Notes to the text

1. demand per capita – потребность на душу населения.

2. Energy Detective - The Energy Detective, also known as TED, is an energy demand feedback device that promotes energy conservation by making residential consumers aware of how much electrical energy is being used in their homes.

3. Enigin Plc's Eniscope - an advanced real-time smart meter is an example of cutting edge energy saving technology; a good opportunity to save money on your lighting, air conditioning, electric motors and refrigeration.

4. Ecowizard - a new system from Japan, a subsidiary of Crossbow Technology, that enables users to analyze and monitor energy consumption in real-time using intuitive visualization tools allowing intelligent and efficient energy conservation.

5. EDSA’a Paladin Live - This new software platform is a “master controller”; enables the use of distributed and on-premise energy sources that include local co-generation, wind and solar without affecting the reliability of utility grid.

Ex.4 Find English equivalents for the following Russian expressions.

Энергосбережение, дефицит энергии, дневное освещение, государственная и личная безопасность, непосредственный потребитель энергии, энергетические затраты, технические усовершенствования, избыточное освещение, потребление энергии на душу населения, возобновляемые/невозобновляемые источники энергии, высокий уровень жизни, стереотип поведения, неэкономные автоматические энергосберегающие технологии, более легкое решение проблем экологии, дома или на рабочем месте.

Wasteful automatic energy saving technologies, in workplace or homes, behavioural patterns, a higher quality of life, technological improvements, a more environmentally benign alternative, renewable /non-renewable resources, energy demand per capita, direct consumers of energy, national security and personal security, energy conservation, natural daylighting, energy costs, over-illumination, energy shortages.

Ex.5 Answer the following questions about the text.

1. What industrial or household application of electricity do you know? 2. Can you imagine our life without electricity? Why? 3. Which non-traditional sources of energy can you name? 4. How is energy concervation achieved? 5. What does standard economic theory suggest? 6. Does bright lighting stimulates purchasing? 7. Could you agree that natural daylighting increases productivity levels of workers? 8. What real-time energy monitors and meters are able to help people save energy?

Ex.6 Find in the text sentences with modal verbs and translate them.

Ex.7 What does the word in italics mean in the following sentences? Consult the text “Energy conservation”.

1. This reduces the rise in energy costs.

2. This occurs in two ways.

3. This does not imply that increased fuel efficiency is worthless.

4. It has been shown that natural daylighting increases productivity levels of workers, while reducing energy consumption.

5. Some retailers argue that bright lighting stimulates purchasing.

6. Standard economic theory suggests that technological improvements will tend to increase, rather than reduce energy use.

Ex.8 Read the sentences. Define the subject and the predicate in these sentences. Translate them.

1. Visible light is simply another form of electromagnetic radiation with a shorter wavelength (and therefore a higher frequency) than infrared radiation.2.The important fact is that electricity offers improved service at reduced cost. 3. The indicator of national development is how much electricity is consumed per capita. 4. With the development of atomic and molecular theories in the late 1800s and early 1900s, thermodynamics was given a molecular interpretation. 5. While the Energy Conservation Center promotes energy efficiency in every aspect, private entities are implementing the efficient use of energy to industries. 6. During this time a fierce rivalry known as the "War of Currents" emerged between Edison, Westinghouse and Tesla over which form of transmission (direct or alternating current) was superior.7. Current and voltage can vary with respect to time (AC power) or can be kept at constant levels (DC power).

Ex.9 Translate the following abstract into Russian using a dictionary.

Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom and the US

Energy conservation in the United Kingdom has been receiving increased attention over recent years. Key factors behind this are the Government's commitment to reducing carbon emissions, the projected 'energy gap' in UK electricity generation, and the increasing reliance on imports to meet national energy needs. Domestic housing and road transport are currently the two biggest problem areas.

The UK Government has jointly funded the Energy Saving Trust to promote energy conservation at a consumer, business and community level since 1993 up to present.

The United States is currently the largest single consumer of energy. The U.S. Department of Energy categorizes national energy use in four broad sectors: transportation, residential, commercial, and industrial.

Energy usage in transportation and residential sectors (about half of U.S. energy consumption) is largely controlled by individual domestic consumers. Commercial and industrial energy expenditures are determined by businesses entities and other facility managers. National energy policy has a significant effect on energy usage across all four sectors.

Ex.10 Retell the text “Energy conservation”.