1. Your experiment will not give good results until you (to change) the speed of the reaction. 2. When Albert Einstein was 12, he (to begin) his study of mathematics and physics. Later he (to continue) his studies at the University. 3. In 1921 Einstein (to get) his Nobel Prize not for the theory of relativity but for a logic explanation of photoelectric effect. 4. Oxygen in molecular form (to consist of) two atoms of oxygen. 5. If we (to divide) the molecule of water, the substance will not be water any more – all we get are two gases, hydrogen and oxygen. 6. Atoms (to make up) the air that man (to breathe), the food that he (to eat), the ground on which he (to walk), and their interactions (to provide) the energy that he (to use). 7. It was at the beginning of the nineteenth century that the scientists first (to establish) experimentally the atomic theory of the structure of matter. 8. It was Mendeleyev who (to establish) the periodic table of elements.

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

1. Позавчора ми їздили на екскурсію на машинобудівний завод. 2. Саме Олівер Еванс (Oliver Evans) розробив перший борошномельний млин (flour mill). 3. Хоча перші машини повністю не витіснили людську працю, вони однак наблизились до цієї мети. 4. Жакардовий ткацький верстат (Jacquard loom) використовував металеві пластини з отворами для того, щоб контролювати процес ткання. 5. Твій батько працював на цій фабриці? – Ні. 6. Марія Кюрі відкрила радій у 1898 році. 7. Наш викладач запитав мене вчора. 8. Викладач встав, підійшов до дошки і показав нам діаграму.

1 У сучасному англійському мовленні з першою особою однини і множини вживається переважно допоміжне дієслово will.

7

Вживання Future Indefinite Tense

Exercise 1. Change the following into the Future Indefinite.

1.Our engineer left for Kyiv on Monday. 2. Her husband worked at the factory.

3.I come to the University at 9 o’clock. 4. Yesterday he went to the University by bus. 5. He usually helps me in my work. 6. Both methods yield solutions of this type.

7.The entire operation takes about three seconds. 8. We trained on a dummy system last month.

Exercise 2. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1. Tomorrow I shall listen to the lecture about properties of metals. 2. We shall work at the laboratory next week. 3. We shall explore possible ways of formulating the process. 4. They will derive the equation on a statistical basis. 5. We shall employ other elaborate schemes. 6. You will do physics next term. 7. The plant will make agricultural machines. 8. He will help them in their work.

Exercise 3. Put questions to the italicized words.

1. We shall solve this algebraic problem. 2. They will do their work in time. 3. He will graduate from the university in two years. 4. In this paper we shall base the classification on two distinct criteria. 5. The temperature will either slightly rise or drop. 6. In some days he will continue his work. 7. Next week he will explain to us the difference between the metric and imperial systems.

Exercise 4. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Future Indefinite or the Present Indefinite.

1. We (to go) to the Carpathians after we (to pass) all our examinations. 2. If you (to come) to see us next Sunday we (to discuss) this problem. 3. If you (to come), I

8

(to give) you this book. 4. I wonder if the plane (to come) on time if the weather (to change) for the worse. 5. I (to do) that when I (to have) time. 6. If we (to divide) a lump of salt into smaller lumps and then (to subdivide) them into still smaller lumps, we (to get) a single grain of salt in the end. 7. We (to begin) a new experiment after you (to show) us the results of your last experiment. 8. He (to define) other parameters provided you (to tell) him the weight of the solid. 9. If you (to work) much, you (to get) good results. 10. He (to work) at a foreign company after he (to graduate). 11. Marina asks if she (to get) the job as soon as she (to learn) the language.

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

1. Я дам це йому, коли він повернеться. 2. Ми обговоримо її роботу, як тільки отримаємо її. 3. Я розповім вам багато цікавого. 4. Якщо я дістану цю книгу, я дам її вам. 5. Він не піде в бібліотеку сьогодні увечері. 6. Якщо він не піде в бібліотеку, він буде удома. 7. Ти отримуватимеш стипендію (a grant)? - Звичайно. 8. Я прочитаю ці розділи завтра. 9. Маю надію, що ти будеш відвідувати заняття регулярно.

Відмінювання дієслова to be (Indefinite Tenses Active)

Exercise 1. Change the following into the Future Indefinite and the Past Indefinite.

1.My brother is a worker. 2. I am busy on weekdays. 3. She is at the lecture.

4.This work is interesting. 5. The workers are at the factory. 6. The students are at the University. 7. They are good engineers. 8. She is a technician.

Exercise 2. Answer the following questions as in the model.

Model: Is mathematics difficult? – Yes, it is. It is difficult.

–No, it isn’t. It is not difficult.

1.Are you at the blackboard? 2. Am I an engineer? 3. Was he the best student in the first course? 4. Is he a well known scientist? 5. Was the solution in its stable state? 6. Is this proposition true? 7. Is this approach promising? 8. Will this work be of great importance?

9

Exercise 3. Make the following sentences interrogative. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1. All the students are ready for the lesson. 2. The lesson is over. 3. Everything is in constant motion. 4. Truth is the summit of being. 5. The number of participants is twenty-five. 6. He was interested in this work. 7. This chapter will be devoted to system analysis. 8. The programme is of some interest. 9. His notes were of great help in our work.

Exercise 4. Fill in each blank with an appropriate form of “to be”.

1. Peter … a student. 2. I … in my third year at the University. 3. … Victor and Peter mechanical engineers? – No, they … not. They … students. 4. … you in the lecture-hall? – Yes, we … . 5. … you a student last year? – No, I … not. 6. You … engineers in two years. 7. I … here in five minutes. 8. … your father at work yesterday?

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

1. Продуктивність є головною причиною автоматизації. 2. Моя сестра була студенткою торік, а зараз вона програміст. – Ти теж будеш програмістом? – Ні, я не буду програмістом. Я буду механіком. 3. Ти був присутній на математиці вчора? – Так, звичайно, я завжди присутній на уроках, якщо не хворий. 4. Я – студент Київського національного університету технологій та дизайну. Наш університет дуже великий. 5. Один з моїх товаришів - студент-заочник (an external student). Він буде електромеханіком через 2 роки. 6. Доповідь цього аспіранта дуже важлива. 7. Яка відповідь (solution) була до цієї задачі? 8. Чи будите ви вільні після занять?

Exercise 1. Read and translate the following sentences.

1. There is an underground railway station near our university. – The underground railway station is near our university. 2. There is another bookshop round the corner. – The bookshop is round the corner. 3. There are three important lectures today. 4. Is there a good library in your University? 5. There are twelve students in our group. 6. There was only one student at the first desk. 7. How many institutions of higher learning will there be in your city in 5 years? 8. Will there be a meeting at the University tomorrow? – Yes, there will. 9. Was there any discussion on the problem? – No, there wasn’t.

10

Exercise 2. Make the sentences interrogative and give short answers.

1.There are never any mistakes in his tests. 2. There is a car factory in your city.

3.There were some students in the room. 4. There will be some books there. 5. There are many kinds of molecules. 6. There is a power station near our village. 7. There is much electric light in this garage. 8. There will never be a set of processes which are waiting for each other.

Exercise 3. Make the following sentences negative.

1. There are twenty-eight members in our scientific circle. 2. There will be some engineers at the seminar on programming tomorrow. 3. There was a lecture on cybernetics yesterday. 4. There were many ways of solving the problem. 5. There will be some new laboratories in our University next year. 6. There were some questions to the speaker. 7. There is a new point of view on the problem. 8. There is much acid in the flask.

Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks with the construction there + to be.

1. … some tools in the box. 2. … a time-table on the wall. 3. … a lot of work yesterday. 4. … many universities and institutes in our country. 5. … some mercury in the tube. 6. … some gas in these tubes two hours ago. 7. … many post-graduates at our university next year. 8. … much activity among the experimenters in the field of nuclear research last year.

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

1. У цьому журналі була цікава стаття про елементарні частинки. 2. Існують різні види енергії. 3. Існує багато типів вимірювальних приладів. 4. У його статті не було нічого цікавого. 5. Чи будуть збори в університеті завтра? - Ні, не будуть. 6. У колбі (flask) було трохи води. 7. На столі є підручник із вищої математики. Підручник із вищої математики на столі. 8. У нашій групі було п'ять відмінників (excellent students) торік. Я сподіваюся, що цього року в нашій групі буде багато відмінників. 9. У музеї не було студентів.

11