Новые достижения в химии и химической технологии растительного сырья. Материалы II всероссийской конференции [2005]

!"#$%!&!'!()*+$, -).!-(#$)., / ".!$)0 '#-! )% 12 ") 22 !1)-(#$)- *,2 #"!$!' ! ").!2)., / ".!$)0 '#-! )% 14 ") 20 !1)-(#$)*,2 1*#$3- #*, + %+45# 6/%+$)*.#$) !2 4)7-)$#$%$)# /))%$)8#$!#. 9 %+:.!'+2 1 ! 2 /*#"#$, "+$$,# -) /)"#(5+$!; -).!-(#$).)* ! ").!2).)* * -).,$! (+1.!<$,2 *!")* ! !2 /)/%+*6. (9 %+:.!'# 2 64+1+$, )/$)*$,# -).!- -(#$).3$,# 4)7-)$#$%,, /)/%+*.=;>!# $# 7#$## 10% ! ").!2).,, *4.+" 4)%)(,2 $# 7#$## 5% )% ):>#0 -).!!1)-(#$)!"$)0 &(+4'!!.)

?+:.!'+ 1. @)"#(5+$!# -).!-(#$).)* ! ").!2).)* * -).,$!

?+:.!'+ 2. A/$)*$,# 4)7-)$#$%, -).!!1)-(#$)!")* -).,$!

446

!" #$%&'( )'*+,, -#, +'".,/ 0,*/12$+'/ 0344$1+,5 6,&''",61/- +,'*+,5 71$.('' .,46/+0'13/#08 ) %,&9:'+0#)/ '00&/*,)$++;< )'*,) 6,&;+' );0,.'4 0,*/12$+'/4 %',&,='-/0.' $.#')+;< 6,&''",61/- +,'*,) *,&'<,&,). >, 0,*/12$+'? 6,0&/*+'< #$.'/ )'*;, .$.

Artemisia dracunculus, Artemisia schrenkiana, Artemisia obtusiloba, Artemisia abrotanum, 61/),0<,*8# %,&9:'+0#), *13='< 1$0#'#/&9+;< '0#,-+'.,), $ Artemisia sublessingiana ' 2'),#+;/ '0#,-+'.'. @0+,)- +;4' .,46,+/+#$4' 6,&'61/+,&,) ' *,&'<,&,) 8)&8?#08 0,/*'+/+'8 0 15–17 '",61/+,);4' ")/+984'. A&8 '*/+#'7'.$('' '06,&9",)$+; 0#$+*$1#+;/ ,%1$"(; 6,&'61/+,&,) '" Abies sibirica ' *,&'<,&,) '" Hippophae rhamnoides 0 30#$+,)&/++;4 .,46,+/+#+;4 0,0#$),4.

!"#$%& '#()*+(,*+

1.B'*;1,)$ C.D., E$<'*,8#,) B.F. >,&'61/+,&; 1$0#/+'5 ' '< %',&,='-/- 0.$8 $.#')+,0#9 // B'4'8 61'1,*+;< 0,/*'+/+'5. 2002. G2. H. 87–98.

2.Swiežewska E., Sasak W., Mankowski T., Jankowski W., Vogtman T., Krajewska I., Hertel J., Skoczylas E., Chojnacki T. The search for plant polyprenols // Acta Biochim. Polon. 1994. V. 41. P. 221–260.

-./0-123./4 5 .67.897 -1.0:5.8!659 -12-91969 «3.5.!0/» 0 ;<!619<697 39 07 .!3.52

6.-. <,=+, /.>. .?$@==#&%?+, 9.A. B#C#*@)?, 2.5. A+'DE#=

!"#"$%&%'$(%) %*$+%+,+ "'-.*%/0$(") 1%2%% %2. !.!. 3"'"45"#. 67 89!, :'. .(.;. <.#'0*+=0#., 9,

!"#"$%&%'$(, 630090 (8"$$%>) E-mail: kukina@nioch.nsc.ru

>,);:/++;5 '+#/1/0, 61,8)&8/4;5 . I.0#1$.#')+;4 )/J/0#)$4 <),5+;< 1$0#/+'5 0 +$-$&$ 61,:&,=, )/.$, ,%30&,)&/+ );0,.,5 %',&,- ='-/0.,5 $.#')+,0#9? 1$"&'-+;< .&$00,) 0,/*'+/+'5, 61'03#0#)3?- J'< ) I.0#1$.#$<. C$18*3 0 '00&/*,)$+'84', +$61$)&/++;4' +$ 1$"1$- %,#.3 61/6$1$#,) 7$14$.,&,='-/0.,=,, 6$17?4/1+,-.,04/#'-/0.,=,, #/<+'-/0.,=, ' 1/6/&&/+#+,=, +$"+$-/+'8 [1–6], 6,0#,8++, 1$0:'18/#- 08 ' 0,)/1:/+0#)3/#08 $00,1#'4/+# 61/6$1$#,) *&8 0/&90.,=, <,"850#- )$. K '< -'0&, )<,*8# 1/6/&&/+#; ,# =1;"3+,) +$ ,0+,)/ I.0#1$.#,) 0;198 Pinus [7], 1/6/&&/+#; ,# .1,),0,03J'< +$0/.,4;< *&8 .136+,=,

447

!"#$%"#" &'"%$ ($ "&(")* &*&')+%*!,*("+-") .)"/(0., ,+1*)0* -"2$)- '+ -34 &*35&'"."64/&%)*((0. 7+)"%(0., )'389$81+* ,"3++6",!*("- +-(0* &,+!%0 [8].

:&"2"* ;*&%" ) <%"; !4-= &"&%$)348% ,!*,$!$%0 !"&%"&%+;=3+- !=81*#" + >=(#+?+-("#" -*/&%)+4 ($ "&(")* 3+,+-(0. '"(?*(%!$%") +6 -!*)*&("/ 6*3*(+ (@A) ,+.%0 Abies sibirica. :-+( +6 ,*!)0. ,!*,$- !$%") 203 6$,$%*(%")$( ) '"(?* ,!"B3"#" )*'$ ,"- ($6)$(+*; «CDEF» [9]. G,"&3*-&%)++ ) !*6=35%$%* =&")*!B*(&%)")$(+4 %*.("3"#++ !$6!$- 2"%$( ,!*,$!$% «H")"&+3»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«K$&%&%+;», )'389$81+/ (*/%!$35(0* '";,"(*(%0 @A ,+.%0 [10]. J"-)+-+;";=, '!=# ,"%*(?+$35(" ,!+#"-(0. -34 &*35&'"#" ."64/&%)$ ,!*,$!$%") ($ "&(")* <'&%!$'%") + >!$'?+/ +6 @A ,+.%0 (* +&9*!,0)$- *%&4 3+,+-$;+ '+&3"#" + (*/%!$35("#" .$!$'%*!$.

J!"+6)"-&%)" ,!*,$!$%$ «H")"&+3»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

L!"% %$'7* ,!*-&%$)34*% 6($9+%*35(0/ +(%*!*& ) &)46+ & %*;, 9%" ,!+;*(4*;0* ,!+ ,!"+6)"-&%)* ,!*,$!$%$ «H")"&+3» ) !$63+9(0. )$-

448

!"#$"%& '(&)*+*,"-(./*,* 0!*$(..# !#.'1*!"'(+", *2(.0(-"1#% *0'"- 3#+4)*( "51+(-()"( '!"'(!0()*16& /".+*', .78(.'1())* *'+"-#9'.% 0* *')*:()"9 / ;/.'!#/$"" 3#+*0*+%!)6& #$('"+"!*1#))6& 0*+""5*- 0!()*"<*1 "+" .+*=)6& ;>"!*1 >"'*.'(!")*1 . #+">#'"-(./"3" /"-

.+*'#3". ?+% *0'"3"5#$"" 0!*"51*<.'1# 0!(0#!#'*1 .(+4./*&*5%@.'- 1())*,* )#5)#-()"% )(*2&*<"3# !(.7!.*1(<-(./#% *$()/# .*<(!=#)"% ABC 1 '(&)*+*,"-(./"& *'&*<#&.

D*;'*37 $(+4 )#:(@ !#2*'6 – /*+"-(.'1())#% *$()/# .*<(!=#)"% 0*+"0!()*+*1 1* 1.(& 1"<#& *'&*<*1 0!*"51*<.'1# 0!(0#!#'# «E*1*-

."+» 0* .!#1)()"9 . )#'"1)63 .6!4(3, "57-()"( ;/.'!#,"!798(@ .0*-

.*2)*.'" !#5+"-)6& !#.'1*!"'(+(@ 0* *')*:()"9 / #$('"+"!*1#))63 0*+"0!()*+#3 0"&'6, 0*+7-()"( /*)$()'!#'*1 0*+"0!()*+*1. ?+% ;'*- ,* 0!" 0*3*8" .0($"#+4)* !#5!#2*'#))*@ 3('*<"/", 1/+9-#98(@ CFGH . 1)(:)"3 .'#)<#!'*3, *0!(<(+()* .*<(!=#)"( #$('#'*1 0*+"- 0!()*+*1 1 ;/.'!#/'#& )#'"1)*@ " *'!#2*'#))*@ <!(1(.)*@ 5(+()" 0"&- '6 !#5+"-)63" ;/.'!#,()'#3". I'#)<#!' 3*=(' ".0*+45*1#'4.% " 1 /#- -(.'1( 1)7'!())(,*, '#/ /#/ (,* 1!(3% 7<(!="1#)"% )( .*10#<#(' . *0- !(<(+%(363" /*30*)()'#3".

C /#-(.'1( ".&*<)*,* .6!4% <+% "57-()"% <")#3"/" ;/.'!#/$"" ".0*+45*1#+" )#'"1)79 <!(1(.)79 5(+()4 (?J-0) 0"&'6, 16.7:())79 0!" /*3)#')*@ '(30(!#'7!( )# 1*5<7&( <* *.'#'*-)*@ 1+#=)*.'" 7– 10% " "53(+4-())79 )# :)(/*1*@ <!*2"+/( 0!*36:+())*,* *2!#5$# <* !#53(!# -#.'"$ 0,5–2 33. I6!4( 5#,*'*1+()* 1 3#( 2003 ,. 1 K#.+%- )")./*3 !#@*)( E*1*."2"!./*@ *2+#.'". C'*!*@ *2!#5($ .6!4% 26+ 5#,*'*1+() 1 .()'%2!( 2003 ,, " 0!*;/.'!#,"!*1#) 1*<)63 "5*0!*0"+*- 163 .0"!'*3 1 7.+*1"%& '(&)*+*,"-(./*,* !(,+#3()'# 0!*"51*<.'1# #)#+*,# 0!(0#!#'# «E*1*."+» (?J-LDI). M!*3( '*,*, 1 !#2*'( ".0*+4- 5*1#+*.4 .6!4( ?J-0, 0!*;/.'!#,"!*1#))*( 3('"+-'!('-27'"+*163 ;>"- !*3 (?J-KNAF), 1*<*@ (?J-E2O) " 1*<)*-;'#)*+4)*@ .3(.49 (?J- EtOH+H2O). C ;/.0(!"3()'#& )#1(./# .6!4% 100 , 5#,!7=#+#.4 1 0!*- '*-)6@ 0(!/*+%'*!, 5#+"1#+#.4 0*!$"(@ ;/.'!#,()'#, )#,!('*,* <* 50 ºC, )#.'#"1#+#.4, " ;/.'!#/' .+"1#+.% -(!(5 )"=)"@ /!#). D!" .3()( !#.'1*!"'(+% *.'#'*/ ;/.'!#/'# 7<#+%+" "5 0(!/*+%'*!# 0!*<71/*@ 1*5- <7 0*< "526'*-)63 <#1+()"(3. D*!$"" ;/.'!#/'# 160#!"1#+" )# !*'*!)*3 ".0#!"'(+( <*.7 <+% *0!(<(+()"% 3#..*1*,* 16&*<# ;/.- '!#/'"1)6& 1(8(.'1. L5 /#=<*@ >!#/$"" 2!#+" 0!*27 <+% *0!(<(+()"%

.*<(!=#)"% 0*+""5*0!()*"<*1.

449

450

!"#$#%&'()' *+,%)-. 2

!*++,- .*/012 345*6,7*8., 9.4 +*1/40:;*< =.-3-+: 1670-9-+1< 34011643>-+41?47 ?4=.1@*-.=< =.A3-+9*.4B C5=.>*521-B = 1=340:647*- +1-D +* +*9*0:+4B =.*?11 340<>+4@4 >*=.74>1.-0<.

!"#$%'%&

1.)451>5* E.E., (*+1+* E.E., F-D-><+51+ %.E. 1 ?>. // G1D154- H*>D*2-7.19-=51B IA>+*0. 1989. J2. ). 144.

2.(*.-+. J2053992 KL / K*0?A@1+ E.M., NA51+* $.(., O12-+54 $.M. 1 ?>. 1996.

3.M.=. 1650681 )))K / E.'. K4P1+, Q.M. N404?,+=5*<, '.). (*70A25*< 1 ?>. 1991.

4.E*=10:-7 ).R., K4P1+ E.'., E,>4?47 E.M. )4=.*7 C5=.>*5.17+,S 7-P-=.7 ?>-7-=+4B 6-0-+1 =4=+, 4/,5+47-++4B. #., 1991. ). 72.

5.K4P1+ E.'., N404?,+=5*< Q.M., K*0?A@1+ E.M. // G1D1< 3>1>4?+,S =4-?1-

+-+1B. 1984. J1. ). 114.

6.E*=10:-7 ).R., K4P1+ E.'., T@4?1+ E.'. // K*=.1.-0:+,- >-=A>=,. 1993.

J1. ). 117.

7.K4P1+ E.'. )4=.*7, =.>4-+1- 1 /1404@19-=5*< *5.17+4=.: .->3-+41?47 16 ?>-7-=+4B 6-0-+1 S74B+,S >*=.-+1B: !1=. ... ?45.4>* S1D. +*A5, )(/., 1995.

8.NA91+ M.E., N*>D*+47* Q.(., N4>40-7* M.M. // G1D1< 7 1+.->-=*S A=.4B9174@4 >*671.1<. 1997. J1. ). 7–20.

9.(*.-+. J2108803 (K4==1<) / E.M. K*0?A@1+, M.U. !>A@*+47, E.(. N01D47 1 ?>.

V3A/0. 20.04.98. // %'. J11.

10.(*.-+. J2199861 (K4==1<) / E.#. W-5A>47, V.E. #1;A547*, M.U. !>A@*+47 1 ?>. // V3A/0. 10.03.03. %'. J7.

451

!"#$%&!% '!(!$%)*+,+ )+)-./. *+0&%1 *+2%%$&!*. $.1&+,+ ) 2+(+345 '0+(.-+-(.))-)2%*-0+(%-0!!

+.!. )6789:;<=61, >.(. 2<;?<=@;:A1, !./. &BCBDE?B9;<1, ).F. &BCBDE?B9;<2, (.2. 2<7<=:9;62, &.G. )676HEIJ:9<=1

1!"#"$%&%'$(%) %*$+%+,+ "'-.*%/0$(") 1%2%% %2. !.!. 3"'"45"#. 67 89!, :'. .(.;. <.#'0*+=0#., 9,

!"#"$%&%'$(, 630090 (8"$$%>) E-mail: niv@nioch.nsc.ru

2?0*+'.@=*A) $%&%'$(%) &"+.*%/0$(%) $.; 67 89!, ,@. B"@"+";"@%*$(.>, 101, !"#"$%&%'$(, 630090 (8"$$%>)

! "#$%#& '(()*+,-#.'/ "*+%'& ' '(0"*1)/*$2& "#(0*.'3 4#5#+.,3 6'1'"' .#$' .#7#0, +*0#)8.,* '9:7*.'* &'$'7*(%,;, (,(0#-# %,5**7-

.'%# 7#3.,;, (Hedysarum theinum Krasnob.). <,5**7.'% 7#3.23 (.#",+-

.,* .#9-#.'* – %"#(.23 ')' «1*),=.23», $*+-*>'3 %,"*.8) – "*+%'3 -2(,%,;,".23 #)85'3(%'3 -'+, '$*?@'3 +'9A?.%0'-.23 B*.0"#)8.,- #9'#0(%'3, ?>.,('1'"(%'3 #"*#). C#'1,)** 7#(0, ,. -(0"*7#*0(/ - "#3,.#& ( ;:$'+.2$ %)'$#0,$ .'>.*3 7#(0' -2(,%,;,".,;, 5,/(#: .# (:1#)85'3(%'& ' #)85'3(%'& ):;#&, %#$*.'(02& (%),.#&, )*(.2& 5,)/-

.#& - %*+",-,-)'(0-*..,$ "*+%,)*(8*. ! 5,()*+.** -"*$/ %,5**7.'% 7#3.23 #%0'-., 5"'$*./*0(/ 5"' '9;,0,-)*.'' "#9)'7.2& 1',+,1#-,%, 1,)8='* ,1A*$2 9#;,0,-%' ' $*+)*..#/ (%,",(08 -,9,1.,-)*.'/ (0#-'0 D0,0 -'+ .# ;"#.8 '(7*9.,-*.'/.

E,+",1.23 &'$'7*(%'3 (,(0#- %,".*3 %,5**7.'%# 7#3.,;, "#.**

.* 12) '9:7*.. F$*?0(/ +#..2* , 0,$, 70, $*0#.,)8.23 D%(0"#%0 5,+- 9*$.,3 7#(0' %,5**7.'%# 7#3.,;, 5"' -9#'$,+*3(0-'' ( -#.')'.,$ ' (,)/.,3 %'(),0,3 +#*0 ;":55,-:? "*#%B'? .# ,)';,$*".2* 5",#.0,- B'#.'+'.2. ! .#(0,/@*3 "#1,0* 5"' :(0#.,-)*.'' &'$'7*(%,;, (,(0#- -# "#(0*.'/ '(5,)89,-#)' &",$#0,-$#((-(5*%0",$*0"'7*(%'3 $*0,+ #.#)'9#, 5,9-,)/?@'3 '+*.0'G'B'",-#08 %,$5,.*.02 1*9 -2+*)*.'/ - '.+'-'+:#)8.,$ -'+*.

H)/ '9:7*.'/ 12)# -21"#.# 5,5:)/B'/ %,5**7.'%# 7#3.,;,, 5",- '9"#(0#?@*;, - ,50'$#)8.2& D%,),;,-B*.,0'7*(%'& :(),-'/&: (:1#)8- 5'3(%,* 0"#-/.,* "*+%,)*(8*, 2000 $ .#+ :.$., <,";,.(%'3 &"*1*0, I*(- 5:1)'%# J)0#3, 2003 ;. E),0.,(08 B*.,5,5:)/B'' (,(0#-)/*0 3,2 ,(,1'

452

!" 1 #$"%&"'!() *+'&. ,(-" ./0&"!" 1/%2+*!"3 4".'5 /./0+) 6+!+&"- '7$!(8 $/2&".'!(8 ./.'/3!7) g2 7 g3. 92*+-54+!!(+ $/2%:;!/-.:87+ #/&!7 #/1++4!7#" 4")!/6/ <#.'&"67&/$"-7 1/.-+%/$"'+-5!/ 6+#."!/* ($(8/% <#.'&"#'" – 0,24%), %7<'7-/$(* <=7&/* (0,19%), <'7-">+'"'/* (0,51%) 7 <'7-/$(* .17&'/* (5,46%).

?-3 &"2%+-+!73 !" #7.-:@ 7 !+)'&"-5!:@ 4".'5, 6+#."!/$() <#.- '&"#' 1/.-+%/$"'+-5!/ <#.'&"67&/$"-7 2% &".'$/&/* NaHCO3 (<#.- '&"#' !1), 2% &".'$/&/* Na2CO3 (!2), 5% &".'$/&/* NaOH (!3). A1&+- %+-+!7+ #/*1/!+!'/$ .*+.+) 1&/$/%7-7 . 7.1/-52/$"!7+* 070-7/'+#7 *"..-.1+#'&/$ 1&7&/%!(8 ./+%7!+!7) BCD9 E9AF (1 '(.. ./+%7!+-

!7)) 7 070-7/'+#7 *"..-.1+#'&/$ «Wiley/NBS. Registry of Mass Spectral Data» (400 '(.. ./+%7!+!7)). G/.-+ *+'7-7&/$"!73 =&"#>7) %7"2/*+- '"!/*, 1/ %"!!(* 8&/*"'/-*"..-.1+#'&/*+'&77, #/-74+.'$+!!() ./-

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

.7'/.'+&/- 7 .'76*".'-4-+!-3-/!. E7 $ /%!/) 72 =&"#>7) !1–!4 !+ /'- *+4+!/ !"-7473 =+!/-5!(8 ./+%7!+!7).

H ./.'"$+ <#.'&"#'" %7<'7-/$(* <=7&/* ("#) 1&7 "!"-72+ *+'/- %/* 8&/*"'/-*"..-.1+#'&/*+'&77 /0!"&:I+!( #"# I7&!(+ #7.-/'(, '"# 7 72/=-"$/!/7%( – *+%7#"&17!, $+.'7'/-, =/&*/!/!+'7! ('"0-. 3). G&/$/%7'.3 $(%+-+!7+ 72/=-"$/!/7%/$ $ 7!%7$7%:"-5!/* $7%+.

92 <'7-">+'"'!/6/ <#.'&"#'" /0&"0/'#/) 5% &".'$/&/* Na2CO3 0(-" $(%+-+!" #7.-"3 4".'5 #1, ./%+&I"J"3 6+#."%+#"!/$:@, -7!/-+- $:@ 7 /-+7!/$:@ #7.-/'(, " '"#I+ =/&*/!/!+'7! 1/ %"!!(* 8&/*"'/- *"..-.1+#'&/*+'&77 ('"0-. 4). A.'"'/# 1/.-+ <#.'&"#>77 #2 ./%+&I7' =+!/-5!(+ ./+%7!+!73 &3%" 0:'7-=+!/-", " '"#I+ 72/=-"$/!/7%( – *+%7#"&17!, $+.'7'/-, =/&*/!/!+'7! ('"0-. 5).

453

!"#$%&" 1. '()*"+ ,-".&%% /2*

454

!"#$%&" 4. '()*"+ ,-".&%% /1*

@-%:0A"2%6. * ? *"#$%&"B 1 – 5 >-%+0102C .(:>(202*C, )(10-3"2%0 .(*(-CB >-0+CD"0* 2,0%. ** '(01%202%6 %102*%,%&%-(+"2C 2" ()2(+0 )(+>"102%6 :"))-)>0.*-(+ )( )>0.*-":% #%#$%(*0.% Wiley, #0E <A0*" +-0:02% <10-3%+"2%6.

!"#$%'%&

1.F;",(2(+" 8.?., ?($(1"-)."6 '.G. // H")*%*0$I2C0 -0)<-)C. 2000. !. 36.

?C>. 4. '. 47–52.

455