8. «Процесс коммуникации в бизнесе»

In an era of globalization companies are increasingly expanding their workforce internationally. To communicate effectively we must realize that we are all different in the way we perceive the world and use this understanding as a guide to our communication with others.

To operate outside national board, firms must be ready to incorporate international considerations into their thinking and planning, making decisions related to question as these: “How will our idea, goods, or service fit into the international market?”

But we should realize that subordinates work in a team abroad. Teamwork is becoming increasingly necessary to mobilize and apply information and knowledge. New occupations are arising, virtual team leaders are required to integrate and coordinate work.

Particular attention should be paid to misunderstandings about language or about culture, which are sometimes comical but can also cause genuine hurt or anger. Giving gifts is one of the potential problems: in the UK most people take presents to a dinner party, bit in many countries this is not polite because it suggests you consider the host is poor.

I would like to finish with another funny example of culture clash. When PepsiCo used the slogan “Come alive with Pepsi” in Taiwan, they had no idea that it would be translated into Chinese as “Pepsi brings your ancestors back from the dead”. There is only one conclusion: company executives should think hundred times whether the company is ready for going global.

9. Менеджмент, менеджмент как наука, функции менеджмента, научный подход

Management. 1) Management in all business and organization activities is the act of getting people together to achieve desired objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. 2) Management comprises: planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing and controlling an organization. 3) In the twentieth century Frederick Taylor developed Scientific Management. 4) He thought that work should be studied and analyzed. 5) The new way of management was as follows: · Each operation of a job was studied and analyzed · Management working out the time and method for each job · Worker is responsible for final product. · Workers should be selected and trained for the job. 6) Observing, analyzing, measuring, the work method, organizing and choosing the right person for the job – these were the tasks of management. 7) Then Elton Mayo developed Human Relations Management. 8) The basic idea is that managers should be sensitive to the needs of employees.

Our society is made up of all kinds of organisations, such as companies, unions, hospitals, etc… In all these organizations, there are people carrying out the work of a manager although they do not have that title.

According to Fayol (General Management theory) to manage means to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control. This definition is now accepted by many people. Instead of commanding people now say motivate or direct. In most companies the activity of a manager depends on a level at which he or she is working.

There are some approaches to management.

Scientific management – principles and practices that are characterized by concern for efficiency and systematization in management. Analysis of problem consists of four steps: 1) Defining the problem. 2) Analyzing and collecting information. 3) Working out options. 4) Deciding on the best solution.

The SM practices would benefit both the employee and the employer through the creation of a larger surplus. The organization would achieve higher output and the worker would receive more income.

2. Human Relations. Elton Mayo determine the relationship between working conditions and productivity. Psychological needs of individuals have a significant impact on group performance.

Reasonable satisfaction of the needs and desire of employees will lead to greater output.

3. Modern Behaviorism. Today’s workers has a higher level of education and tends to posses higher expectations for the working environment. Employees desire diverse and challenging work.