2. Виды компаний, типы организаций

2. Виды компаний, типы организаций.

22. Формы и организации бизнеса. Политика открытых дверей.

There are 3 principal forms of business organization:

1. the Sole Proprietorship

2. the Partnership

3. the Corporation

Sole Proprietorship is owned by one person. The owner has relatively unlimited control over the business and keeps all the profits. That is the easiest and least expensive form of ownership to organize.

(-) Sole proprietors have complete responsibility for any of its liabilities or debts. Their business and personal assets are at risk.

(-) It is hard to raise funds and to attract high-caliber employees, or those that are motivated by the opportunity to own a part of the business.

In a Partnership, two or more people share ownership of a single business. The partners should have a legal agreement that sets forth how decisions will be made, profit will be shared, and disputes will be solved and so on.

Main features of a Partnership

(+) Easy to organize, but needs agreement

(+) Partners receive all income

(-) Partners have unlimited liability

(-)Partners may disagree

(-) Life of business may be limited

There are exist different types of Partnerships:

General Partnership – partners divide responsibility for management and liability, as well as the shares of profit or loss according to their internal agreement.

Limited Partnership and Partnership with limited liability – most of the partners have limited liability (to the extent of their investment) as well as limited management decisions.

Joint Venture acts like a general partnership, but it is formed for a limited period of time or a single project.

A Corporation. It is considered by law to be unique entity, separate and apart from those who own it. The owners of a corporation are its shareholders. They elect a board of directors to oversee the major policies and decisions.

Main features of a Corporation:

(+) Shareholders have limited liability

(+) Can raise funds through sale of stock

(+) Life of business is unlimited (continuity of life)

(-) To incorporate a firm takes time and money

(-) May result in higher overall taxes

The open door policy

The purpose is to create good working conditions for its employees and to build up employee– manager relationships.

The programme works like this: if employees think they have been unfairly treated by their immediate manager, they can appeal to a higher level of management to solve the problem. In fact, they can go higher and higher level of management if they wish. Alternatively, they can take their case directly to an executive director. In practice, some cases are taken to senior management and executive management level; others are resolved by the immediate manager’s manager. Staff may raise any subject they wish. Generally, appeals are about promotions, relations with immediate managers, and assessment of staff performance.

3. Выбор профессии, прием на работу (ярмарка вакансий, cv-резюме)

Every person has to make an extremely stressful decision, to choose his or her own career. Choosing a career is a difficult and challenging task: the decision once taken will influence your future life. The earlier you decide on what profession is interesting and rewarding for you, the more you can achieve during your lifetime.

Choosing a career is a challenging task indeed. It is all about finding the perfect match between your personality, interests, and skills. On the one hand, modern society, with its hundreds of professions and jobs, presents a vast range of future job opportunities. Industry and business, farming, science and education, medicine, service, arts and journalism are just a few professional fields a young person can specialize in. On the other hand, modern society with its crises, unemployment and inflation, makes a poor choice of profession a really bad mistake. You can choose a profession you really like, and face problems when looking for a job. Or you can find a job you like, but it will be underpaid.

In spite of all the problems mentioned above, the choice has to be made.

The second step then is applying for a position. Some companies prefer applicants to supply a curriculum vitae (c.v.) which is your personal and working history.

All companies will want to know why you are applying for a particular position. This not only means explaining why you want the job but why you think your particular skills and experience would be valuable to the firm.

Btu sadly, there are various reasons why a company may not offer a candidate a job, and these include lack of qualifications, competence, i.e. they do not think the applicant has the ability or experience to handle the post, or there are too many applicants of similar qualifications and ability, so the company makes a choice based on nothing more than the personality of the interviewee at the time of selection.

Therefore, how you present yourself at an interview is as important as how you present yourself in your application.

4. Принятие решений (4 юнит+с.42)