Word formation: Formation of adverbs

(образование наречий)

1.ѝБольшинствоѝнаречийѝобразуетсяѝдобавлениемѝсуффиксаѝ-lyѝкѝ прилагательному.ѝЕслиѝприлагательноеѝоканчиваетсяѝнаѝ-le,ѝбукваѝ букваѝeѝзаменяетсяѝнаѝбукваѝ-y.ѝ

personalѝ(личный)ѝ personallyѝ(лично)ѝ simpleѝ(простой)ѝ simplyѝ(просто)ѝ

2.ѝНекоторыеѝнаречияѝобразуютсяѝнеѝпоѝправилам:ѝѝ goodѝ—ѝwellѝ earlyѝ—ѝearlyѝ lateѝ—ѝlateѝ hardѝ—ѝhardѝ fastѝ—ѝfastѝ badѝ—ѝbadlyѝ

rightѝ—ѝrightѝ wrongѝ—ѝwrongѝ

Exercise 1 Form the corresponding adjectives.

Exercise 2 Form adverbs and make short sentences with them.

Reading

Before you read, answer and debate these questions.

1.ѝWhatѝdoѝyouѝknowѝaboutѝbusinessѝetiquette?ѝѝ 2.ѝDoѝetiquetteѝrulesѝdependѝonѝtheѝplaceѝofѝwork?ѝѝ 3.ѝHaveѝyouѝalreadyѝlearntѝanyѝmilitiaѝetiquetteѝrules?ѝ

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Exercise 1 Read the text.

Business etiquette for police executives

ByѝJuanitaѝEckerѝandѝRobertѝWolfgangѝChiefѝofѝPolice,ѝAlbany,ѝNewѝYorkѝ

PoliceѝChiefѝMagazineѝ

Youѝstartedѝyourѝcareerѝatѝaѝyoungѝage.ѝOverѝtheѝyears,ѝyouѝdiligentlyѝ workedѝyourѝwayѝupѝthroughѝtheѝorganization.ѝYouѝperfectedѝyourѝ skillsѝasѝanѝofficer.ѝYouѝmayѝhaveѝhadѝtrainingѝinѝdefensiveѝtactics,ѝ weaponѝuse,ѝwitnessѝprotection,ѝofficerѝsurvival,ѝdomesticѝviolence,ѝ andѝalcoholѝabuse.ѝNow,ѝhowever,ѝyouѝareѝaѝpoliceѝofficerѝ—ѝandѝ thatѝrequiresѝaѝwholeѝnewѝsetѝofѝskills.ѝ

Youѝhaveѝtoѝbeѝconcernedѝaboutѝtheѝimageѝyouѝprojectѝinѝtheѝcommunityѝyouѝserve.ѝPoliceѝexecutivesѝneedѝtoѝunderstandѝtheѝfundamentalsѝofѝbusinessѝetiquette.ѝHereѝareѝsomeѝtips.ѝ

Imageѝshouldn'tѝmatter…butѝitѝdoes.ѝPsychologistsѝtellѝusѝitѝtakesѝlessѝ thanѝ15ѝsecondsѝforѝothersѝtoѝformѝanѝimpressionѝofѝus.ѝYouѝrepresentѝ theѝdepartment.ѝYourѝappearanceѝmustѝreflectѝthatѝatѝallѝtimes.ѝѝ

Justѝasѝthereѝareѝstrictѝregulationsѝasѝtoѝhowѝyourѝuniformѝshouldѝbeѝ worn,ѝthereѝareѝguidelinesѝforѝprojectingѝaѝprofessionalѝimageѝinѝbusinessѝattireѝasѝwell.ѝ

ForѝtheѝMaleѝPoliceѝExecutive:ѝYourѝshirtѝcollarѝshouldѝlieѝflatѝandѝ touchѝtheѝtopѝofѝyourѝbelt.ѝYourѝsocksѝshouldѝcoverѝyourѝcalves.ѝYourѝ shoesѝshouldѝbeѝpolishedѝatѝallѝtimes.ѝDoѝnotѝcarryѝyourѝpensѝorѝcellѝ phoneѝinѝyourѝfrontѝshirtѝpocket.ѝTheѝbestѝplaceѝforѝtheseѝitemsѝisѝtheѝ insideѝpocketѝofѝyourѝsuitѝjacketѝorѝanѝenvelope-styleѝleatherѝportfo- lio.ѝѝ

ForѝtheѝFemaleѝPoliceѝExecutive:ѝTheѝmatchedѝsuitѝisѝtheѝmostѝappropriateѝ clothingѝ choice,ѝ andѝ solidsѝ areѝ moreѝ authoritativeѝ thanѝ lightѝcolors,ѝandѝsoftѝfabrics.ѝIfѝyouѝareѝnotѝwearingѝaѝmatchedѝsuit,ѝ combiningѝaѝjacketѝwithѝslacksѝorѝaѝskirtѝisѝyourѝnextѝbestѝchoice.ѝ Avoidѝsling-backsѝandѝextremelyѝhigh-heeledѝshoes.ѝ

Vocabulary

diligentlyѝѝ прилежно,ѝстарательноѝ defensiveѝtacticsѝѝ оборонительнаяѝтактикаѝ witnessѝprotectionѝ защитаѝсвидетелейѝ survivalѝ выживаниеѝ domesticѝviolenceѝ домашнееѝнасилиеѝ

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alcoholѝabuseѝ злоупотреблениеѝалкоголемѝ attireѝ одеждаѝ

guidelinesѝѝ инструкцииѝ matchedѝsuitѝѝ костюмѝ sling-backsѝѝ босоножкиѝѝ

Exercise 2 Answer and debate these questions.

1.Whyѝdoesѝaѝpoliceѝofficerѝhaveѝtoѝbeѝconcernedѝaboutѝhisѝimageѝinѝtheѝ community?ѝ

2.Doѝpolicemenѝwearѝuniformѝallѝtheѝtime?ѝ

3.Whatѝareѝtheѝtipsѝsuggestedѝforѝtheѝmaleѝpoliceѝexecutive?ѝ

4.Howѝshouldѝfemaleѝpoliceѝofficersѝlookѝlike?ѝ

5.Doѝyouѝagreeѝwithѝtheѝideasѝofѝtheѝarticle?ѝWhy,ѝorѝwhyѝnot?ѝ

6.Should,ѝinѝyourѝopinion,ѝetiquetteѝbeѝtaughtѝatѝPoliceѝAcademies?ѝ

Over to you

There is an old saying, «Actions speak louder than words». Develop this idea and write a paragraph about militia etiquette.

Reading

Before you read, answer these questions.

1.Whatѝisѝculturalѝdiversity?ѝѝ

2.Whatѝisѝtheѝdifferenceѝbetweenѝmulticulturalismѝandѝculturalѝassimilation?ѝ

Exercise 1 Read the text.

Policing a culturally diverse society

Culturesѝ provideѝ peopleѝ withѝ waysѝ ofѝ thinkingѝ —ѝ waysѝ ofѝ seeing,ѝ hearing,ѝandѝinterpretingѝtheѝworld.ѝThusѝtheѝsameѝwordsѝcanѝmeanѝ differentѝthingsѝtoѝpeopleѝfromѝdifferentѝcultures,ѝevenѝwhenѝtheyѝtalkѝ theѝ«same»ѝlanguage.ѝѝ

Eachѝcultureѝhasѝitsѝownѝrulesѝaboutѝproperѝbehaviorѝwhichѝaffectѝ verbalѝandѝnonverbalѝcommunication.ѝWhetherѝoneѝlooksѝtheѝotherѝ personѝinѝtheѝeye-orѝnot;ѝwhetherѝoneѝsaysѝwhatѝoneѝmeansѝovertlyѝorѝ talksѝaroundѝtheѝissue;ѝhowѝcloseѝtheѝpeopleѝstandѝtoѝeachѝotherѝwhenѝ

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theyѝareѝtalkingѝ—ѝallѝofѝtheseѝandѝmanyѝmoreѝareѝrulesѝofѝpolitenessѝ whichѝdifferѝfromѝcultureѝtoѝculture.ѝ

Differentѝculturesѝregulateѝtheѝdisplayѝofѝemotionѝdifferently.ѝSomeѝ culturesѝgetѝveryѝemotionalѝwhenѝtheyѝareѝdebatingѝanѝissue.ѝOtherѝ culturesѝtryѝtoѝkeepѝtheirѝemotionsѝhidden.ѝPolicingѝaѝculturallyѝdiverseѝsocietyѝhasѝproblemsѝandѝchallenges.ѝSomeѝareasѝofѝconcernѝ includeѝprejudicialѝattitudesѝofѝpoliceѝofficers,ѝlackѝofѝcompetencyѝinѝ theѝofficialѝlanguageѝofѝaѝcountryѝbyѝsomeѝmembersѝofѝethnicѝcommunities,ѝtheirѝdifferentѝperceptionѝofѝtheѝroleѝofѝtheѝpoliceѝandѝtheirѝ lackѝofѝunderstandingѝofѝcountry'sѝlaw.ѝ

Multiculturalismѝshouldѝbecomeѝaѝdeliberateѝpolicy, theѝantithesisѝtoѝ assimilation,ѝwhichѝisѝaѝformѝofѝracism,ѝaѝdenialѝofѝsocialѝjustice,ѝcul- turalѝequityѝandѝself-identificationѝofѝgroupsѝandѝindividuals.ѝPoliceѝ officersѝmustѝnotѝdisplayѝprejudiceѝandѝdiscriminationѝtowardsѝmembersѝofѝparticularѝcommunityѝgroupsѝandѝmustѝapplyѝtheѝsameѝstandardsѝstrictlyѝtoѝeveryoneѝregardlessѝofѝbackgroundѝorѝposition.ѝѝ

Theѝkeyѝtoѝeffectiveѝcross-culturalѝcommunicationѝisѝknowledge.ѝTheѝ lawѝenforcementѝagenciesѝinѝmanyѝcountriesѝincludeѝcrossѝculturalѝ andѝethnicѝaffairsѝperspectivesѝwithinѝitsѝpre-serviceѝeducationѝatѝtheѝ PoliceѝAcademy.ѝ

Exercise 2 Find in the text the English equivalents for these word combinations.

обществоѝсѝразнообразиемѝкультур;ѝотноситьсяѝсѝпредубеждением;ѝнедостаточноеѝзнаниеѝязыка;ѝразличноеѝвосприятие;ѝосознаннаяѝ политика;ѝ противопоставление;ѝ проявлятьѝ дискриминациюѝ поѝотношениюѝкѝкому-либо;ѝприменятьѝединыеѝстандарты;ѝнезави- симоѝотѝ

Exercise 3 Insert appropriate prepositions.

1.Policeѝofficersѝmustѝnotѝdisplayѝdiscriminationѝ___ѝmembersѝ___ѝ particularѝcommunityѝgroups.ѝ

2.Policeѝofficersѝmustѝapplyѝtheѝsameѝstandardsѝ___ѝeveryoneѝregardlessѝ___ѝbackground.ѝ

3.Waysѝ___ѝthinkingѝandѝrulesѝ___ѝproperѝbehaviorѝdifferѝ___ѝcultureѝ___ѝ culture.ѝ

4.Rulesѝ___ѝpolitenessѝdefineѝwhetherѝoneѝlooksѝtheѝotherѝpersonѝ___ѝ inѝtheѝeye-orѝnot,ѝhowѝcloseѝtheѝpeopleѝstandѝ___ѝeachѝother,ѝetcѝ

5.Theѝkeyѝ___ѝeffectiveѝcross-culturalѝcommunicationѝisѝknowledgeѝ

___ѝcrossѝ—ѝculturalѝandѝethnicѝaffairsѝperspectives.ѝ

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Exercise 4 Complete these sentences.

1.ѝ Problemsѝ andѝ challengesѝ inѝ policingѝ aѝ culturallyѝ diverseѝ societyѝѝ

ѝѝѝѝѝѝare……………..ѝ 2.ѝAssimilationѝisѝ…………………….ѝ

3.ѝPoliceѝofficersѝmustѝnotѝdisplay………………………….ѝ 4.ѝEachѝcultureѝhasѝitsѝownѝrulesѝabout………………………ѝ

5.ѝTheѝkeyѝtoѝeffectiveѝcross-culturalѝcommunicationѝis…………ѝѝѝѝ

ѝѝѝѝѝ………………ѝ

Exercise 5 Answer and debate the following questions.

1.Doѝyouѝagreeѝwithѝtheѝopinion,ѝexpressedѝinѝtheѝtext?ѝ

2.Cultureѝ regulatesѝ rulesѝ ofѝ people'sѝ behavior,ѝ verbalѝ andѝ nonverbalѝ communication,ѝdoesn'tѝit?ѝ

3.Canѝyouѝthinkѝofѝanyѝexamplesѝtoѝillustrateѝculturalѝdifferences?ѝ

Exercise 6 Complete this chart.

Grammar: The imperative mood

(повелительное наклонение)

Повелительноеѝ наклонениеѝ (Theѝ Imperativeѝ Mood)ѝ вѝ утвердитель-

нойѝформеѝсовпадаетѝсѝинфинитивомѝ(безѝчастицыѝto).ѝ

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Повелительноеѝ наклонениеѝ вѝ отрицательнойѝ формеѝ образуетсяѝ следующимѝобразом:ѝ

doѝ+ѝnotѝ+ѝинфинитивѝбезѝчастицыѝto.ѝ

Конструкцияѝletѝusѝdoѝsmthѝпереводитсяѝкакѝдавайтеѝделатьѝчтолибо.ѝКонструкцияѝletѝmeѝdoѝsmthѝпереводитсяѝкакѝразрешитеѝмнеѝ сделатьѝчто-либо.ѝИнфинитивѝпослеѝглаголаѝtoѝletѝупотребляетсяѝбезѝ частицыѝto.ѝ

Exercise 1 Translate these sentences into English.

1.Позвольтеѝмнеѝзадатьѝвопрос.ѝ

2.Разрешитеѝмнеѝответитьѝещеѝраз.ѝ

3.Повторите,ѝпожалуйста,ѝкакѝчитаетсяѝэтоѝслово.ѝ

4.Напишите,ѝпожалуйста,ѝэтиѝслова.ѝ

5.Пустьѝколлегаѝвстретитѝменяѝвѝаэропорту.ѝ

6.Пустьѝонѝпригласитѝнасѝнаѝспортивноеѝмероприятие.ѝ

7.Давайтеѝнайдемѝрешениеѝбыстрее.ѝ

8.Неѝпозволяйтеѝстудентамѝпользоватьсяѝмобильнымѝтелефономѝ воѝвремяѝконтрольнойѝработы.ѝ

9.Неѝразговаривайтеѝгромко.ѝ

10.Неѝкуритеѝнаѝтерриторииѝучебногоѝзаведения.ѝ

Reading

Before you read, answer these questions:

1.Haveѝyouѝeverѝlostѝyourѝwayѝinѝanotherѝcountry?ѝIfѝyes,ѝthanѝwhatѝ didѝyouѝdoѝinѝthatѝsituation?ѝDidѝyouѝaskѝaѝpolicemanѝforѝhelp?ѝ

2.Doѝpolicemenѝoftenѝhelpѝpeopleѝtoѝfindѝtheѝway?ѝ

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Exercise 1 Read this dialogue and role-play it.

Askingѝtheѝwayѝ

Foreigner:ѝѝ Excuseѝme,ѝdoѝyouѝspeakѝEnglish?ѝ Militiaman:ѝѝ Yes,ѝIѝdo,ѝaѝlittle.ѝHowѝcanѝIѝhelpѝyou?ѝ

Foreigner:ѝѝ WillѝyouѝtellѝmeѝtheѝwayѝtoѝtheѝBolshoyѝTheatre?ѝI'mѝ afraidѝI'mѝlostѝhere.ѝ

Militiaman:ѝѝ Goѝstraightѝon.ѝThenѝturnѝleftѝroundѝtheѝfirstѝcornerѝandѝ goѝforwardѝagain.ѝThenѝtakeѝtheѝsecondѝleftѝturning.ѝToѝ yourѝ leftѝ youѝ willѝseeѝ aѝhighѝwhiteѝbuildingѝ withѝcolumns.ѝThisѝisѝtheѝBolshoyѝTheatre.ѝ

Foreigner:ѝѝ ShouldѝIѝgoѝthisѝwayѝandѝthenѝmakeѝtwoѝleftѝturnings?ѝ

Militiaman:ѝ ѝYes,ѝyouѝshouldѝgoѝthisѝway,ѝturnѝleftѝonce,ѝgoѝstraightѝ onѝandѝthenѝtakeѝtheѝsecond,ѝbutѝnotѝtheѝfirstѝleftѝturning.ѝ

Foreigner:ѝѝ Letѝmeѝrepeatѝit,ѝtheѝfirstѝturningѝleftѝandѝthenѝtheѝsecondѝleft.ѝ

Militiaman:ѝѝ Yes,ѝyouѝareѝright.ѝButѝifѝafterѝyourѝfirstѝturningѝyouѝareѝ notѝsure,ѝyouѝmayѝaskѝanyoneѝforѝhelp.ѝManyѝpeopleѝ speakѝEnglishѝhere.ѝ

Foreigner:ѝѝ That'sѝveryѝkindѝofѝyou.ѝYouѝareѝveryѝhelpful.ѝThankѝyou.ѝ Militiaman:ѝѝ Youѝareѝwelcome.ѝ

Exercise 2 Give the English equivalents for these expressions.

1.Боюсь,ѝчтоѝяѝзаблудился.ѝ

2.Идитеѝпрямо.ѝЗатемѝповернитеѝзаѝуголѝналевоѝиѝсноваѝидитеѝпрямо.ѝ

3.Затемѝповернитеѝнаѝвторуюѝулицуѝналево.ѝ

4.Слеваѝвыѝувидитеѝвысокоеѝбелоеѝзданиеѝсѝколоннами.ѝ

5.ЭтоѝиѝестьѝБольшойѝтеатр.ѝ

6.НеѝмоглиѝбыѝВыѝмнеѝсказать,ѝкакѝпройтиѝдо…ѝ

7.Попроситеѝкого-нибудьѝпомочьѝвам.ѝ

8.Спасибо,ѝвыѝоченьѝдобры!ѝ

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Exercise 3 Make sentences and translate them into Russian.

Exercise 4 Complete this dialogue.

—ѝExcuseѝme,ѝdoѝyou…..…ѝ

—ѝYes…ѝHow……ѝhelp……..ѝ

—ѝWillѝyouѝtellѝme……….ѝ

—ѝGoѝstraight…….ѝThenѝturnѝround………ѝThenѝtakeѝtheѝsecond……..ѝ Toѝyourѝleft…….ѝThisѝis……..ѝ

—ѝShouldѝIѝgoѝthisѝwayѝandѝthen………ѝ

—ѝYes,ѝyouѝshould…..…ѝturnѝleftѝonce,ѝgo…..…ѝandѝthenѝtakeѝtheѝsec- ond…..…ѝ

—ѝLetѝmeѝrepeatѝit………ѝ

—ѝYes,ѝyouѝare…..…ѝButѝif….…ѝyouѝmayѝaskѝanyone…..…ѝManyѝpeo- ple………ѝ

—ѝThat'sѝvery….…ѝhelpful….…ѝ

—ѝ…..…ѝwelcome.ѝ

Exercise 5 Act out a few dialogues using some of these words and expressions.

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