- •ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- •TABLE OF CONTENTS
- •LIST OF TABLES
- •LIST OF FIGURES
- •INTRODUCTION
- •2.1.1 Structural Properties
- •2.1.2 Physical Properties
- •2.1.3 Electrical Properties of InN
- •2.1.3.1 Background Defects
- •2.1.4 Optical Properties of InN
- •2.2.1 Thermodynamic Models in Solid Solution
- •2.2.1.1 Regular Solution Model
- •2.2.1.2 Bonding in Semiconductor Solid Solutions Model
- •2.2.1.4 Strain Energy Model
- •2.2.1.5 First-Principal Models
- •2.2.2 Thermodynamic Analysis of InN
- •2.2.3 Phase Separation in InxGa1-xN
- •2.3.1 Growth Temperature and V/III Ratio
- •2.3.2 Nitrogen Source
- •2.4 Indium Nitride (InN) Growth Techniques
- •2.4.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
- •2.4.1.1 Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE)
- •2.4.1.2 Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE)
- •2.4.1.3 Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD)
- •2.4.3 Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
- •2.5 Substrate Materials
- •2.5.1 Sapphire Substrate (Al2O3) (0001)
- •2.5.2 Silicon (Si) Substrate
- •2.5.4 Other Substrates
- •2.5.5 Buffer Layer
- •2.6 Summary for Growth of InN on Different Substrate
- •2.6.2 Growth on Silicon (Si) Substrate
- •2.6.3 Growth on Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Substrate
- •2.6.4 Growth on Gallium Phosphorus (GaP) Substrate
- •2.7 Overview
- •THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF InN AND InXGa1-XN MOVPE GROWTH
- •3.1 Thermodynamic Analysis of InN and InxGa1-xN
- •3.1.1 Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics of InN MOVPE
- •3.2.1 Boundary Passivation Method with Hydrogen
- •5.1. Indium Nitride (InN) Growth Optimization
- •5.1.1. Substrate Selection
- •5.1.1.1. Sapphire (c-Al2O3 (0001))
- •5.1.1.2. Gallium Nitride (GaN/c-Al2O3 (0001))
- •5.1.1.3. Silicon (Si (111))
- •5.1.2. Substrate Preparation Procedure
- •5.1.3. Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) Reactor
- •5.1.4. Growth Chemistry and Conditions for InN Growth
- •5.1.5. Indium Nitride (InN) Growth and Optimization
- •5.1.5.1. Influence of Growth Temperature
- •5.1.5.2. Influence of Substrate Nitridation
- •5.1.5.3. Influence of N/In Ratio
- •5.1.5.4. Influence of Buffer Layer and Morphological Study
- •5.1.5.5. Influence of Pressure
- •5.1.5.6. Optical and Electrical Properties
- •5.1.5.7. Summary
- •5.1.6. Indium Nitride (InN) Droplet Formation
- •5.1.7. Annealing Effect
- •5.3. Inlet Tube Modification and Growth Results
- •CONCLUSIONS
- •LIST OF REFERENCES
- •BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
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Table 5-7. Growth conditions for InN.
Sample Growth condition
1Al2O3-LTGaN-InN, N/In = 50K
2Al2O3-LTInN-InN, N/In = 50K
3Si(111)-LTGaN-InN, N/In = 6K, after etching
4GaN/Al2O3-LTInN-InN, N/In = 50K, vertical inlet tube
5Al2O3-LTInN-InN,N/In = 50K, vertical inlet tube
The best electrical properties of our InN film were obtained from InN on Si (111)
and the net electron carrier concentration is 7.0 ×1018 cm3 at T = 266 K and 4.5 ×1017 cm3
at T = 41 K, and the mobility is 623 cm2/Vs at T = 266 K and 9288 cm2/Vs at T = 45 K
(Fig. 5.37 and Fig. 5.38).
Figure 5-38. Carrier concentration and mobility of InN on Si (111) at different characterization temperature using Hall measurement.
5.1.5.7. Summary
For Al2O3 (0001), the optimized growth condition of InN was found in terms of the
growth temperature, N/In ratio, buffer layer growth temperature, substrate nitridation.
The results are summarized in Table 5-8.
