UNIT 3

Grammar focus The Infinitive ( Revision)

1. Open the brackets to use the proper form of the infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The necessary data are processed by the CPU (become) useful information.

2. A computer program is a list of instructions (perform) by a computer.

3. Mark I was the first machine (figure) out mathematical problems.

4. (Be) precise is in the character of an experimenter.

5. The progress of electronics (result) in the invention of electronic computers was a breakthrough of the 20^th century.

6. The data (download) will be used in the scientific report.

7. Computers (design) originally for arithmetic purposes are applicable for great variety of tasks at present.

8. (Improve) the computer’s performance, the user can add expansion cards for video, sound and networking.

9. The IC has allowed complex CPUs (place) and (manufacture) in very small spaces.

10. (Integrate) large numbers of circuit elements into a small chip, transistors should be reduced in size.

2. Translate the sentences into English using the appropriate form of the infinitive.

1. Вот данные, на которые необходимо сослаться позже.

2. Россия была первой страной, открывшей космическую эру.

3. Написание программы заняло много времени.

4. Компьютеры были созданы для выполнения тысяч вычислений в секунду.

5. Транзистор, изобретенный в 1948 году, полностью заменил вакуумные лампы.

6. Информация, которая поступает в компьютер для обработки, должна быть зашифрована в двоичный код.

7. Обработка (данных) представляет собой выполнение математических и логических операций с данными для преобразования их в полезную информацию.

8. Миниатюризация позволила использовать цифровые устройства во многих областях современной жизни.

Word and phrase study

Запомните значение приставок, часто используемых в компьютерной литературе:

sub – под, ниже (subprogram – подпрограмма)

super – сверх ( supercomputer - суперкомпьютер)

mono – один (monochrome – монохромный)

multi – много (multiple – множественный)

1. Translate into Russian.

1. Subscalar, subclass, subjective, subdirectory, subdivide.

2. Superpower, superscalar, superhigh, superstructure, supervisor.

3. Monolingual, monolithic, monologue, monopoly.

4. Multi-user, multimedia, multiply, multipurpose.

Reading

CPU Operation

Parallelism

Answer the questions:

1. What is the function of the CPU?

2. What is “parallelism” in computing?

Lexis

1. Read and memorize the pronunciation of the following words.

Sequence, subsequent, determine, request, support, subtract, multiply, integer, fetch, retrieve, interpret, precision, simultaneously, pipeline, assembly line, utilize, decrease, feature, technique, scalar, subscalar, superscalar, sine, cosine, matrix, simultaneously, access, thread, efficient, general-purpose.

2. Read and guess the meaning of the international words (pay attention to the stress mark).

`Register, `signal, `series, a`rithmetic, repre`sent, metho`dology, `linear, `graphics, dis`patcher, `parallelism, trigo`nometry, `classify, i`dentical, de`code.

3. Define the part of speech of the following words. Translate into English.

To `operate – `operating – ope`ration, to repre`sent – repre`senting – represen`tation, de`code – de`coding – de`coder, to in`terpret – in`terpreting – in`terpreter – interpre`tation, to add – a`ddition, to sub`tract – sub`traction, to di`vide – di`vision, `multiple – to `multiply – multipli`cation, pre`cise – pre`cision, `parallel - `parallelism, to `access - `access – a`ccessible – accessi`bility, re`trieve – re`trieval.

4. Provide the English equivalents for the words (see ex. 1, 2 ).

Умножать, одновременно, линейный, последовательность, цикл, вычитать, целое (число), эффективный, множественный (многочисленный), представлять, доступ, определять, последующий, общего назначения, нить (поток, процесс), извлекать (инструкцию), выбирать (выборка), конвейер.

5. Translate the following word-combinations into Russian.

General-purpose CPUs, limited precision, sequence of steps, subsequent instructions, multiple data, to fetch the instruction, to classify the techniques, to behave less linearly, to execute simultaneously, series of control signals, instruction cycle, to perform arithmetic on vectors and matrices, instruction level parallelism, to operate on integers, trigonometry functions, to represent real numbers, quick access, to fetch an instruction, to determine the location in program memory, instruction pipеlining.