- •Часть II
- •Пояснительная записка
- •Contents
- •1.3 Match the phrase from column a with its meaning from column b.
- •1.4 Read the text and make up its plan. Draw three schemes on the first paragraph of the text.
- •1.5 Read text 1.4 again, find English equivalents to the Russian words.
- •1.6 Read the text once more and match the following words from a to their meanings from b.
- •1.7 What do the following words refer to? Read the sentences with them.
- •1.8 Complete the sentences from the text above.
- •1.9 Answer the questions to the text.
- •1.10 Read the text and find additional information about biology.
- •1.12 Retell text 1.4 according to your plan and add some more information from text 1.10.
- •1.13 Look at these words that appear in the text. Check the meaning and the pronunciation of any unknown words in the dictionary.
- •1.14 Match the phrases from column a with their meanings from column b.
- •1.15 Read and give the title to the text below, draw the schemes to the first paragraph of the text and make up the plan of its second paragraph.
- •1.16 Match the words from column a with its meaning from column b
- •1.17 Answer the following questions using the information from
- •1.18 Work in groups. Read the text and say what new information about plants and animals you have got from it:
- •1.19 Complete the gaps in the following text with the words from
- •1.20 Match Russian sentences from part a (1–12) with their English equivalents from part b (a–I).
- •Remember:
- •1.21 Form the plural of the following nouns:
- •The Passive Voice
- •1.22 Read and translate the following sentences, paying attention to the use of the Passive forms.
- •1.24 State the tense and voice of the verbs.
- •1.25 Open the brackets using the correct form of the verbs in the Passive Voice.
- •1.26 Complete the sentences with the correct form of one of the verbs given below, using the Passive Voice.
- •1.27 How can animals in danger be saved from extinction? This is what happened to the oryx. Complete the text by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the passive.
- •1.28 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct form (Active or Passive Voice).
- •The Natural World. Plants and Animals
- •2.5 Using the text, give characteristics to all groups of vertebrates
- •2.6 Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words given below:
- •The world around us
- •2.7 Read and correct the sentences:
- •2.12 Read the text about mammals and answer the questions. Mammals
- •2.13 Answer the questions:
- •2.14 Translate the following words into Russian. Then complete the columns:
- •2.15 Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •2.16 Match the verbs in a with their meanings in b, then use these verbs in the right form in the sentences below.
- •2.17 Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •Неличные формы глагола
- •Неличные формы глагола и синтаксические обороты
- •Формы инфинитива
- •2.18 Pay attention to the use of the Active Infinitive in the following sentences, state its function and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2.19 Pay attention to the use of the Passive Infinitive in the following sentences, state its function and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2.20 Open the brackets using the correct form of the Infinitive.
- •2.21 Underline the Complex Subject with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2.22 Underline the Complex Object with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •The Classifications of Living Things
- •Animal kingdom
- •Plant kingdom
- •3.8 Look through the text and choose the most suitable heading from the list 1- 5 for each part a-d of the text. There is an extra heading that you do not need to use.
- •3.9 You are going to read the text. Check the meaning and pronounciation of the words in the dictionary.
- •3.10 Match the phrase in column a with its definition in column b.
- •3.11 Read the text and define its main idea: linnean system of classification
- •3.12 Find the pairs of synonyms:
- •3.13 Complete the sentences:
- •3.14 Work in pairs:
- •3.15 Read the text and answer the questions.
- •3.16 Speak on the topics:
- •3.17 Match the words in a with their meanings in b.
- •3.18 Match each animal from the box with the animal group it belongs to. Some animals can be used more than once.
- •What is a mammal?
- •3.20 Match each of these parts of body (a-d) to an animal from the box.
- •3.22 State whether ing-forms are gerunds, verbal nouns or participles.
- •3.23 Read the sentences, explain the use of the Gerund and translate them into Russian.
- •3.24 Use the Gerund of the verbs in brackets.
- •3.25 Complete the sentences using the Gerund.
- •4.4 Find in the text the words or phrases similar to the following words:
- •4.5 Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •4.6 Complete the sentences
- •4.7 Read and translate the following text without a dictionary and guess the meaning of the underlined words:
- •4.8 Read the text and fill in the gaps, using the words below:
- •4.9 Translate the following passages and entitle them:
- •4.10 Entitle the text and get ready to answer the questions.
- •4.11 Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words given below:
- •4.12 Translate the text without a dictionary and guess the meaning of the underlined words: Cell components
- •4.14 Reproduce in your own words:
- •4.15 Compose short dialogues for the following imaginary situations:
- •4.16 State the functions of Participle I. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •4.17 State the functions of Participle II. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •4.19 Find the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions, analyze what their elements are expressed by and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •4.20 Translate the text into Russian, paying attention to the Participles: Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Systems
- •4.21 Translate the following sentences into Russian and substitute the Absolute Participle Construction by clauses and vice versa.
- •4.22 Translate into Russian:
- •4.23 Note the use of verbals in translate them into Russian. Prehistoric plants
- •Biology
- •3. Read the text and answer the question:
- •What is Biology
- •4. Read the text and tell about the differences in sensitivity of plants and animals.
- •8. Read the text and find English equivalents to the Russian sentences:
- •Respiration
- •9. Read the text and find English equivalents to the Russian words:
- •Excretion
- •10. Read the text and answer the questions. Growth
- •11. Read the text and tell about homeostasis. Maintaining life
- •Where Organisms Live?
- •Animal inhabitants of the british isles
- •3. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •Selling ivory
- •In the text above find the underlined words, which are close in meaning to those below:
- •4. Do the crossword.
- •5. Study the meanings of these four related verbs.
- •In some cases more than one answer is possible.
- •6. Translate the following texts, using your dictionary. Fill in the gaps with the words given below:
- •6. Read the text, classify the animals (reptiles, birds, etc.) and speak on the peculiarities of Britain's fauna. Animal inhabitants of the british isles
- •7. Read the text and pick out words that can be used in description of a bird (e. G. Feathers, to fly, etc.). Then give a short summary of the text. The long history of birds
- •8. Read the text and speak on the evolution of the birds in Australia. Australia's birds
- •9. Read the text and match the two words in bold with their definitions given below.
- •The eggs — a living masterpiece
- •10. Read the text, fill in the gaps with the words from the box and explain the underlined word.
- •11. In the texts below, fill in the blanks with "male(s)" or "female(s)". The singing humpback whale
- •12. The paragraphs below are mixed up. Join the paragraphs so as to get a whole text. Begin with paragraph 2.
- •13. Read the text and match the titles with the paragraphs:
- •14. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading from the list a-c for each part 1 – 3 of the text.
- •15. Read the text and do the assignments that follow it.
- •Carolus Linnaeus
- •Simple Organisms
- •3. Read the text and say if the sentences are true or false; correct false sentences.
- •Invertebrates
- •4. Read the text make up its plan and answer the questions.
- •6. Read the text, tell about characteristic features of amphibians and the differences between frogs and toads; find English equivalents to the Russian expressions:
- •Amphibians
- •Arthropods
- •Reptiles
- •Mammals
- •Nonflowering Plants
- •Flowering Plants
- •3. Read the text, make up its plan and match English words in a with their English equivalents in b The Cell
- •The stuff of life
- •Vocabulary
- •Bibliography
- •Английский язык
- •Часть II
- •Подписано в печать Тираж зкз.
- •625003, Тюмень, Семакова, 10.
4.22 Translate into Russian:
1. The chemists have developed new polymers, some of them having a high degree of strength. 2. The conversation was interesting, many students taking part in it. 3. Medium temperature between 200° and 250° С having been maintained, a new artificial substance was obtained.
4. In the cells there is often division of labour, particular cells being more concerned with some life functions than with others. 5. Already about 350,000 different kinds of plants have been studied and named, new kinds being discovered each year. 6. The temperature of the tissue rising dangerously, water will evaporate through the mesophill cells. 7. Conifers being beautiful trees, many people like to have them around their houses to decorate the landscape. 8. The botany-zoology system grew up naturally as biological science developed, the emphasis during its early years being placed on structure and relationships.
4.23 Note the use of verbals in translate them into Russian. Prehistoric plants
Everyone has seen animals in cages even though they may not like the idea. Believe it or not cages plants also exist. They are the Wallemi Pine, possibly the world’s oldest plants, and have been kept for breeding and research purposes. The Wallemi Pine, which flourished in Australia before continental drift made for a drier climate, was discovered in 1994, after having been thought to be extinct for between 20 and 40 million years. It had previously been found only in fossilized form.
The present specimens, discovered in the Blue Mountains in New South Wales, have been dated to over1,000 years old. It is hoped that the 38 genetlcally identical plants will thrive, despite the danger of disease which would arise from their sharing the same DNA. One thing for sure, the Wallemi Pine will not be able to escape from their cages.
PART II
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
UNIT 1
Read the text and answer the questions.
Biology
How do living things differ?
Biology is the scientific study of living things. There are more than 2 million species of living things on the earth. They range in size from microscopic bacteria to huge blue whales and towering redwood trees. Living things also differ greatly in where and how they live. However, all forms of life share certain characteristics that set them apart from nonliving things. These characteristics include the ability to reproduce, to grow, and to respond to changes in the environment.
What is biology divided into?
Traditionally, biology has been divided into two major fields. Botany deals with plants, and zoology with animals. Botany and zoology are further divided into various branches and specialized areas of study. But most branches of biology – for example, anatomy (the study of the structure of living things) and genetics (the study of heredity) – apply to both plants and animals.
Biology may also be divided into ecology, physiology, and systematics. Ecology deals with the relationships among living things and between organisms and their environment. Physiology concerns life functions, such as digestion and respiration. Systematics, also called taxonomy, is the scientific classification of plants and animals.
Findings of what sciences do biologists make use of?
Biologists often make use of the methods and findings of other sciences. For instance, they rely on physics and chemistry to help them understand the processes that occur in living plants and animals. They use statistics in studying changes in the size of an animal or plant population – that is, the number of organisms of a particular species in an area. Exobiologists work with astronomers in searching for life elsewhere in the universe.
How has biological research affected people's lives?
Biological research has greatly affected people's lives. For example, farm production has soared as biologists have helped develop better varieties of plants and new agricultural techniques. Biologists also work in industry especially the pharmaceutical and food industries. Biotechnologists develop new methods for the ргерагаtion of products using microorganisms. Discoveries in biology have enabled doctors to prevent, treat, or cure many diseases. Research on the relationships between living things and their environment has helped in the management of wildlife and other natural resources.
Study the information and tell about the branches of biology which are closer to your interests.
1 Anatomy deals with the structure of living things.
2 Bacteriology is the study of bacteria.
3 Biochemistry examines the chemical processes and substances that occur in living things.
4 Biophysics applies the tools and techniques of physics to the study of living things.
5 Botany is the study of plants.
6 Cryobiology analyses how extremely low temperatures affect.
7 Cytobiology studies the structure, composition, and functions of cells.
8 Ecology concerns the relationships living things have with one another and with their environment.
9 Embryology deals with the formation and development of plants and animals from fertilization until they become independent organisms.
10 Entology is the study of insects.
11 Ethology concerns animal behaviour under natural conditions.
12 Evolutionary biology is the study of the evidence supporting the theory of evolution.
13 Genetics is the study of heredity.
14 Ichthyology is the study of fish.
15 Immunology concerns the body's defenses against disease and foreign substances.
16 Limnology studies bodies of fresh water and the organisms that live in them.
17 Marine biology investigates life in the sea.
18 Medicine is the science and art of healing.
19 Microbiology deals with microscopic organisms.
20 Molecular biology analyses molecular processes in cells.
21 Neurobiology deals with the nervous system of animals.
22 Ornithology is the study of birds.
23 Paleontology is the study of fossils.
24 Pathology examines the changes in the body that can cause disease or are caused by disease.
25 Physiology deals with the functions of living things.
26 Sociobiology focuses on the biological basis for social behaviour in human beings and other animals.
27 Systematics, also called taxonomy, is the scientific classification of plants and animals.
28 Virology concerns viruses and virus diseases.
29 Zoology is the study of animals.