Dictionary of Literary Influences
.pdfWright, Wilbur and Orville
and the impending book, Wright consulted nineteenth-century travelogues, including America Castro’s Structure of Spanish History (Fabre 1973, 411).
Archives
Richard Wright Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, New Haven, Conn. This collection includes drafts of Wright’s published works and unpublished works. It also includes letters written by Wright and to Wright.
Printed Sources
Gates, Henry Louis, and K. A. Appiah (eds.). Richard Wright: Critical Perspectives Past and Present (New York: Amistad, 1993).
Fabre, Michael. Richard Wright: Books and Writers ( Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1990).
———. The Unfinished Quest of Richard Wright, Isabel Barzan (trans.), (New York: William Morrow, 1973).
Kinnamon, Keneth, and Michel Fabre, (eds.). Conversations with Richard Wright ( Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1993).
Walker, Margaret. Richard Wright Daemonic Genius: A Portrait of a Man (New York: Warner Books, 1988).
Webb, Constance. Richard Wright: A Biography (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1968). Wright, Ellen, and Michel Fabre (eds.). Richard Wright Reader (New York: Da Capo, 1997).
Tara D. Green
WRIGHT, WILBUR (1867–1912) AND ORVILLE (1871–1948)
Wilbur and Orville Wright were born to Bishop Milton Wright of the United Brethren in Christ Church and his wife, Susan, and grew up in Dayton, Ohio, together with their sister Katharine. Neither brother graduated from high school. They first operated a printing business (and invented a process for folding newspapers) and later, beginning in 1892, a bicycle shop. While recovering from a bout of typhoid fever in 1896, Wilbur Wright read of the death of German flight pioneer Otto Lilienthal in a gliding accident. He and his brother decided to learn about the work done to date on solving the problem of heavier-than-air flight. They then conducted their first glider experiments at Kitty Hawk, N.C., in 1900. By late 1902, they had assembled new information based on their own experiments, which included construction of a wind tunnel to understand why some theoretical calculations had not proven correct during glider trials. This experience laid the groundwork for the design of their first powered airplane, the Flyer I, which Orville successfully piloted on December 17, 1903. The following three years, they perfected their flying technique and, in 1906, received a patent for the plane. In 1908, they became the subject of public attention with demonstrations at Ft. Myers, Virginia, and in France, where they achieved several world records. Demonstrations continued in the following years, and the brothers spent much time selling their patent and taking to court other pioneers who had copied their wing-warping principle, which allowed controlled turns. Orville died unexpectedly of typhoid fever in 1912, and Wilbur retired from flying. In 1913, he won the Collier trophy for a device to automatically balance airplanes. Two years later, he sold his interest in the Wright Company. In 1929, he received the first Daniel Guggenheim Medal for his and Wilbur’s contributions to the advancement of aeronautics. He died in 1947.
570
Wright, Wilbur and Orville
As youths, Orville and Wilbur read avidly from their father’s book collection, housed in two libraries in their home (the theology library was upstairs in their father’s study, the general library downstairs). The progressive attitude of their parents meant the boys had access to all readings, which included Darwin’s Origin of Species, Plutarch’s Lives, James Boswell’s Life of Samuel Johnson, Edward Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, and books by Sir Walter Scott and Nathaniel Hawthorne. The brothers also read anthologies, such as J. L. Cornstock’s An Introduction to the Study of Botany (1857) and Sidney Norton’s The Elements of Natural Philosophy (1870). The family also owned an Encyclopedia Britannica and the Chamber’s Encyclopedia. This abundant exposure to reading influenced the brothers’ capacity to assimilate large amounts of information and become self-taught in a number of trades.
In fact, many of the books the Wrights kept in their own library contain underlined passages and remarks in the margins, especially the aviation volumes that they acquired or received throughout their lives. When they first began researching flight, the brothers read classics of early aviation that had been recommended by the Smithsonian Institution, including English summaries of Lilienthal’s The Problem of Flying and Practical Experiments in Soaring (1894), which the brothers acknowledged as their greatest inspiration, and of Jules Marey’s Animal Mechanism (1874). They also read Samuel P. Langley’s Experiments in Aerodynamics (1891); Louis Mouillard’s Empire of the Air (1881), which they termed “one of the most remarkable pieces of aeronautical literature”; Octave Chanute’s Progress in Flying Machines (1891); and the Aëronautical Annual volumes of 1895, 1896, and 1897. The writings of Chanute, Lilienthal, and Mouillard convinced them, as they later recalled in The Century Magazine (September 1908), of the advantage of experimenting first with gliders before switching to expensive powered airplanes.
Archives
Library of Congress Manuscripts Division, papers of the Wright brothers; papers of Octave Chanute.
Wright State University Libraries, papers of the Wright brothers, 1881–1948, including part of their personal library. (http://www.libraries.wright.edu/special/wright_brothers/ ms1_scope.html)
Printed Sources
Combs, Harry B. Kill Devil Hill: Discovering the Secret of the Wright Brothers (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1979).
Crouch, Tom. The Bishop’s Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989).
———. A Dream of Wings: Americans and the Airplane 1875–1905 (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 1989).
Howard, Fred. Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987).
Jakab, Peter L. Visions of a Flying Machine (Washington, D.C., Smithsonian, 1990).
Jakab, Peter L., and Rick Young (eds.). The Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright
(Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 2000).
Kelly, Fred C. Miracle at Kitty Hawk: The Letters of Wilbur and Orville Wright (New York: Da Capo Press, 1996).
———. The Wright Brothers: A Biography (New York: Dover, 1989).
Guillaume de Syon
571
INDEX
Page numbers in bold indicate the individual’s own entry.
Abba, Marta, 431 |
Ade, George, 359 |
the Press, 7; Politicians and the |
Abbott, Billy, 560 |
Adelphi, 407, 408 |
War, 7 |
ABC, 178 |
Adenauer, Konrad, 4–6, 70, |
Akhmatova, Anna, 8–9, 79, |
Abel, Theodora Mead, 357 |
126, 302 |
183. Works: “Autobiographi- |
Acevedo Diaz, Eduardo, 448 |
Adler, Alfred, 40, 223, 350, 433. |
cal Prose;” 8, Evening, 8; |
Achebe, Chinua, 1–2, 209. |
Works: The Nervous Charac- |
Rosary, 8; My Half Century, 8 |
Works: Anthill of the Savan- |
ter, 166; Understanding |
Alacro, Geraldo, 224 |
nah, 1; Arrow of God, 1; A |
Human Nature, 166 |
Alain. See Chartier, Emile |
Man of the People, 1; No |
Adler, Dankmar, 567 |
Alberti, Rafael, 178, 264, 265 |
Longer at Ease, 1; Things Fall |
Adorno, Theodor, 345, 473 |
Albritton, David, 410 |
Apart, 1 |
Advocate, 142 |
Alcott, Louisa May: Little Men, |
Ackerman, Forest J., Famous |
Ady, Endre, 301 |
458; Little Women, 40, 497 |
Monsters of Filmland, 490 |
AE (George Russell), 399 |
Aleichem, Sholem, 358 |
Acton, Harold, 543 |
Aegidi, Ludwig Karl, 548 |
Alexander, James Waddell II, |
Acton, John Emerich Dalberg, |
Aeronautical Annual, 571 |
387 |
Lord, 105, 522 |
Aeschylus, 119, 125, 262. |
Alexander (the Great), xv |
Actualidad Económica, 275 |
Works: Oedipus, 429; |
Alexander III, 314 |
Adam, Villiers de Lisle, 125 |
Oresteia, 200, 291, 403; The |
Alexis, Willibald, 548 |
Adams, Henry, 68; The Educa- |
Persians, 466; Prometheus, 291 |
Alfonso XIII, 274 |
tion of Henry Adams, 64 |
Aesop, 67 |
Alger, Horatio, 115, 139, 452, |
Adams, John, 434 |
Afanasyev, Alexander, Russian |
481, 498. Works: From Canal |
Adams, John Quincy, Diary, |
Folktales, 504 |
Boy to President, 454; Phil, the |
434 |
African Communities League, |
Fiddler, 454; The River Boys, |
Adams, Samuel Hopkins, |
192 |
454 |
“Night Bus,” 92 |
Aganbegyan, Abel, 208 |
Algonquin Round Table, 52 |
Addams, Jane, 3–4. Works: |
Agee, James, 135; Let us Now |
Algren, Nelson, 39 |
Democracy and Social Ethics, |
Praise Famous Men, 96 |
Ali, Duse Mohammed, African |
81; Hull House Maps and |
Aitken, William Maxwell, Lord |
Times and Orient Review, 192 |
Papers, 4; A New Conscience |
Beaverbrook, 6–8. Works: |
Ali, Muhammad, 9–10, 338 |
and an Ancient Evil, 64; Peace |
The Decline and Fall of Lloyd |
Ali, Noble Drew, 376 |
and Bread in Time of War, 4; |
George, 7; Men and Power, |
Allen, Grant, 416 |
Twenty Years at Hull-House, 4 |
1917–1918, 7; Politicians and |
Allen, Paul, 194 |
573
Index
Allende, Isabel, 10–11. Works: |
Caged Bird Sings, 14; “On the |
Aronson, Harvey, 497 |
Daughter of Fortune, 10; The |
Pulse of Morning,” 14 |
Arp, Jean, 20–21 |
House of Spirits, 10; Love and |
Angioliere, Cecco, 430 |
Arrospide, Cesar, 224 |
Shadows, 10, Portrait in Sepia, |
Annalen der Physik, 158 |
Artaud, Antonin, 76 |
10; The Stories of Eva Luna, |
Annales, 56, 71, 72 |
Aschaffenburg, Gustav, 277 |
10, 11 |
Annals of Xahil, 21 |
Ashton, Frederick, 394 |
Allgemeine Zeitschrift fur Psychi- |
Annensky, Annokenty, 8 |
Ashvaaghosa, The Life of Bud- |
atrie, 277 |
Anouilh, Jean, 49, 410 |
dha, 292 |
Almqvist, Jonas Love, 49 |
Anselm of Canterbury, 34 |
Asimov, Isaac, 490 |
Alsopf, Kenneth, 37 |
Ansen, Alan, 87 |
Asnyk, Adam, 414 |
Alterman, Nathan, 48 |
Anthony, Susan B., 123, 469 |
Asquith, Raymond, 289 |
Althusser, Louis, 204 |
Antoniolli, Walter, 540 |
Asturias, Miguel Angel, 21–22. |
Althusser, Pierre, 130 |
Antonioni, Michaelangelo, 509 |
Works: Hombres de maiz, 21; |
Altmeier, Peter, 302 |
Apollinaire, Guillaume, 15–16, |
El papa verde, 21; El Señor |
Amado, Jorge, 11–12. Works: |
67, 76, 103, 144, 340, 365, |
Presidente, 21; Weekend in |
Captains of the Sands, 11; |
428, 494, 531. Works: The |
Guatemala, 21 |
Clove and Cinnamon, 11; Dona |
Cubist Painters—Aesthetic |
Athanasius, 34 |
Flor and Her Two Husbands, |
Meditations, 103; Le poete |
Atlantic Monthly, 94 |
11; Gabriela, 11; The Two |
assassine, 15; Zone, 144 |
Atlases, 461 |
Deaths of Quincas Wateryell, |
Apostles, The (Cambridge), |
Attlee, Clement, 22–24, 111, |
11; The Violent Land, 11 |
294, 502, 553 |
337, 510 |
Ambrose, 434 |
Appleton’s Cyclopedia, 124 |
Attridge, Derek, 131 |
America, Mary, 454 |
Apuleius, 353 |
Atwood, Margaret, 24–25. |
American Civil Liberties |
Aquinas, Thomas, 153, 269, |
Works: The Handmaid’s Tale, |
Union, 3 |
273, 276, 353, 361, 397, 475, |
429; Survival, 24 |
American Heritage, 320 |
522, 532; Summa Theologica, |
Auden, Wystan Hugh, 24, |
Amiel, Henri Frédéric, 371, |
208, 328 |
25–26, 53, 77, 79, 229, 364, |
Amiel’s Journal, 200 |
Arabian Nights, 10, 103, 200, |
504, 513, 517. Works: “The |
Amin, Idi, 487 |
249, 461; Sinbad, 422 |
Age of Anxiety,” 25; “For the |
Amsterdam News, 451 |
Aragon, Louis, 20, 21, 75, 121, |
Time Being,” 25; “Septem- |
Andersen, Hans Christian, |
365, 428; Le creve-coeur, 368 |
ber 1, 1939,” 25; “The Shield |
481 |
Arciniegas, German, 448 |
of Achilles,” 25 |
Andersen-Nexo, Martin, 69 |
Ardigò, Roberto, 118; Positivist |
Auerbach, Berhold, 332 |
Anderson, Lale, Der Himmel |
Morality, 378 |
Augustine, 34, 118, 125, 193, |
hat viele Farben, 167 |
Arendt, Hannah, 16–18, 240; |
239, 240, 267, 361, 389, 397, |
Anderson, Maxwell, Valley |
“The Concept of Love in St. |
530, 565; Confessions, 123, |
Forge, 92 |
Augustine,” 17 |
200, 459 |
Anderson, Poul, The Twilight |
Arevalo, Juan José, 21 |
Austen, Jane, 24, 32, 109, 175, |
World, 88 |
Arguedas, José María, 224, 325. |
327, 337, 373, 399, 466, 500, |
Anderson, Sherwood, 65, 399, |
Works: Todas Las Sangres, |
518 |
467, 494, 499; Winesburg, |
224; El Zorro de ariba e el |
Avanti!, 379 |
Ohio, 169, 241 |
zorro de a baja, 224 |
Avedon, Richard, 19 |
Andopov, Yuri, 207 |
Ariosto, Ludovico, 405; Orlando |
Avenarius, Richard, 93 |
Andreyev, Leonid, 403 |
Furioso, 430 |
Avison, Margaret, 24 |
Andric´, Ivo, 12–13. Works: |
Aristophanes, 147, 299, 523 |
Awoonor, Kofi, 209 |
Bosnian Chronicle, 13; The |
Aristotle, 50, 147, 239, 273, |
Azuela, Mariano, The Under- |
Bridge on the Drina, 12; “The |
276, 284, 312, 332, 353, 433, |
dogs, 448 |
Development of Spiritual |
459, 498, 521 |
|
Life in Bosnia under the |
Armstrong, Louis, 18–20 |
Babbage, Charles, 387 |
Influence of Turkish Rule,” |
Arndt, Arthur, 433 |
Babel, Isaac, 316, 400; Red Cav- |
12; The Woman from Sara- |
Arndt, Ernest Moritz, 5 |
alry, 11 |
jevo, 13 |
Arnold, Matthew, 68, 255. |
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 196, |
Angell, Norman, The Fruits of |
Works: “The Scholar |
473, 564 |
Victory, 4 |
Gypsy,” 537; Sohrab and Rus- |
Bachelard, Baston, La philoso- |
Angelou, Maya, 13–15. Works: |
tum, 151; “Thyrsis,” 537 |
phie du non, 146 |
All God’s Children Need Trav- |
Arnold, Thomas, 255 |
Bacon, Francis, 353, 483, 500; |
eling Shoes, 15; The Heart of a |
Aron, Raymond, 371, 471; The |
New Atlantis, 484 |
Woman, 14; I Know Why the |
Opium of the Intellectuals, 43 |
Baczko, Bronislaw, 263 |
574
Baden, Max von, 557 Baeck, Leo, 27–28. Works:
“Benedikt de Spinoza’s First Influences on Germany,” 27;
The Essence of Judaism, 28 Baez, Joan, 148
Bagehot, Walter, English Constitution, 563
Bahr, Hermann, 248, 249, 342, 344
Bahro, Rudolf, 346 Baire, René-Louis, 387
Baker, George (Father Divine), 376
Baker, George, Pierce, 402 Baker, Josephine, 29–30 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 30–31, 485 Bakunin, Mikhail, 378 Balabanoff, Angelica, 378 Balanchine, George, 394, 503 Ba˘lcescu, Nicolae, 100 Baldwin, James, 14, 339, 445 Baldwin, Stanley, 31–33, 104,
112
Balfeuf, Marquise de, 113 Baliño, Carlos B., 98 Ball, Hugo, 20
Balmes, Jaime, 50 Balmont, Constantin, 352
Baltimore Morning Herald, 359 Baltimore Sun, 94, 359 Balzac, Honoré, 35, 61, 125,
157, 168, 309, 332, 399, 444, 502, 518, 523, 546, 552. La Comédie humaine, 113, 405; Les Chouans, 340; Les Contes Drolatiques, 299; The Magic Skin, 263
Bambara, Toni Cade, 373 Bandaranaike, Sirimavo, 357 Bang, Herman, 377
Banim, John, 114
Banner, Joseph, The Impersonal Life, 435–36
Baratynsky, Evgeny, 79 Barbey d’Aurevilly, Jules, 418 Barbour, John, 116 Barbusse, Henri, 215 Barker, George, 135 Barlâdea˘nu, Alexandru, 198 Barnefield, Richard, 116 Barney, Nathalie, 40
Baron, David (Harold Pinter), 429
Barrès, Maurice, 44, 125, 529 Barrie, James, 114
Barron, Frank, 312
Barth, Johann Friedrich, 33
Barth, Karl, 33–35, 62, 85, 240, 389, 390, 514, 532. Works:
Barmen Declaration, 34; Church Dogmatics, 34; Epistle to the Romans, 33–34, 147; The Word of God and the Word of Man, 532
Barthes, Roland, 35–36, 418. Works: Elements of Semiolog y, 35; Empire of Signs, 35; The Fashion System, 35; Mythologies, 35; The Pleasure of the Text, 35; Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes, 35; Sade, Fourier, Loyola, 35; S/Z, 35; Writing Degree Zero, 35
Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations,
320
Baruch, Bernard, 36–37
Bashkirtsev, Marie, 39
Bassani, Giorgio, 519
Bataille, Georges, 176
Bateson, Gregory, 356 Bauch, Bruno, 93 Baudelaire, 8, 40, 76, 93, 125,
149, 163, 223, 248, 264, 280, 332, 340, 345, 372, 438, 472, 482, 493, 502, 522, 531, 535;
Les Fleurs du Mal, 436 Bauer, Felice, 280
Bauer, Georg, De Re Metallica,
253
Bauer, Johannes, 85 Bauer, Otto, 84 Baum, Oskar, 280
Baumgarten, Alexander, 118 Baumgarten, Hermann, 548 Baumgartner, Walter, 85 Baykedagn, Gebre Heywet, 228 Bazin, André, 203, 523
Beach, Joseph, 398 Beatles, 37–39
Beauvoir, Simone de, 39–40, 179, 471, 569. Works:
Adieux: A Farewell to Sartre, 39; All Said and Done, 39; L’Amerique au jour le jour, 40; The Ethics of Ambiguity, 39; The Force of Circumstance, 39; Les Mandarins, 39; Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter, 39; The Prime of Life, 39; Pyrrhus et Cenéas, 39; The Second Sex, 39
Bebel, August, 69, 378, 528 Becher, Johannes, 528 Beckett, Samuel, 40–42, 76,
170, 232, 258, 345, 429, 501. Works: “Dante . . . Bruno.
Index
Vico . . . Joyce,” 41; En attendant Godot, 41; Film, 41; Fin de partie, 41; Krapp’s Last Tale, 41; Malone Dies, 41; Molloy, 41; More Kicks than Pricks, 41;
Murphy, 41; “Proust,” 41;
The Unnamable, 41; Watt, 41; Whoroscope, 41
Bécquer, Gustavo Adolfo, 264 Bednyi, Demian, 492 Bedouin, Charles, 482 Beebe, Ford, 307
Beethoven, Ludwig von, 473, 564
Begin, Menachem, 341 Behan, Brendan, 61 Behmann, Heinrich, 93 Behrens, Peter, 220, 313 Beissman, Adolf, 61 Bekker, Ernst, 548 Belafonte, Harry, 451 Belfrage, Leif, 229
Bell, Clive, 256, 463; Vision and Design, 372
Bell, Daniel, 42–44; The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, 43
Bell, Myrta, 319
Bellah, James Warner, 174 Bellamy, Edward, 81. Works:
Looking Backward, 81, 124, 416; Equality, 81
Belleau, Priscilla, 435
Belloc, Hilaire: The Bad Child’s Book of Beasts, 475; Cautionary Tales, 475
Bellyarminov, I., Course of Russian History, 492
Bely, Andrey, 282. Works: Gold on Azure, 352; Petersburg, 382
Bement, Alon, 401
Benchley, Robert, 52
Benda, Julien, 44–45. Works:
Le Bergsonisme, 44–45; Dialogues à Byzance, 44; The Treason of the Intellectuals, 44
Benedek, Elek, 332 Benedek, Marcell, 332
Benedict, Ruth, 350, 356; Patterns of Culture, 356
Beneœ, Edvard, 45–47, 349 Beneœ, Václav, 46
Ben-Gurion, David, 47–48 Benjamin, Walter, 17 Bennett, Arnold, 114, 358 Bennett, Charles, 245 Bennigsen, Rudolf von, 548 Benois, Alexandre, 503
575
Index
Ben Sira, 68 Bentham, Jeremy, 520
Beowulf, 236
Bérard, Victor, Les Phoeniciens et l’Odysee, 273
Berdyaev, Nikolai, 79
Berg, Adalbert vom, Napoleons Leben, 505
Berg, Alban, 437, 473
Berger, Victor L., 124 Bergman, Ingmar, 49–50, 307,
509
Bergmann, Gustav, 93 Bergson, Henri, 44–45, 46,
50–51, 67, 89, 91, 125, 168, 240, 284, 285, 300, 382, 398, 438, 494–95, 530, 544.
Works: Creative Evolution,
71, 169, 182, 427 Berio, Luciano, 154
Berkeley, George, 118, 565 Berkman, Alexander, 468 Berlin, Irving, 51–53 Berlin, Moses, 51
Berman, Louis, The Religion
Called Behaviorism, 484 Bernanos, Georges, 61, 62, 146,
420, 523; Diary of a Country Priest, 123
Bernard, Claude, 51, 118 Bernstein, Aaron, Popular Books
on Physical Science, 157 Bernstein, Eduard, 17, 521 Bernstein, Leonard, 53–54 Berr, Henri, 72
Berry, Walter, 552
Besant, Annie, 416; Thought Power, 547
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von, 54–55
Beyle, Marie Henri (Stendhal), 125, 301, 332, 399, 444, 519. Works: The Charterhouse of Parma, 142, 200–201; The Red and the Black, 375
Bezymensky, Alexander, 492
Bhagavad Gita, 38, 163, 187, 243, 404, 422, 550
Bhutto, Benazir, 461
Bible, xvii, 7, 8, 22, 25, 32, 47, 53, 62, 66, 79, 81, 85, 86, 96, 102, 123, 124, 128, 138, 149, 151, 159, 160, 169, 178, 187, 188, 200, 213, 214, 228, 238, 244, 252, 266, 273, 276, 280, 309, 310, 320, 351, 355, 371, 397, 411, 435, 442, 449, 452, 464, 481, 496, 497, 499, 507,
513, 522, 524, 540, 557, 569; American Revised Standard, 329; Authorized Version (1611), 169, 407; Cain and Abel, 530; New Testament, 59, 85, 128, 230, 363, 388, 389, 483; Old Testament, 48, 54, 66, 106, 128, 169, 182, 193, 269, 363, 483, 555, 548; Sermon on the Mount, 3, 81; Ten Commandments, 28, 81. Books of the Bible: Daniel, 66; Ezekial, 355; Isaiah, 3; Job, 193, 316; Psalms, 123, 536; Matthew, 59, 418; Romans, 193; Song of Songs, 537; Revelation, 537
Biedermann, Alois, 276
Biedermann, Gustav, 548 Bierce, Ambrose, 238, 359 Binet, Alfred, 277; Les altéra-
tions de la personalité, 430 Bion, Wilfred, 41
Biran, Maine de, 51 Bishop, Elizabeth, 398
Bismarck, Otto von, 70, 298, 557
Bissett, Bill (bissett, bill), 24 Blache, Paul Vidal de la, 56 Black, Jack, You Can’t Win, 87 Blake, Robert, Disraeli, 393 Blake, William, 32, 199, 200,
201, 299, 309, 363, 531, 537, 568. Works: “Ah! Sunflower,” 201; The Little Black Boy, 450; “The Sick Rose,” 201; Songs of Innocence and Experience, 201, 513
Blanchot, Maurice, 176 Blanqui, Louis, 368
Blast, 142
Blatchford, Robert, 124; Merrie England, 416
Blavatsky, Elena (Helena) Petrovna, 282, 369. Works:
Leaves of Morya’s Garden, 435; Voice of Silence, 435
Bleuler, Eugen, 276, 427 Blin, Roger, 41
Bliss, William D. P., 81 Bloch, Ernst, 332 Bloch, Joseph, 17
Bloch, Marc, 56–57. Works:
French Rural History, 56, 72; Feudal Society, 56; The Historian’s Craft, 56; Rois et serfs, 56; The Royal Touch, 56, 72; Strange Defeat, 56
Bloch, Robert, 65
Blok, Alexander, 282, 382 Blok, Alexander, 382
Blom, Frans, Tribes and Temples,
372
Blondel, Maurice, 146
Bloy, Léon, 61, 229; The Blood of the Poor, 61
Blue, Yvonne, 483
Blum, Leon, 368 Blumenfeld, Kurt, 17 Blumhardt, Christoph, 34 Blumhardt, Johann Christian,
34
Bluwstein, Rachel, Flowers of Perhaps, 358
Blyton, Enid, 461
Boas, Franz, 317, 356; The Mind of Primitive Man, 356
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 243; The Decameron, 230
Boccioni, Umberto, 103 Bodmer, Frederick, The Loom of
Language, 338
Bogdanov, Alexander, 84, 315 Böhm-Barwerk, Eugen von,
234, 366, 367 Bohme, Jakob, 82, 514 Bohr, Niels, 57–59, 404 Boileau, Pierre, 245 Bojaxhiu, Agnes Gonxja
(Mother Teresa), 59–60 Bolden, Margaret, 569 Bolintineanu, Dimitrie, 101 Böll, Annemarie, 61
Böll, Heinrich, 5, 60–61. Works: The Silent Angel, 61; Stranger, Bear Word to the Spartans We . . . , 61; The Train Was on Time, 61
Boltzmann, Ludwig, 93, 565 Bolyai, Farkas, 50
Bonar Law, Andrew, 7, 31 Bonaventura, 239 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 61–63,
390; Letters and Papers from Prison, 62
Bontempelli, Massimo, 431 Booker Prize, 24, 208, 384, 460
Book of Kells, 273
Book of Knowledge, 213, 490 Book of the Dead, Tibetan, 38;
Egyptian, 273
Booth, Charles, 4 Borel, Émile, 387
Borges, Jorge Luis, 63–64, 209, 279, 382. Works: Aleph, 63;
The Book of Imaginary Beings,
576
Index
63; The Book of Sand, 63; Dr. |
Works: Baal, 74; Er treibt den |
“That Toccato of Gallupis,” |
Brodie’s Report, 63; Ficciones, |
Teufel aus, 74; Der Jasager und |
151 |
63, 154; A History of Eternity, |
der Neinsager, 74; Die höflichen |
Brown of Harvard, 442 |
63; Nine Essays on Dante, 63; |
Chinesen, 75; Die Kleinbürger- |
Bruno, Giordano, 41, 273, |
Other Inquisitions, 63; A Uni- |
hochzeit, 74; Legende von der |
312 |
versal History of Infamy, 63 |
Enstehung des Buches Taotek- |
Brunschvicg, Léon, Les étapes de |
Born, Max, 405 |
ing auf dem Weg des Latse in |
la philosophie mathématique, |
Bornkamm, Gunther, 85 |
die Emigration, 75; Lux in |
427; L’expérience humaine et la |
Bosanquet, Bernard, 118 |
Tenebris, 74; Die Maßnahme, |
causalité physique, 427 |
Bosch, Hieronymous, 147 |
75; The Threepenny Opera, 49, |
Bruntière, Ferdinand, 44 |
Bossuet, Bishop Jacques, De la |
75; Trommeln in der Nacht, 74 |
Bruyere, Jean de La, 125 |
connaissance de Dieu, 200 |
Bremer, Arthur, 542 |
Bryan, William Jennings, |
Boswell, James, Life of Samuel |
Brentano, Clemens, 20 |
81–82, 206 |
Johnson, 571 |
Brentano, Franz, The Multiva- |
Bryant, Arthur, 22 |
Botticelli, Sandro, 67 |
lent Meaning of Being in Aris- |
Bryant, Clara Jane, 173 |
Bougle, Celestin, 146 |
totle, 239 |
Bryant, Sophie, 500 |
Bouillon, Jo, 29 |
Bresciani, Antonio, 118 |
Bryant, William Cullen, “To a |
Boulanger, Nadia, 115 |
Bresson, Robert, 167, 509 |
Waterfowl,” 81 |
Bourget, Paul, 125, 552 |
Breton, André, 75–77, 86, 121, |
Bryce, James, American Com- |
Bourke-White, Margaret, |
127, 144, 188, 281, 292, 345, |
monwealth, 329, 563 |
64–65. Works: Eyes on Russia, |
365, 422, 428. Works: |
Brzozowski, Stanislaw, 364 |
64; A Portrait of Myself, 64 |
Anthologie de l’humour noir, |
Buber, Martin, 82–83, 332, |
Boutroux, Émile, 427 |
76; Les Champs magnétiques, |
398. Works: Der Jude, 82; I |
Boutroux, Etienne, 125 |
76; Manifeste du surréalisme, |
and Thou, 82, 229, 441, 555 |
Bouvier, Jacqueline, 289, 291 |
21, 75, 103; Nadja, 76; Second |
Buchan, John, 22. Works: |
Bouyer, Louis, 398 |
Manifeste du surréalisme, 75; |
Green Mantle, 64; Pilgrim’s |
Bowers, Claude, 524 |
Towards a Free Revolutionary |
Way, 289, 290; Thirty-Nine |
Boxer Rebellion, 253 |
Art, 448 |
Steps, 64, 245, 290 |
Boy’s Life, 453 |
Breuer, Josef, 277 |
Büchner, Georg, 74, 147, 529; |
Brackett, Leigh, 65 |
Brew, 167 |
Lenz, 231 |
Bradbury, Ray, 65–66, 490. |
Brewer, Clinton, 569 |
Büchner, Ludwig, Force and |
Works: Dark Carnival, 65; |
Briand, Aristide, 505 |
Matter, 157 |
Fahrenheit 451, 65; From the |
Bridgeman, George, 453 |
Buckle, Henry, 315; History of |
Dust Returned, 65; The Mar- |
Bridges, Robert, 537 |
Civilisation in England, 546 |
tian Chronicles, 65; “The |
Brightman, E. S., 297 |
Budde, Karl, 85 |
Veldt,” 66 |
Brik, Osip, 477 |
Buddha, 243 |
Brady, Matthew, 174 |
British poetry, 312 |
Buddhism, 202, 221, 273, 285, |
Brahms, Johannes, 473, 564 |
Britten, Benjamin, 77–78, 176. |
292, 312; The Buddhist Bible, |
Braig, Carl, 239 |
Works: Young Person’s Guide |
292; Buddhist texts, 276; Zen |
Brancusi, Constantin, 66–67, |
to the Orchestra, 77 |
Buddhism, 20 |
102, 120, 369 |
Broch, Hermann, 303 |
Buffon, Comte de, Histoire |
Brandeis, Louis, 67–68 |
Brod, Max, 230, 279 |
Naturelle, 428 |
Brandes, Georg, 342 |
Brodsky, Joseph, 78–79 |
Buhler, Karl, 433 |
Brandhuber, Camillo, 239 |
Brody, Sandor, 332 |
Bukharin, Nikolai, 83–84, 315, |
Brandt, Willy, 69–70 |
Brontë, Charlotte, 214, 309; |
492. Works: ABC of Commu- |
Braque, Georges, 70–71, 428, |
Jane Eyre, 309, 466 |
nism, 252; The Economic The- |
494 |
Brontë, Emily, 175, 214 |
ory of the Leisure Class, 83; |
Brathen, Oscar, Decent People, |
Brooke, Rupert, 79–80 |
Historical Materialism, 83; |
49 |
Brooks, Cleanth, 398 |
Imperialism and World Econ- |
Braudel, Fernand, 71–73. |
Brooks, Van Wyck, 499 |
omy, 83 |
Works: The Mediterranean |
Brother Matthias, 463 |
Bulgakov, Sergei, 314 |
and the Mediterranean World |
Brothers, Thomas, 18 |
Bultmann, Rudolf, 17, 62, |
in the Age of Philip II, 72; The |
Broun, Heywood, 52 |
84–86, 240, 514 |
Structure of Everyday Life, 72 |
Brown, Katherine Tupper, 348 |
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward, 498 |
Braun, Wernher von, 73–74 |
Brown, Lawrence, 449 |
Bunin, Ivan, 381, 476 |
Brecht, Bertolt, 17, 74–75, 79, |
Brown, Pat, 107 |
Bunuel, Luis, 75, 86–87, 106, |
136, 147, 149, 203–4, 222, |
Browning, Robert,149, 219, |
121, 167, 188, 189, 264, 307, |
258, 308, 332, 343, 410, 501. |
363, 381, 399, 434. Works: |
509 |
577
Index
Bunyan, John, 326. Works:
Holy War, 416; Pilgrim’s
Progress, 32, 99, 151, 159, 416, 496, 536, 537
Burckhardt, Jacob, 243, 276, 332
Burdick, Eugene, The Ugly American, 289
Burke, Edmund, 132, 156, 293, 294, 563
Burke, Kenneth, 122 Burke, Thomas, Limehouse
Nights, 219 Burlingame, Edward, 552 Burlyuk, David, 352 Burne-Jones, Edward, 32
Burnett, Frances Hodgson, The Secret Garden, 250
Burnham, James, The Managerial Revolution, 408
Burns, Arthur, Production Trends in the United States, 181
Burns, Robert, 327, 416, 537 Burroughs, Edgar Rice, 65,
241; Tarzan stories, 65, 213 Burroughs, John, 173 Burroughs, William S., 38,
87–88, 201, 292, 312. Works:
Junky, 87, 202; Naked Lunch, 87, 88; Nova Express, 87; Queer, 87; The Soft Machine, 87; The Ticket That Exploded, 87; The Wild Boys, 88
Burton, Richard, 311 Bussy, Simon, 502 Butler, Judith, 131
Butler, Samuel, Erewhon, 175;
Notebooks, 408
Byrne, Donn, 496
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 8, 149, 171, 231, 264, 265, 289, 301, 327, 352, 357, 395, 416, 490, 498
Cabell, James Branch, 496 Cabrera, Manuel Estrada, 21 Cadon, René Guy, 135 Caesar, Julius, 125
Cage, John, 473
Cahaier d’un retour, 165 Cahiers du cinema, 203 Cajetan, Thommasio de Vio,
328
Calderón, Pedro, 189, 498 Caldwell, Erskine, 171, 191 CÅlinescu, George, 198. Works:
The Black Chest, 198; Poor Ioanide, 198
Callaghan, Morley, 445
Calthrop, Gladys, 117
Calvin, John, 34, 240, 389, 415, 548
Cambio 16, 275 Camera Work, 498, 499 Cameron, A. C. 206 Camp, Walter, 449
Campbell, John W., Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, 489
Campbell, Joseph, 214; The Masks of God, 214
Campion, Edmund, 169, 543 Camprubi, Zenobia, 264 Camus, Albert, 35, 43, 89–90,
135, 147, 191, 223, 224, 291, 325, 340, 382, 420, 479. Works: The Downfall, 49; The First Man, 89; “The Myth of Sisyphus,” 555; Notebooks,
291, The Plague, 368; The Rebel, 471; Resistance, Rebellion, and Death, 291; The Stranger, 89, 291, 569
Cannon, Jimmy, 137
Cantar del Mío Cid, El, 178 Cantor, Georg, 93, 387 Cantor, Norman, 517 Capek, Josef, 90, 91
Capek, Karel, 90–91, 232, 349.
Works: From the Life of Insects, 90; Hordubal, 90; The Macropolous Case, 90; Meteor, 90; An Ordinary Life, 90; R.U.R., 90
Capote, Truman, 19, 398 Capra, Frank, 91–92, 174 Capuana, Luigi, 431 Caragiale, Ion Luca, 257 Cardan, Jérôme, De vita pro-
pria, 459
Carducci, Bartolommeo, 418 Carducci, Giosuè, 118, 430 Carey, Harry, 174 Carleman, Torsten, 387
Carlyle, Thomas, 23, 99, 111, 309, 327, 407, 529, 547, 563. Works: Cromwell, 104; The French Revolution, 416; On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History, 3
Carmichael, Charlotte, 500 Carnap, Rudolf, 92–94, 109,
433; “Space,” 93 Carnegie, Andrew, 453 Carnegie, Dale, How to Win
Friends and Influence People,
392
Carpenter, Edward, 176, 199;
The Art of Creation, 547 Carr, Lucien, 201
Carra, Carlo, 103
Carrel, Alexis, 323 Carrière, Jean-Claude, 86
Carroll, Lewis, 24, 38. Works:
Alice in Wonderland, 38, 381
Carson, Rachel, 94–95. Works:
The Edge of the Sea, 94; The Sea Around Us, 94; The Sense of Wonder, 95; Silent Spring, 95; Under the Sea-Wind, 94
Carter, James Earl, Jr., 95–97, 411
Carter, Nicholas, Nick Carter stories, 455, 464
Carus, Carl Gustav, 276 Carver, George Washington,
411
Cary, Joyce, 1, 117 Cassady, Neal, 201, 312 Cassirer, Ernst, 31, 93, 240.
Works: The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, 30
Castaneda, Carlos, 170, 222, 312
Castro, America, Structure of Spanish History, 570
Castro, Fidel, 97–99, 223 Castro, Raúl, 97
Castro, Rosalía de, 264 Cather, Willa, 99–100, 399.
Works: Alexander’s Bridge, 99; April Twilights, 99; My Antonia, 99; O Pioneers!, 99; One of Ours, 99; The Troll Garden, 99
Catherine of Siena, 123
Catholic Missions, 59
Catt, Carrie Chapman, 469 Catton, Bruce, Never Call
Retreat, 290 Catullus, 119, 182, 434 Cavalcanti, Guido, 434 Cayley, Arthur, 387
Ceauqescu, Nicolae, 100–101,
198
Cecchi, Emilio, 215
Cecil, David, Lord Melbourne,
289
Celan, Paul, 316
Celestine V, 479
Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, 201, 445; Journey to the End of the Night, 292
Celtic poetry, 312
Century Magazine, 571
578
Index
Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, |
Chernyshevsky, Nikolay, 381, |
Cobbett, William, 196, 385 |
13, 169, 189, 230, 303, 381, |
382, 520 |
Cobb’s Spelling Book, 452 |
479, 518; Don Quixote, 48, |
Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, |
Cocteau, Jean, 136, 428; La |
230, 299, 352, 405, 430, 529, |
Lord, Letters to his Son, 426 |
Voix humaine, 459 |
530 |
Chesterton, G. K., 63, 91, 532; |
Coffin, Charles, The Boys of ’76, |
Césaire, Aimé, 101–2, 165. |
The Man Who Was Thursday, |
498 |
Works: Beheaded Sun, 101; |
114 |
Cohen, Hermann, 28, 30, 62, |
L’Etudiant noir, 101, Miracu- |
Chewelos, Nick, 312 |
85, 405, 419; The Religion of |
lous Weapons, 101; Notebook of |
Cheyney, Peter, 371 |
Reason, 28 |
a Return to My Native Land, |
Chíbas, Eduardo, 97 |
Cohen, Sidney, 312 |
101 |
Chicago Review, 482 |
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 88, |
Céspedes, Carlos Manuel de, |
Chinese literature, 13, 434 |
529, 536, 537 |
98 |
Chomsky, Noam, 108–10. |
Coles, Elizabeth, 347 |
Cézanne, Paul, 71, 120, 428, |
Works: The Logical Structure |
Coles, Robert, 123 |
494 |
of Linguistic Theory, 109; Syn- |
Colette, Sidonie-Gabrielle, 39, |
Chabrol, Claude, 167, 203 |
tactic Structures, 109 |
112–13. Works: Claudine |
Chagall, Marc, 102–3 |
Chomsky, William (Zev), 108 |
novels, 113 |
Chainey, Brainerd, 397 |
Chonkadze, Daniel, 492 |
Collier, John, 66 |
Chamberlain, Austen, 104 |
Church, Alonzo, 387 |
Collins, Michael, xvi, 114–15 |
Chamberlain, Houston Stew- |
Churchill, John, Duke of Marl- |
Colum, Padraig, 114 |
art, Foundations of the Twenti- |
borough, 110, 111 |
Comic books, 24, 137–38, 170, |
eth Century, 331, 557 |
Churchill, Winston (U.S. nov- |
461, 489; Batman, 497; |
Chamberlain, Joseph, 104 |
elist), The Crisis, 159 |
Sheena of the Jungle, 497; |
Chamberlain, Neville, 103–5, |
Churchill, Winston Leonard |
Superman, 137, 461, |
112, 155 |
Spencer, 7, 23, 64, 110–12, |
497; Wonder Woman, 497 |
Chamber’s Encyclopedia, 571 |
155, 159, 178, 237, 289, 310, |
Commentary, 482 |
Chamfort, Nicolas, 125 |
348, 393, 510, 545. Works: |
Compton’s Encyclopedia, 109 |
Chamisso, Adelbert von, 430 |
Lord Randolph Churchill, 111; |
Comstock, Anna Botsford, 64 |
Champy, James, Reenginering |
Marlborough, 111; The Second |
Comte, Auguste, 118, 146, 350, |
the Corporation, 195 |
World War, 111, 342 |
427, 547 |
Chanel, Coco, 503 |
Cicero, 159, 238, 267, 284, 353, |
Conan Doyle, Arthur. See |
Chanute, Octave, Progress in |
548 |
Doyle, Arthur Conan |
Flying Machines, 571 |
Cid, El, 178, 422 |
Condorcet, Nicolas de Caritat, |
Chaplin, Charles, 41, 105–6, |
Cipriani, André, 261 |
Marquis de, 437 |
161, 509 |
Claridge, W. Walton, A History |
Cone, James Hal, A Black The- |
Chapman, Everett, 64 |
of the Gold Coast, 569 |
olog y of Liberation, 224 |
Chapman, John Wilbur, Receive |
Clark, Colin, Condition of Eco- |
Confucius, 243, 434 |
Ye the Holy Ghost, 507 |
nomic Progress, 43 |
Congar, Yves, 421 |
Charcot, Jean, 51 |
Clark, John Maurice, Studies in |
Congressional Record, 271, 455 |
Chardin, Pierre Teilhard, 329, |
the Economics of Overhead |
Conner, Fox, 159 |
398 |
Costs, 181 |
Conrad, Joseph, 94, 114, 168, |
Chartier, Emile, 549 |
Clark, Walter H., 312 |
217, 228, 316, 327, 386, 398, |
Chateaubriand, François-René, |
Clarke, Arthur C., 316; The |
466, 519. Works: Heart of |
Vicomte de, 40, 125, 382; |
City of the Stars, 490 |
Darkness, 569; Lord Jim, 171; |
Autobiography, 438 |
Clarke, John Henrik, 14 |
The Nigger of the “Narcissus,” |
Chatwin, Bruce, 63 |
Class, Heinrich, 55 |
171; “The Secret Sharer,” |
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 119, 466, |
Claudel, Paul, 146, 228, 258, |
171; Typhoon, 200; Under |
476, 490; “The Miller’s |
340. Works: Jeanne au bucher, |
Western Eyes, 88 |
Tale,” 38 |
459; Tête d’Or, 102 |
Constant, Benjamin, 125 |
Chavchavadze, Ilie, 492 |
Clausewitz, Karl von, On War, |
Cook, Theodore, The Curves of |
Chávez, Cèsar, 107–8 |
160 |
Life, 493 |
Cheiro’s Book of Numbers, 436 |
Clausius, Rudolf, 431–32 |
Cooke, Henry, 415 |
Chekhov, Anton, 208, 236, 344, |
Clemens, Samuel. See Twain, |
Coolidge, Calvin, 192, 253 |
381, 399, 400, 477, 485, 559 |
Mark |
Coon, Carleton Stevens, The |
Chénier, André, 125 |
Cleveland, Grover, 81 |
Origin of Races, 542 |
Chernenko, Konstantin, 207 |
Clinton, Bill, 14 |
Cooper, James Fenimore, 340; |
Chernyshevski, Nikolai, What |
Clouzot, Henri-Georges, 245 |
The Last of the Mohicans, 332 |
is to be Done?, 315 |
Clytemnestra, 214 |
Cooper, Mrs. Astley, 116 |
579