14-es_1 / Анг.яз / м_Сасина_англ_уст.тем_Беларусь

to erect on – возвышаться to surround by – окружать to fill with – наполнять

to enclose with – ограждать

to sustain many attacks from – выдерживать много атак to get inside through – попасть внутрь через

to connect with – соединять to protect from – защищать to carry out – выполнять

to include into – включать

5. Match these English words and their Russian equivalents:

6. Combine these words with the help of preposition of:

7.Give the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives:

Beautiful, high, mighty, old, wide, long, important, big, good, favorable.

8.Give the plural of:

Case, lake, service, country, boundary, value, enemy, fish, complex.

9. Write the derivatives of the following words:

Weapon, strength, fish, history, to find, board, to construct, to affect, to

build.

10.These words can be used both as verbs and nouns. Make up your own sentences to show the difference in their usage:

Level, water, help, trip, place, entrance, ground.

11.Give English equivalents to the following words and phrases:

мощный и красивый архитектурный комплекс; во время правления; это

неизвестно; старая деревянная башня; решение принца было обусловлено; она была обнесена широким рвом, наполненным водой; уровень воды; с помощью длинного моста; зима 1581; просторный замковый двор; слева от входа; вал замка; первый этаж здания; подсобная служба; ежегодно; коллекция монет и медалей; великолепная мебель; закрывала дорогу к замку; подъёмный мост; был окружён рвом; глубокий пруд.

12. Read the text and get ready to speak about the Castle of Nesvizh:

THE CASTLE OF NESVIZH – OUR ARCHITECTURAL LEGACY

The Castle of Nesvizh is one of the most outstanding architectural monuments of the Republic of Belarus. This castle was constructed in Nesvizh in Grodno region. The mighty and beautiful architectural complex draws attention of tourists, archeologists, historians as it is a part of national ancient history of our Republic.

During the board of Nikolay Radzivill – the prince of Nesvizh, construction of the Castle of Nesvizh was started in 1583. Even today it is unknown, what forced to reconstruct this castle instead of the old wooden one. Probably its reason was a terrible fire. However, the decision of reconstruction was affected by a marvelous trip to Italy where prince Radzivill spent some winter months in 1581. It is not known for sure, but may be that is why the reconstruction of a new castle was entrusted to Italian architect Giovanni Bernardoni.

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The Castle of Nesvizh is erected on a peninsula, on the right coast of the river Usha. It is surrounded by a wide moat, filled with water. The level of water in it was regularly adjusted. The castle was actually the island, with two water boundaries. To get in it was possible only with the help of a long bridge across the moat. In case of danger the bridge could be easily dismantled.

The Castle of Nesvizh had the form of a quadrangle and the size of 170х120 meters, surrounded by a high earthen shaft. The shaft was enclosed with stones and entrenchments which were built behind it.

A spacious castle yard was surrounded with three buildings. There was the main building with the prince’s apartments opposite to the gate. In the corners of the rectangular building there were traditional octahedral turrets. The massive three-tier building with a high tower was erected to the right of the entrance in the castle yard. Barracks and separate economic services were placed there. The third building (the economic one) stood in the yard to the left of the entrance.

The shaft of the castle covered all the ground floor of the building from bombardment. There were rooms of subsidiary services inside the shaft, where four secret exits could be found.

From the external side of the moat was a wide road which was protected by a low earthen embankment. From the western and northern part of the embankment there was the moat, and from the southern and eastern - deep ponds. A big tower from which it was possible to supervise attacks on the bridge was built opposite to it in order to protect the territory of the castle from the northern side. A lot of years ago the Castle of Nesvizh was considered as one of the most powerful and perfect constructions of this type. Thanks to its architectural construction the Castle of Nesvizh sustained many attacks from the enemy’s part.

The town strengthening and constructions were basically finished by the end of the 16th century. The castle was enclosed with the shaft which was like a pentagon with seven towers, which protected the town from different directions. To get inside the castle was possible through five gates: Slutskie, Kletskie, Vilenskie, Mirskie and Zamkowie. The town territory was surrounded by the moat, connected with the river Usha. The drawbridge was constructed in front of the gate. Small monasteries with big complexes of stone constructions which stood in favorable places had a great value and closed the road to the castle. They were serious obstacles on the way of the enemy and protected the Castle of Nesvizh. The moat around the town carried out one more function: it was also fish nursery. But people were not allowed fishing there.

The Castle of Nesvizh was a rich cultural centre some years ago. Its library, portrait and picture galleries, a rich collection of weapon from all over the world, well-known belts of Slutsk, magnificent furniture, collections of coins

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and medals were placed in it. This castle preserves the former greatness even now. It is included into the architectural complex of ancient constructions of the Republic of Belarus and represents property and heritage of our country. Annually millions of tourists from all over the world and our republic come to admire this ancient monument, greatness of its ancient constructions. The castle of Nesvizh has gone through many changes, reorganizations and restorations, but despite this it does not lose its beauty and represents architectural value of the Republic of Belarus.

13. Answer the questions:

1.Where was the Castle of Nesvizh constructed? 2. Who was the prince of Nesvizh? 3. When was the construction of the castle started? 4. When did Nikolay Radzivill go to Italy? 5. Where is the Castle of Nesvizh erected on?

6.Where were barracks and separate economic services placed? 7. What did the shaft of the castle cover? 8. What was built on the western and northern parts of the embankment? 9. Where was the big tower situated from which was possible to supervise attacks of the enemy? 10. How was the castle protected? 11. When was the town strengthening basically constructed? 12. How could people get inside the castle? 13. Who came to admire this ancient monument?

14.Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1.During the board of Nikolay Radzivill – the prin ce of Nesvizh, construction of the Castle of Nesvizh was started in 1580. 2. However, the decision of reconstruction was affected by a marvelous trip to Italy where prince Radzivill spent some winter months in 1581. 3. The Castle of Nesvizh is erected on a peninsula, on the left coast of the river Svisloch. 4. The shaft was enclosed with wood and entrenchments which were built behind it. 5. A spacious castle yard was surrounded with three buildings. 6. The shaft of the castle covered all the first floor of the building from bombardment. 7. From the internal side of the moat there was a wide road which was protected by a low earthen embankment.

8.The Castle of Nesvizh was a poor cultural centre some years ago. 9. Annually millions of tourists from all over the world and our republic come to admire this ancient monument, greatness of its ancient constructions. 10. Thanks to its architectural construction the Castle of Nesvizh did not sustain many attacks from the enemy’s part. 11. A lot of years ago the Castle of Nesvizh was considered as one of the most powerful and perfect constructions of this type.

15.Insert the right prepositions where necessary:

1. The mighty and beautiful architectural complex draws attention … tourists, archeologists, historians. 2. However, the decision … reconstruction

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was affected … a marvelous trip … Italy where princ e Radzivill spent winter months in 1581. 3. The Castle of Nesvizh is erected … a peninsula, … the right coast of the river Usha. 4. To get … the castle was possible … the gates. 5. It is included … the architectural complex of ancient con structions … the Republic of Belarus. 6. The moat around the town carried … o ne more function. 7. Thanks to its architectural construction the Castle of Nesvizh sustained many

16. Choose the word from the box into each gap:

1. This castle was … … Nesvizh in Grodno region. 2. The Castle of Nesvizh is erected on a peninsula, on the right coast of the … …3. It was

shaft of the castle covered all the ground floor of the building from …. 6. From the external side of the moat there was a wide road which was protected by a low earthen …. 7. A lot of years ago the Castle of Nesvizh was … as one of the most powerful and perfect constructions of this type. 8. The … was constructed before the gate. 9. The moat around the town carried out one more function: it was … . 10. The castle is included into the archite ctural complex of ancient constructions of the Republic of Belarus and represents … … … of our country.

the right, embankment, the river Usha, wide moat, property and the heritage, bombardment, considered, constructed in, fish nursery, drawbridge

17. Fill in the table:

in 1583

winter months in 1581

170х120 meters

5 gates of the castle

18.Work in groups. Find out from your partners:

– what member of Radzivill family they know;

– what kind of construction was the Castle of Nesvi zh;

– what treasures does the castle have.

19.Comment on:

–construction of the castle;

–its defensive means;

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20. Imagine that:

–You are a guide in a local museum. One of your vi sitors is interested in some changes which were made to the castle. Role-play a dialogue with your partner.

–Your friend comes to your place and asks you to t ell him about Belarusian castles. Role-play a dialogue with your partner.

21. Comprehension check. Choose the best alternative according to the text:

1. The Castle of Nesvizh was …

a)reconstructed in Polotsk region;

b)constructed in Nesvizh in Grodno region;

c)restored in Nesvizh in Minsk region.

2.During the board of Nikolay Radzivill – the prin ce of Nesvizh, the construction of the Castle of Nesvizh was started in …

a) 1583; b) 1654; c) 1347.

3.The Castle of Nesvizh is erected on a peninsula, on the right coast of the river …

a) Svisloch; b) Dvina; c) Usha.

4.The shaft was enclosed …

a)with wooden temples which were built inside of it;

b)with metal columns and towers which were built opposite to it;

c)with stones and entrenchments which were built behind it.

5.A spacious castle yard was surrounded by … a) three buildings;

b) two houses; c) five walls.

6.Thanks to its architectural construction the Castle of Nesvizh sustained many attacks from …

a) the opponent’s part; b) the enemy’s part; c) the friends’ part.

7.The town strengthening and constructions were basically …

a)finished by the end of the 16th century;

b)reconstructed by the beginning of the 14th century;

c)restored by the second half of the 17th century.

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8.The castle was enclosed with the shaft which was … a) triangle with one tower;

b) quadrangle with three towers;

c) like a pentagon with seven towers.

9.The moat around the town carried out one more function … a) it was fish nursery;

b) it was a shed for domestic animals;

c) it was such a place where children could swim and play.

10.From the western and northern part of the embankment there was … a) the crest of the rampart;

b) the peninsular; c) the moat.

11.From the southern and eastern part of the embankment there were … a) the lake;

b) deep ponds; c) the sea.

12.Small monasteries with complexes of …

a)wooden buildings had a great defensive function and opened the road to the castle;

b)stone constructions had a great value and closed the road to the castle;

c)constructions made of stone had a decorative function.

13. The Castle of Nesvizh was a rich cultural centre some years ago …

a)the museum of ancient clothes, a rich collection of weapon from all over the world, manuscripts and old letters were placed in it;

b)collections of coins and medals, pictures, old documents, a library, well-known belts of Slutsk;

c)a library, portrait and picture galleries, a rich collection of the weapon from all over the world, well-known belts of Slutsk, magnificent furniture, collections of coins and medals were placed in it.

Unit 4

KHATYN

1. Practise saying the following proper names:

2. Read these international words and try to guess their meaning:

Command, sculptor, prototype, sculpture, memorial ensemble, tragedy, urn, territory, soviet, aggressor, region, construction, mass, niches, symbolize, crematorium, concentration, complex, architect, engineer, project, monument.

3. Read the following words and memorize them:

4. Read out these phrases several times till you remember them: to escape from a fiery ring – вырваться из огненного кольца

to pick sb up – забрать кого-либо

to be made of concrete beams – сделанный из бетонных балок

to be topped with bronze bells – быть увенчанным бронзовыми колоколами

to conduct directly to – вести прямо к чему-либо to adjoin to – примыкать к чему-либо

to be constructed in memory – быть возведённым в память

to be created by the fascists – быть изобретённым фашистами to be badgered by sheep-dogs – быть затравленным овчарками to be transformed into ruins – быть превращённым в руины

5. Match these English words and their Russian equivalents:

6.Combine these words with the help of preposition of:

7.Give the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives:

Impossible, black, terrible, simple, terrible.

8.Write the derivatives of the following words:

Drive, sculptor, memory, celebrate, destruct, symbol, concentrate.

9.These words can be used both as verbs and nouns. Make up your own sentences to show the difference in their usage:

Command, burn, escape, cure, part, path, zone, camp.

10.Give the plural of:

Body, invader, people, tragedy, language, village, celebration, child.

11. Give English equivalents to the following words and phrases:

под напором пылающих тел, вырваться из огненного кольца, братская могила, удалось спастись, подобрали, спрятали и вылечили простые люди, прообразом скульптуры мужчины, мемориальный ансамбль, увековечивший память, полностью уничтожены оккупантами, хранится земля этих пепелищ, народу, “ мертвая зона”, истребить полностью, встать из пепла, возвышается мемориальная стена, по решению правительства Беларуси, был возведен, главный инженер проекта, в дни празднования освобождения Белоруссии, монумент Победы в Минске.

12. Read the text and get ready to speak about Khatyn:

KHATYN – THE TRAGEDY OF THE WHOLE BELORUSIAN NATION

March, 22, 1943 a group of fascists under Dirlewanger's command surrounded the village Khatyn. All the inhabitants of Khatyn - women, old men and children – were driven to a shed and burnt. Doo rs of the shed failed under pressure of flaring bodies. But it was rather difficult and almost impossible to rescue. Those who were trying to escape from this fiery ring were immediately shot. 149 men, and among them 76 children were forever lain in one communal grave.

An only person from adult inhabitants who rescued was Joseph Kaminsky. He laid near his son’s body for a long time and was covered with wounds and burns. Only two days after people picked him up, hid and cured him. The sculptor Sergey Selikhanov saw in I.I. Kaminsky a prototype of his

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