- •1. Morphological structure of a word. Classification of Morphemes
- •2.Various ways of word-building in Modern e..
- •3.Modern e. Phraseology.
- •4.Lexico-semantic grouping in Modern e. Lexicon
- •5. The Latin borrowing of different periods & their historical background
- •6. French as the most important foreign influence on the e. Language (at 2 historical periods)
- •7.Gram. Category of the Noun. Case.
- •8.Gram. Category of the Verb.Voice
- •Category of voice
- •E.G. The furniture became covered in dust.
- •9 The theory of phrase
- •Subordinate word-groups fall into 2 parts: the head (an independent component) & the adjunct (a dependent component) a good [adjunct] book [head] Subordinate word-groups can be classified:
- •10.The sentence
- •Types of Sentences According to Structure
- •11 Categorical structure of the word
- •12.The theory of phoneme
- •13.Lex. Stylistic devices.
- •14 Lexico-syntactical sd
- •Periphrasis a sd, which basically consists of using a round-about form of expression in stead of a simple one e.G. Weak sex, root of the devil(money)
- •15.The theory of intonation
- •16.Phonetic & Graph. Stylistic devices
- •Graph. Sd
- •17.Syntactical stylistic devices
- •Repetition (sd) is reiteration of the same word, word combination, phrase for 2 or more times. Several types:
- •18 Parts of speech(Gram. Classes of Words)
- •19 Types of meaning.Semantic structure of a word.
- •Change of meaning
- •20 The adj.. The category of Comparison.
- •21 Category of Definiteness - Indefiniteness
- •The functions of the indefinite article
- •The functions of the definite article
The functions of the definite article
The definite article expresses the definiteness of the object named or the familiarity with the object named & has one principle function,
1) the limiting function. The definite article singles the object named out of a class of similar objects. The noun with the definite article st&s for an object, person or thing known from the circumstances, the situation, the context. e.g. come to the blackboard. In its limiting function the definite article is often used with nouns modified by limiting attributes E.g. This is the house that Jack built. She was the smartest girl in the room. The definite article is also used with the names of unique things (the sun, the moon, the earth, the air, the world, the cosmos, etc). In this case the limiting function of the definite article is based on the exclusiveness of the object named.
2) the generic function. Sometimes the definite article is used with a noun which st&s for the whole of a class of similar objects. E.g. The telephone (as a means of communication) was invented by Bell in the 19th century.
3) the communicating function The definite article is usually used with a noun which expresses “the known” in a communication. E.g. The door opened & a man entered the room. Instead of the definite article in E. the possessive pronoun is sometimes used. The possessive pronouns are usually used with nouns naming parts of body, articles of clothing, etc. E.g. He laid his h& on his sword. Such possessive pronouns are not rendered into Rus. & are not meant to express “possession”. This substitution of the article by possessive pronouns is only possible, however, when the objects expressed by the nouns with possessive pronouns belong to the subject of the sentence, otherwise we must use the definite article. cf.He took the matter into his hands. He took the child by the hand.
The absence of the article before a material or abstract noun has a nominating function. E.g. Life goes on.
In Modern E. the article may be omitted for stylistic reasons or for the sake of brevity. e.g. parcel received letter following (telegram)