YEAR OF STUDY II

(SR) Supplementary reading (block I):

Exercise 1SR.

Do you know…

Systems Development What is a systems development cycle?

Most IT projects work in cycles. First, the needs of the computer users must be analyzed. This task is often performed by a professional Systems Analysts who will ask the users exactly what they would like the system to do, and then draw up plans on how this can be implemented on a real computer based system.

The programmer will take the specifications from the Systems Analyst and then convert the broad brushstrokes into actual computer programs. Ideally at this point there should be testing and input from the users so that what is produced by the programmers is actually what they asked for.

Finally, there is the implementation process during which all users are introduced to the new systems, which often involves an element of training.

Once the users start using the new system, they will often suggest new improvements and the whole process is started all over again.

These are methodologies for defining a systems development cycle and often you will see four key stages, as listed below:

Feasibility Study Design Programming Implementation

Exercise 2SR.

You are going to read a newsapaper article about shopping on the Internet. Choose the best heading from the list (A-G) for each part (1-5). There are two extra headings that you do not need to use:

Shopping on the Internet

1.Shopping on the Internet, or shopping on-line is becoming more and more popular. More and more people are using the Internet to buy things. Why do people use the Internet to shop?

2.Some people say it is more convenient. They don't have to leave their homes to order something, and they can shop for anything they want at any time, day or night. Other people say they can find things for sale that they can't find in the stores near their homes. Still other people say they can find better prices on the Internet.

3.If you want to buy something on the Internet, you need a credit card. You have to type your credit card number and some other information on the website and send it to the store over the Internet. You have to be sure that the

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store will not use your information in the wrong way. You don't want someone to get your credit card number and charge something to your account. Of course, you always have to be careful with your credit card number, because people sometimes steal credit card numbers from stores and restaurants too.

4.For people who are too nervous to shop on-line, the Internet is a good place to go window-shopping. Window-shopping is when you go to a store and look at the things for sale, but don't plan to buy anything. Window-shopping is easy on the Internet. You can see what kinds of products are available and how much they cost. You can visit stores with branches near you, or you can visit stores that are only on the Internet.

5.Some stores have a website for information about their stores, but not for shopping. Some stores have a website for information about their stores, and you can shop on-line there too. Some stores are only for on-line shopping.

AA certain time for shopping on the Internet

BGrowing popularity of the Internet

CGetting credit cards from other people

DWindow-shopping as a way-out for people who are afraid to buy something

EThe reasons of using the Internet for shopping

FWebsites for stores

GThe necessity to have a credit card for buying something

(L) Listening (block II):

Task (Recording 8) Exercise 2L. Revision of software

Look at the list of software products and number the items in the order in which

(S) Speaking (block I):

Great Britain

The UK of Creat Britain and Nothern Ireland occupies the territory of the British Isles. It consists of 4 main countries which are England, Scotland, Wales and Nothern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff and Belfast. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland is the official name of the state which is sometimes referred to as Great Britain or Britain (after its major

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island), England (after its major historic part or the British Isles. The UK is an Island state. It is composed of some 5.500 islands, large and small. The two main islands are: Great Britain to the east and Ireland to the west. They are separated by the Irish Sea. The area of the UK is 244,100 square kms. It is situated off to the northwest coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the north and the North Sea on the east and is separated from the European continent by the English Channel (or La Manche) and the Straits of Dover (or Pas de Calais).

The highest mountain top is Ben Nevis in Scotland. The chief rivers of Great Britain are: the Severn, separating England and Wales, the Thames (the longest and the deepest one). The swiflest flowing river is the Spray. Also the Tweed is famous (the woolen fabric is made here). There are many lakes in Great Britain. The Lake District is the most beautiful. The largest cities are: London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Bristol, Leeds, Cardiff. The capitals are: London in England, Edinburgh in Scotland, Cardiff in Wales and Belfast in Northern Ireland. Every country has its own national emblem. The red rose is the national emblem of England, the thistle is the national emblem of Scotland, the daffodils and the leek are the emblems of Wales and the shamrock (a kind of clover) is the emblem of Ireland.

Due to the geographical position of the country, the weather in GB is very changeable. A fine morning can change into a wet afternoon and evening and the wrong side out. The english people say:"Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather." The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or t\when it rains all day long. The weather is the favourite conversational topic in GB. After they greet each other they start talking the weather.

The population of the UK is over 55 mln people. The UK is inhabited by the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish who constitute the British nation. English is not the only language. Scottish, Welsh and Irish are also used. The flag of the UK is known as the Union Jack. It has its history. It all began in 1603 when Scotland was joined to England and Wales. The flag is made up of 3 crosses. The upright cross is the Cross of St.Jeorge, the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross is the cross of St.Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of St.Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. All of them are on the blue background. The national currency is pound.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. But the power of Queen Elizabeth II is not absolute. It is limited by Parliament. In fact, the Prime Minister is the actual leader of the state. The legislative body, Parliament, consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The executive body consists of the central Government — that is the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers, who are responsible for initiating and directing the national policy.

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The Government derives its authority from the elected House of Commons. General elections, for all seats in the House of Commons, must be held at least every five years. The Government is normally formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. The leader of the party is appointed the Prime Minister by the Queen and chooses a team of ministers. The second largest party becomes the Official

Opposition with its own leader and «Shadow Cabinet». The House of Lords is a hereditary chamber.

In Great Britain there is no written constitution, only customs and traditions which are very strong. Great Britain is known to be a motherland of football. Two oldest Universities: Oxford and Cambridge are situated here.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It produces and exports machinery, electronics, textile. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. Lots of people are involved in service industries including financial, business and government services, computer services and information systems. There are also a lot of science-based companies and research organizations.

London

London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. London traces its history back nearly 2,000 years. London is one of the largest cities in the world, with about 7 million people. London has been a capital city for nearly a thousand years, and many of its ancient buildings still stand. The most famous of these are the Tower of London (where the Crown Jewels are kept), Westminster Abbey and St. Pals Cathedral, but most visitors also want to see the House of Parliament, Buckingham Palace and the many magnificent museums. Once, London was a small Roman town on the north bank of the Thames, but slowly it grew into one of the world's major cities with more than seven million people. Fewer people live in the centre now, but the suburbs are still growing.

Places now in the heart of London once stood in the middle of green fields. Many small villages, like Hampstead, Chelsea and Mayfair, became part of London, but they still keep some of their old atmosphere. Different areas of London seem like different cities. The West End is a rich man's world of shops, offices and theatres. The old port area is now called "Docklands". The great ships have gone, and the area is changing very fast. There are huge new office buildings, and thousands of new flats and houses. Other parts of London are changing, too. Some of the poor areas have become fashionable, and people with money are moving into them.

A hundred years ago, the river was crowded by ships, leaving for Java and Japan, New Zealand and New York, but now people travel by air, and London's main airport, Heathrow, is one of the busiest in the world.

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Like all big cities, London has streets and concrete buildings, but it also has many big parks, full of trees, flowers and grass. Sit on the grass (you're allowed to!) in the middle of Hyde Park or Kensington Gardens, and you will think that you're in the country, miles away.

Many people live outside the centre of London in the suburbs, and they travel to work, in the shops and offices by train, bus or underground. The trains are full - and expensive - and the roads are crowded with cars, but every day a million people come from far out of London, even from the coast, and spend up to four hours travelling every day. Most people work from 9 am to 5 pm. From 8 till 10 every morning, and 4.30 to 6.30 every evening, the trains are crowded with people, and after the morning "rush hour" the shoppers come.

By the day the whole of London is busy. At night, the offices are quiet and empty, but the West End stays alive, because this is where Londoners come to enjoy themselves. There are two opera houses here, several concert halls and many theatres, as well as cinemas, and in nearby Soho the pubs, restaurants and nightclubs are busy half the night.

Many people think that London is all grey but in fact red is the London's favourite colour. The buses are red, the letterboxes are red and the mail vans are all bright, bright red. London is at its best when people are celebrating. Then the flags, the soldiers' uniforms the cheering crowds and the carriages and horses all sparkle in the sunshine - if it's not raining, of course!

Exercise 1S.

Answer the questions:

1.What is the National anthem of the UK?

2.Who is the head of the state?

3.What is the longest river in the UK?

4.What cities are famous for their universities?

5.What are the capital cities of Great Britain?

6.Who reigns but doesn't rule in Great Britain?

Exercise 2S.

Put questions to these answers:

1.University of London, with 65,000 students is the largest nation's university.

2.The British Open University offers instruction through radio and television and Internet.

3.The famous annual Wimbledon Tennis Tournament takes place in June and July.

4.London has 2,300 betting shops, where people place bets on various sports events.

5.London has about 5,600 pubs.

6.The West End is the home of famous private clubs.

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Exercise 3S.

Do you know…

What plant blooms long before it comes into leaf? (the blackthorn – also the cherry and the plum tree)

What tree is the last to blossom? (The lime tree)

When the Royal Observatory in Greenwich was organised? (in 1675)

Exercise 4S.

Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the following proverbs:

(L) Listening (block III):

Task (Recording 9) Exercise 3L.

Listen to a telecommunications expert talk about the most recent developments in this sector and decide whether the statements are true or false:

Paul Carr is an expert in the IT sector..…………………………..…....(T/ F) Until Skype arrived VOIP technology was difficult to use..……..……(T/ F) Skype claim 85 million customers globally..……………………….….(T/ F) Skype spend a lot of money on advertising..…………………….….…(T/ F) Skype have no competitors..…………………………..…………....….(T/ F) It is not possible to use Skype in the UK..………………….…….…....(T/ F) Fibre optics will change Internet use..…………………….………...…(T/ F)

(S) Speaking (block II):

Exercise 5S.

Teacher: Where‘s Great Britain situated?

Student: (pointing at the map): This is the map of Great Britain. It is situated on an island. As we know, an island is a piece of land surrounded by water. So, Great Britain is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean on the west and the north and by the North Sea on the East.

T.: How is it separated from theContinent of Europe?

S.: By the English Channel. And by the way, the Straight of Dover is the narrowest part of the Channel. Here it is.

T.: How narrow is it?

S.: It is just 21 mile across.

T.: What part of the Island of Great Britain do England and Wales form?

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S.: They form its southern part.

T.: That‘ll do. You‘ve done well. Thanks.

Exercise 6S.

Complete the dialogue with the relevant questions:

T.: __________________________________________________________?

S.: The capital of Great Britain is London.

T.: __________________________________________________________?

S.: I don‘t know exactly, it seems to be about 55 mln people or even more.

T.: __________________________________________________________?

S.: On the river Thames.

T.: __________________________________________________________?

S.: No, the river Thames is the longest one.

T.: __________________________________________________________?

S.: Oh, no, it hasn‘t. It has a gently sloping surface.

T.: __________________________________________________________?

S.: It‘s divided into counties.

T.: __________________________________________________________?

S.: Oxford and Cambridge are.

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Exercise 1G.

Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the verbs with definite prepositions:

1.The Congress was adressed by a well-known scientist.

2.Our teacher is listened to with great attention.

3.The text of the message will be carefully worked at.

4.He looked through the weather forecasts in the Internet.

5.At this lesson special attention is paid to the translation of passive constructions.

6.His books are often referred to by many scientists.

7.The use of the Internet was spoken of at the previous lesson.

8.This e-mail was attentively looked at, wasn‘t it?

9.His reports were listened to with great pleasure.

10.The agreement was arrived at at midnight.

11.The research work of this student is much spoken about in the group. 12.Are you being waited for?

13.These documents were sent for a week ago, weren‘t they?

14.This bad habit must be got rid of.

15.Magnetic amplifiers have bееn employed for more than fifty years; transistors were first reported uроn in 1948 - 1949.

16.The speed with which arithmetic operations are performed is affected bу а number of factors, isn‘t it?

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Verbs + Prepositions

Exercise 2G.

Insert the correct preposition:

1.What does it depend ____?

2.The language is used ____ data transfer ___ the Internet.

3.This piece of software allows this system to work ____ your modem.

4.Newsgroups are the public discussion areas which make ____ a system called ―Usenet‖.

5.Internet telephone and video chatting are based ___ IRC protocols.

6.This piece of hardware is much spoken ____.

7.You can also click ____ keywords or buttons.

8.This music is listened ____ by many people.

9.It has to deal ____ your Internet Service Provider.

10.Great Britain consists ____ 3 countries.

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