10. Женщины в бизнесе

There is a social trend that can be called womenomics. Nowadays there are more and more women who are working in business. But unfortunately they are still in minority, because of a stereotype that business is not for women. But some researches were carried out and they deny this statement.

Many businesses are currently male-driven, but research shows companies with female directors, or high numbers of female staff, are performing better than male-dominated firms. It’s about decision making. Women combine logical thinking with creative, emotionally driven thought to multitask and democratically reach decisions. 

Women have their management style. It turns out it's not soft; it's lucrative. Research shows that companies with the most women in senior management had a higher return— by more than a third.

Women manage more cautiously than men do. They focus on the long term. Men thrive on risk, especially when surrounded by other men.

Women are also less competitive, in a good way. They're consensus builders, conciliators and collaborators, and they employ what is called a transformational leadership style — heavily engaged, motivational, extremely well suited for the emerging, less hierarchical workplace.

To sum up, nowadays the stereotype that business is not for women is not actual. It’s more important to be competent and high qualified.

11. Как происходит выявление и анализ проблем(13). Из каких этапов состоит процесс поиска рационального решения(17). Методы и способы, применяемые для решения проблем(swot, meca, Keys analysis)(18).

During the work of the company there can occur different kind of problems. Many decisions are more difficult to make and they involve problem solving. Very often they are strategic decisions involving major courses of action which will affect the future direction of the company. To make good decisions the manager should be able to select, rationally, a course of action.

The process of problem solving consists of four steps: 1) defining the problem; 2) analyzing and collecting information; 3) working out options; 4) deciding on the best solution.

As a first step, manager must identify and define the problem. And it is important that he doesn’t mistake the symptoms of a problem for the real problem he must solve. The manager also take into account the rules and principles of the company which may affect the final decision. These factors will limit the solution of the problem.

The second step is to analyze the problem and decide what additional information is necessary before a decision can be taken (getting the facts). Making decision involves degree of risk. It is the manager’s job to minimize that risk.

Once the problem has been identified and the fact’s collected, the manager should consider the options available for solving it.

It’s worth nothing that, in some situations, one of the options may be to take no action at all.

Before making a decision, the manager will carefully asses the options, considering the advantages of each one. Having done this, he will have to take a decision.

In problem solving managers often use SWOT, MECA and Keys analysis this are business tools which will help to determine whether or not your business idea work’s in real world.

SWOT analysis helps in making strategies. SWOT analysis contains 4 steps:

S Identify strengths.

W Identify weaknesses.

O Identify opportunities

T Identify threats

First the organization examines its current performance assessing it’s strength and weaknesses. It looks at performance indicators like market share, sales revenue, output and productivity. It also examines its resources – financial, human, products and facilities. Next the company looks at the external factors, from the point of view of opportunities and threats. It’s trying to assess technological, social, economic and political trends in the markets where it’s competing. It also examines the activities of competitors.

Completed the SWOT analysis, the company can evaluate its objectives and perhaps work out new ones.

After you have completed SWOT analysis, you should complete one for your own business. Very often, to determine your business's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, you must gather some information from outside of your business. This is a MECA analysis (Market, Environmental, and Competitive Assessment)is used.  A well-researched MECA will provide you with better information for your business's SWOT analysis while, at the same time, providing you with invaluable data for developing your strategic plan. Think of a MECA as a "bigger picture" analysis. Only this time you'll be looking for any trends, voids, opportunities, etc. related to the market, environmental issues, and the competition.

Case analysis

Case analysis is one of the most general and useful methods of analytical thinking, depending only on the division of a problem, decision or situation into a sufficient number of separatecases. Analysing each such case individually may be enough to resolve the initial question.

Cases are detailed descriptions of real management situations.

Case analysis must consist of the following four sections:

• Problem Statement

• Situation Analysis

• Analysis of Alternatives

• Recommendation