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Файл:(EOD).Electric circuits.pdf
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- •1. TABLE OF CONTENTS
- •2. BASIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
- •2.1 CIRCUIT COMPONENTS AND QUANTITIES
- •2.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
- •3. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
- •3.1 KIRCHOFF’S LAWS
- •3.1.1 Simple Applications of Kirchoff’s Laws
- •3.1.1.1 - Parallel Resistors
- •3.1.1.2 - Series Resistors
- •3.1.2 Node Voltage Methods
- •3.1.3 Current Mesh Methods
- •3.1.4 More Advanced Applications
- •3.1.4.1 - Voltage Dividers
- •3.1.4.2 - The Wheatstone Bridge
- •3.1.4.3 - Tee-To-Pi (Y to Delta) Conversion
- •3.2 THEVENIN AND NORTON EQUIVALENTS
- •3.2.1 Superposition
- •3.2.2 Maximum Power Transfer
- •3.3 CIRCUITS CONTAINING CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS
- •4. PASSIVE DEVICES
- •4.1 TRANSFORMERS
- •5. ACTIVE DEVICES
- •5.1 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
- •5.1.1 General Details
- •5.1.2 Simple Applications
- •5.1.2.1 - Inverting Amplifier
- •5.1.2.2 - Non-Inverting Amplifier
- •5.1.2.3 - Integrator
- •5.1.2.4 - Differentiator
- •5.1.2.5 - Weighted Sums
- •5.1.2.6 - Difference Amplifier (Subtraction)
- •5.1.2.7 - Op-Amp Voltage Follower
- •5.1.2.8 - Bridge Balancer
- •5.1.2.9 - Low Pass Filter
- •5.1.3 Op-Amp Equivalent Circuits
- •5.1.3.1 - Frequency Response
- •5.2 TRANSISTORS
- •5.2.1 Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)
- •5.2.1.1 - Biasing Common Emitter Transistors
- •6. AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
- •6.1 PHASORS
- •6.1.1 RMS Values
- •6.1.2 LR Circuits
- •6.1.3 RC Circuits
- •6.1.4 LRC Circuits
- •6.1.5 LC Circuits
- •6.2 AC POWER
- •6.2.1 Complex Power
- •6.2.1.1 - Real Power
- •6.2.1.2 - Average Power
- •6.2.1.3 - Reactive Power
- •6.2.1.4 - Apparent Power
- •6.2.1.5 - Complex Power
- •6.2.1.6 - Power Factor
- •6.2.1.7 - Average Power Calculation
- •6.2.1.8 - Maximum Power Transfer
- •6.3 3-PHASE CIRCUITS
- •7. TWO PORT NETWORKS
- •7.1 PARAMETER VALUES
- •7.1.1 z-Parameters (impedance)
- •7.1.2 y-Parameters (admittance)
- •7.1.3 a-Parameters (transmission)
- •7.1.4 b-Parameters (transmission)
- •7.1.5 h-Parameters (hybrid)
- •7.1.6 g- Parameters (hybrid)
- •7.2 PROPERTIES
- •7.2.1 Reciprocal Networks
- •7.2.2 Symmetrical Networks
- •7.3 CONNECTING NETWORKS
- •7.3.1 Cascade
- •7.3.2 Series
- •7.3.3 Parallel
- •7.3.4 Series-Parallel
- •7.3.5 Parallel-Series
- •8. CAE TECHNIQUES FOR CIRCUITS
- •9. A CIRCUITS COOKBOOK
- •9.1 HOW TO USE A COOKBOOK
- •9.2 SAFETY
- •9.3 BASIC NOTES ABOUT CHIPS
- •9.4 CONVENTIONS
- •9.5 USEFUL COMPONENT INFORMATION
- •9.5.1 Resistors
- •9.5.2 Capacitors
- •9.6 FABRICATION
- •9.6.1 Shielding and Grounding
- •9.7 LOGIC
- •9.8 ANALOG SENSORS
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RL |
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VL |
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Given Vs and Rs, find RL for the maximum power transfer.
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V = IRL |
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Rs + RL |
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= IVL = |
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VS |
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PL |
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RL |
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R |
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L |
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PL = 0 |
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∂ |
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RL |
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RL = RS |
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For maximum power transfer |
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• For practice try proving this theorem for the Norton equivalent circuit.
3.3 CIRCUITS CONTAINING CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS
•When circuits contain capacitors, inductors, or other complex components, the solving techniques are the same. The main difference is that you will end up with differential expressions. (later we will see better techniques for dealing with these components)
•Consider the example,
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