Vocabulary.
The universe - вселенная
A pin – булавка
A particle – частица
Nucleus
[
]
– ядро
To spin in shell – вращаться по оболочке
The bubble – пузырь, раковина
The size – размер
Tiny
[
]
– крошечный
Invisible – невидимый
the
surface [
]-
поверхность
An equal number – одинаковое количество
A charge – заряд
To be equal to – быть равным
Substance – вещество
Same – такой же
Constant – постоянный
Precise
[
]
–
точный, определенный
Outermost – самый дальний от центра
The current – ток
The rate – скорость
The voltage – напряжение
The wire – провод, проволока
Unimpeded – беспрепятственный, свободный
Resistance – сопротивление
The friction – трение
The goal – цель
Enabling – разрешение, разрешающий
6. Answer the questions.
1. Why is electricity so important in our life? 2. What is everything made of? 3. What is the size of atoms? 4. What do we call a nucleus, a proton, a neutron, an electron? 5. Where do electrons move? 6. How are electrons held in their shells? 7. What particles carry an electrical charge: a proton, a neutron, an electron? 8. What particles attract and repeal each other? 9. What is electricity? 10. What do we call an electric current? 11. What is it measured in amperes? 12. What is the voltage? 13. How can you compute an electric power? 14. What is the resistance? 15. What is the goal of transmission?
7. Translate the verbs in brackets and give their proper form.
To very, to hold, to attract, to determine, to allow, to drive, to transmit, to remain, to carry, to fit, to spin.
1) As voltage is increased, proportionately less current is needed (передать) the same amount of power.
2) Atoms are so small that millions of them would (поместились бы) on the head of a pin.
3) Electrons usually (остаются) a constant distance from the nucleus in precise shells.
4) Opposite charges (притягивают) each other.
5) The neutrons (несут) no charge and their number can (изменяться).
6) The number of protons in an atom (определяет) the kind of atom
7) The shell closest to the nucleus can (удерживать) two electrons.
8) The wire used to transmit the power does not (позволяет) all the current to pass through it unimpeded.
9) Electrons (вращаются) around the nucleus in shells a great distance from the nucleus.
10) The force that (приводит в движение) the electrons in the wire is called the voltage.
8. Match the terms with their meanings.
Atoms, nucleus, a proton, an electron, resistance, electric current, voltage, electric power.
1) This force drives the electrons in the wire.
2) It carries a positive charge.
3) It is the flow of electrons through the wire in one direction.
4) It carries a negative charge.
5) They are the building blocks of the universe.
6) It is proportional to the voltage multiplied by the current.
7) It is the center of an atom.
8) It is the power which does not allow all the current to pass through it unimpeded.
9. Make up sentences.
1) of, universe, Everything, the, made, in, atoms, is.
2) positive, of, protons, charge, is, The, the, to, the, negative, the, charge, equal, electrons, of.
3) an, number, the, in, atom, The, determines, kind, of, of, atom, protons.
4) The, electrons, called, force, the, drives, the, that, in, the, is, wire, voltage.
5) moving, The, are, electrons, electricity.