Resources

1.Владимир Барановский: Триалог в АТР [Web source]. URL: http://russiancouncil.ru/blogs/riacmembers/?id_4=264 [Дата обращения:

10.04.2014].

2.ASEAN-Russia Dialogue Relations [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.asean.org/news/item/asean-russia-dialogue-relations-2 [Дата обращения: 08.04.2014].

3.Official website of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation [Web source]. URL: http://www.sectsco.org [Дата обращения: 08.04.2014].

4.Россия и ее восточные регионы в АТР: перспективы сетевой интеграции [Web source]. URL: http://www.rae.ru/snt/?section =content&op=show_article&article_id=10001020 [Дата обращения: 10.04.2014].

5.Корея делает ставку на сотрудничество с Россией (из интервью

сЛи Чжэ Ёном) [Web source]. URL: http://nord-news.ru/news/

2014/04/07/?newsid=60326 [Дата обращения: 08.04.2014].

Michail Urbanovskiy

Far Eastern Federal University e-mail: m_urbanovskiy@mail.ru

Supervisor: О.А. Shirokorad, Assistant Professor

International transport corridors in international economic activity of Primorsky region

Russia’s relations with foreign countries have been rapidly developing throughout last decades. Its unique geographical position determines it’s leading role in relations with European Union and Asia-Pacific region.

In terms of broadening of international cooperation and the increasing factor of integration processes the creation of international transport corridors has the leading role in solution of transport and logistic issues, which provide the long-lasting intercultural and economic connections between states. The creation of international transport corridors with the same infrastructure and settings used is the main key to creating the united

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international transport system. That is why transport corridors are being created on the busiest and most important international routes.

Classification of international transport corridors is based on the same characteristics, which are used for making different statistics. For example, it can be the quantity and structure of those international transport corridors in a stated region or territory, the amount of vehicles going through them. All of this shows the level of international economic activity between different states. However, none of these characteristics shown above can be considered as more important than the others. In general, we can classify transport corridors by following gattributes:

•Type of environment - land, water and air

•Means of transport - cars, trucks, buses, railway transport, maritime and river vessels, aircrafts andfueling lines.

Nowadays there are 2 international transport corridors in Primorsky territory between Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China, Primorye-1 and Primorye-2. Border crossing between Russia and China in underdone on 5 border crossing points for automobile transport- “TuriyRog”, “Pogranichnyi”, “Kraskino”, “Poltavka” and “Markovo”.

The south part of Primorye has unique qualities and opportunities to be included and implemented in the international transport system, following modern standards of logistics. This transport complex can fulfill all the needs of Russian economy in internal hauling, export and import. What is more, it can be an effective partner of transport systems in Japan, republic of Korea, China, Mongolia an other states as well.

One of the most prospective international programs of North East Asia development is “Advanced Tumangan Initiative”, which is an international agreement, supported by United Nations Development Program between 4 statesPeople’s Republic of China, Republic Korea, Mongolia and Russian Federation. This program was established in 2005 by changing the mandate of the Program of Tumannaya River Zone Development, which sets out 2 main stages of realization:

1.Organization of international transit shipping from China, Japan, Korea and Mongolia through the territory of Primorsky territory.

2.Future development of complex touristic routes

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In this research we are looking at shipping of transit cargo from Chinese cities of Suifenhe and Hunchun because we strongly believe that exactly transit shipping will lift the amount of transport cooperation with neighboring countries on a new level and will contribute to the increase of cargo turn-over and amount of logistic services provided, especially for containers.

At first, for the organization of shipping of transit cargos we have made an analysis of traffic capacity on border crossing points mentioned above. In 2012 a small decrease of cargo turn-over was mentioned. Speaking individually of each border crossing point, we can emphasize on “ Pogranichnyi” and “Kraskino”, which are loaded on almost 90 % and are now under long-lasting period of reconstruction in order to provide more capabilities in future. Both of them are parts of international transport corridors “Primorye-1” and “Primorye-2’.

Secondly, we have made an analysis ofseaports. From all of them we can distinguish “Zarubino” and “Vostochny” ports. For the last 2 years the decrease in cargo turn-over was observed. For example, 110 thousand tons were serviced from 250 in project. Speaking about Vostochny port, it has elaborated 6.5million tons out of it’s capacity of 7 million tons.

After that, we have conducted an analysis of transport companies which have a legal access to international hauling. For 2013, 174 companies have been working in this area, and such companies as “Vladstroytrans”, “Primoravtotrans”, “Transcontainer”and “Vl-Logistic” are the biggest on the market, which have been working there for decades.

Afterwards, we have calculated the prime cost of shippings, which is approximately 5 million roubles on a route Suifenhe-Pogranichnyi- Nakhodka-Vostochny port and 2740000 roubles from Hunchun to Zarubino. Net profit from providing these services for a company will be about 2.7 million roubles. In forms of taxes and fees state will receive about 1 million roubles. These calculations are correct in case these transport operations are done 3 times a week by 1 truck on each route. As a result, shipping of transit cargos from China through Russian territories is profitable for transport and logistic companies because of increased cargo turn-over and, consequently, the increase of net profit.

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However, there are some problems, that block future development of international transport corridors in this region of the world:

-Low traffic capacity of border crossing points;

-Different width of rail ways in China and Russia;

-Fierce economic competition from seaports of north east China (Dalian and other ports of Liaoning province, which have their benefits formed by governmental investments and preferences;

-Governmental and departmental noncompliance of Russia’s supervisory bodies;

-Lack of state approved program of maintenance and development of motorways and border crossing points from Russian authorities in the Far East;

-Russian and Chinese systems of law do not provide safety of investments, which are vitally; important for modernization of border crossing points and infrastructure around them.

In order to improve the current situation in transport sphere of Primorsky region we propose following measure:

-Develop and implement a supervisory body, which will coordinate and manage Russian part of international transport corridor on the Far East. What is more, this body should be working in tight cooperation with it’s foreign partners and under control of federal administration. Also, this body should have the right to control tariff rates. It is important to determine, which of these duties are to be done by local regional authorities and which to be done by federal institutions;

-Make a treaties between Russia and China and between Russia and other states on working and maintaining of international transport corridors;

-Ensure by law the maximal time limit for shipping of transit goods on the whole route till the destination point. It is crucial to remember, that economy of time when shipping is the main advantage of Russian transport complex. Logistic approach “just in time” should be the main strategy when organizing an international transport corridor;

-Create conditions for liberalizing transit shipping through the Russian state border. At first it means removing overwhelming custom barriers and bureaucracy, which prevent all formalities from being done in

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normative period. Secondly, Russia’s one-way exit from the system of TIR-shipping thus violating the rules of International Road and Transport Union, which were created in order to simplify the international transportation of goods can not be considered by transport and logistic industry as a positive step;

-Formulate and establish state guaranties for investors and enterprises in order for them not to be exposed to commercial risks mercilessly;

-Improve cooperation between different objects of transport infrastructure, governmental services and economic facilities, thus improving the level of multimodal transportation;

Summarizing everything written above, I strongly believe, that our region has a bright future as a Russian gates to Asia Pacific region, and as a result of it, transport industry is to be one of the most important for Primorskiy territory. Implementing ideas from my report, transport complex in this region is to upgrade on a new level, and creating transport corridors is an essential step on this complicated, but absolutely necessary way of building a new logistic and transport complex of Russian Federation.

Resources

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284 с.

2.Аксёнов, И.Я. Единая транспортная система : учебник для вузов / И.Я. Аксёнов. – М. : Высшая школа, 2009. – 387 с.

3.Горев, А.Э. Грузовые автомобильные перевозки : учебное пособие для студентов высших учебных заведений / А.Э. Горев. – 2-е изд., стер. – М.: издательский центр «Академия», 2004. – 288 с.

4.Афанасьев, Л.Л.Единая транспортная система и автомобильные

перевозки. – 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. / Л.Л. Афанасьев, Н.Б. Островский, С.М. Цукерберг. – М.: Транспорт, 2004. – 333с. : ил.

5. Международные транспортные коридоры: трансформация региональной инфраструктуры: Научное издание. – М.: ВИНИТИ РАН, 2003. – 380 с.

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