Ukrainian Anthem

The Ukrainian anthem, “Shche ne umerla Ukraina” (“Ukraine Has Not Yet Perished”), is of quite recent origin. In Western Ukraine after 1848 there were two songs which enjoyed popularity at national celebrations and patriotic demonstrations. One was by the Basilian Father Julian Dobrylovsky (1760—1825) — “Grant, O.Lord, in Good Time” — and the other, the verse of Ivan Hushalevych (1825—1903) — “We Bring You Peace, Brothers.” In 1848 the latter was recognized by the Supreme Ruthenian Council in Lviv as the national anthem of the Galician Ukrainians. The Carpatho-Ukrainians, on occasions of popular celebration, sang the song by Alexander Dukhnovych (1803—1865) — “I Was, Am and Will be a Rusyn” [Ruthenian]. In the central and eastern Ukrainian lands the “Tes­tament” of Taras Shevchenko was used for many years as a national anthem at manifestations and demonstrations. It was called, not inappropriately, the Ukrainian “Marseillaize.”

In 1863 the Lviv journal “Meta” (The Goal) published the poem of Paul Chubynsky (1839—1884), “Shche ne umerla Ukraina,’’ which was mistakenly ascribed to Taras Shevchenko. In the same year it was set to music by Galician composer Michael Verbytsky (1815—1870), first for solo and later choral per­formance.

This song, as a result of its catchy melody and patriotic text, rapidly be­came popular and gained broad acceptance among the Galician population as well as among the Ukrainians within the Russian empire, in 1917 it was officially adopted as the anthem of the Ukrainian state.

Ex.13. Discussion Points:

1. Geographical Position of Ukraine.

2. The Political System of Ukraine.

3. The National Emblems of Ukraine.

Variant II

Ex.1. Study the vocabulary:

Word List:

to extend [iks’tend] — простягатися

to border [‘bo:dә] on — межувати

to be washed by — омиватися

frontier [‘fr٨ntijә]— кордон

the Carpathian [ka:’pei jәn] mountains — Карпати (Карпатські гори)

black-soil steppelands — чорноземні степи

to admire [әd’maiә] — захоплюватися, милуватися

picturesque [‘pik ә’resk] — мальовничий

slope [sloup] — схил, спад; нахил

endless steppes — безкрайні степи

representative [,repri’zentәtiv] — представник

fauna [‘fo:nә] — фауна

to stretch — простягатися

to be divided into — поділятись на

meadow [‘medou] — луг

peninsula [pi’ninsjulә] — півострів

Ex.2. Read and translate the following text with a dictionary. Do exercises after the text.

“Geographical Position of Ukraine”.

1. A new state, Ukraine, appeared on the world political map in 1991. Uk­raine occupies an area of 603,700 square kilometres. The territory of Ukraine extends 900 kilometres from north to south and 1,316 kilometres from east to west. In the north Ukraine borders on Belarus; in the east and north-east, on Russia; in the south-west, on Hungary, Romania and Moldova; in the west, on Poland and Slovakia. In the south Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. The total length of the frontiers is 6,500 kilometres, including 1,050 kilometres of the sea frontiers.

2. In the north of Ukraine there are forests, in the west — the Carpathian mountains, in the eastern and central Ukraine — black-soil steppelands.

3. We can admire picturesque slopes of the green Carpathians and the Cri­mean hills, the green forests of Poltava, Chernihiv and Kyiv, the endless step­pes of Kherson, Mickolayiv and Odesa. It is really the land of woods, lakes and rivers.

4. The main territory of Ukraine is flat, but 5% of it make up mountains.

5. The major rivers are the Dnieper, the Dnester, the Bug, the Donets and others.

6. Typical representatives of the Ukrainian fauna are hare, fox, squirrel, bear, wolf, goat. Among the trees growing in the Ukrainian territory are birch, pine, oak, fir-tree.

7. The Carpathians are situated in Europe and stretch through Hungary, Po­land, Romania, including Ukraine. They are divided into the West Carpathi­ans, East and South ones. The highest point of the Ukrainian Carpathians is Hoverla — 2,061 metres above the sea level. They are covered with beautiful forests and woods, there are meadows here which are called as "polonyna."

8. The Crimean Mountains stretch for about 150 kilometres along the coast of the Black Sea. The highest point of them is the mountain Roman-Kosh — 1545 metres above the sea level.

9. The Crimea is a peninsula located in the south of Ukraine and is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.

10. The population of Ukraine is about 46 million (46% male and 54% fe-male; 30 million urban and 16 million rulal; density: 87 persons per 1 square kilometre). Ukraine is inhabited by representatives of 128 nations, natio­nalities and ethnic groups.

11. The capital of Ukraine is Kyiv. It stretches on the high hills along the Dnieper, rivaling the oldest and most charming cities of Europe.

12. Ukraine's other big cities are Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Odesa, Lviv, etc. The largest Crimean towns are Simpheropol, Sevastopol, Kertch, Yevpatoria, Yalta and Feodosiya.

13. The geographical position of Ukraine is very favourable for the development of its industry and agriculture.

Ex.3. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations.

1. всесвітня політична карта; 2. межувати з; 3. морські кордони; 4. чорноземні степи; 5. поділятися на; 6. вздовж узбережжя; 7. півострів; 8. міське населення; 9. сільське населення; 10. над рівнем моря.

Ex.4. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. to be washed by a) фауна

2. the total length b) сприятливий

3. picturesque slopes c) омиватися

4. the major rivers d) столиця

5. a representative e) загальна довжина

6. to be covered with f) луг

7. fauna g) мальовничі схили

8. a meadow h) покриватися

9. a cpital i) представник

10. favourable j) головні річки

Ex.5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.

1. The total length of the frontiers is 6.500 kilometres including the…..

2. In the…Ukraine there are black-soil steppelands.

3. The main territory of Ukraine is…, but 5% of it make up mountains.

4. The Carpathians are situated in…

5. The Crimean mountains….about 150km…of the Black Sea.

6. The Crimea is…located in the South of Ukraine.

Flat; a peninsula; eastern and central; sea frontiers; stretch for; Europe; along the coast.

Ex.6. Find in the text and put down the answers to the questions in Ukrainian.

1. What countries does Ukraine border on?

2. What is the total length of the country’s frontiers?

3. What are the major Ukrainian rivers?

4. How many people live in Ukraine?

5. What is the geographical position of Ukraine favorable for?

Ex.7. Read and translate the following text with a dictionary. Do paragraphs: 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13 in writing.

“Ukraine’s Economy and Its Dynamic Progress”

1. A new independent state with a thousand-year-old history appeared on the map of the world. To have an idea of Ukraine’s economic potential, its resources, and define the scale of reforms which must be carried out let us get acquainted with some objective data. Ukraine is situated in the geographical cen­tre of Europe. The country occupies a territory of 603,700 square kilometres.

2. It's population is 46 million, more than 74 per cent of whom are Ukrainians. For comparison, the population of Germany is 79.7 million people, Great Bri­tain — 57, Poland — 39, Finland — 5. Ten million ethnic Ukrainians live outside the country on the territories of the former Soviet Union, and close to 5 million live in other foreign countries. The Diaspora is the strongest in Canada and the USA. There are six cities in Ukraine with a population over one million. Occupying 0.45 per cent of all earth's surface and being populated by 0.8 per cent of all earth's dwellers, Ukraine produces almost 5 per cent of the world output.

3. Ukraine is the first in Europe in iron ore extraction, production of steel, cast iron, tractors, mineral fertilizers, sugar, and grain; the second in coal mi­ning, and the third in producing concrete, electric energy and various equip­ment. 4. In the south the country has access to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov which are connected with the ocean. Twenty-seven thousand kilometres of railroads intertwine throughout the territory of Ukraine (in Sweden — 12, France —35, Spain —20).

5. In 1991—1995, two interrelated processes were characteristic of Ukraine's economy, namely its assertion as that of independent state, and its trans­formation from planned-centralized to market-controlled.

6. These processes follow a complicated, often winding course, but there are all the prerequisites for then effective accomplishment.

7. Historically the following two factors determined the development of Uk­rainian lands: firstly, the presence of fertile chernozem soils, and, secondly, remarkably convenient geographical location on the crossroads of internatio­nal trade routes.

8. The export-import structure was also characteristic of the state forma­tion existing in the current Ukrainian territories. At the same time the de­velopment of plow farming, ferrous metallurgy and crafts led to an upsurge of such contacts between Rus’-Ukraine and other countries. Ukraine tur­ned into Europe's "granary." The Ukrainian agrarian "gubernias" began to transform as agrarian-industrial regions only in the second half of the 19th century. The Donetsk Coal Basin (Donbas) and the Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Basin became Russia's leading industrial venues.

9. Present-day independent Ukraine has a considerable potential to quick­ly develop its economy — and this is explained not only by favourable natural conditions, but also by the convenient geographical position in terms of in­ternational trade exchanges.

10. In Donbas the coal deposits are estimated at 2,000,000,000 tons. Some 4.2 billion ton of hydrogenous (brown) coal are to be found in the Dnieper Basin.

11. Ukraine's iron and manganese ore deposits are considered the richest in the world — primary in the Kryvyi Rih Basin (up to 62% of pure iron) and the Nikopol Basin. There are also considerable reserves of titanium, nickel, chrome, mercury and other rare metals.

12. The non-ore deposits are quite variegated (for instance, sulphur, phospho­rites, potash salts, refractories, flux, granite, marble, porcelain, clay, chalk, etc.).

13. Still, the oil and gas deposits of Sub-Carpathia (Prykarpattya) and Left-Bank Ukraine cannot satisfy their own needs in these energy resources.

14. Ukraine's labour pool amounts to 29.6 million persons, of whom 22.4 mil­ lion are employed in the national economy, including 6.4 million in the in­dustries, 4.6 million in agriculture and forestry, 1.7 million in construction, 1.6 million in transport and communications, and 6.6 million in the communal sphere, medicine and public education.