Yarovaya

9. Hotels. (Любимцева С.Н. p. 296.)

HOTELS

When people travel they almost always stay at hotels or guest houses. It is necessary to remember the following:

1.The first thing to do is to book a room in advance by letter, telephone or telegram, or you may arrive at the hotel and told that there are no rooms available.

2.On arrival at the hotel go to the reception desk and confirm you reservation. The clerk will then give you a registration form fill in and sign (the form is filled in in block letters).

3.At large hotels you may ask for any service by telephone. You tell the telephone operator if you want to be called at a certain time; you call room service when you want a meal or drinks; if you need something (say, a suit or a dress cleaned or pressed).

4.Let the hotel manager know in advance the day and the time of your departure.

on arrival по прибытии; to confirm подтверждать

10. Sheraton-Damascus. (Любимцева С.Н. p. 296.)

SHERATON-DAMASCUS

You can find Sheraton hotels on all the continents of the world. They are famous for their good food and services. The Sheraton-Damascus in Syria was built to satisfy the growing need for hotel living both for individual guests and those traveling in groups. The hotel is situated near the commercial centre of the capital and is an ideal place for conferences, shows and exhibitions.

The Sheraton-Damascus is a first-class hotel and can accommodate up to 800 guests in its rooms and suites. All the rooms have private bathrooms and an automatic telephone system. The hotel is air-conditioned to provide maximum comfort for its guests. The Sheraton-Damascus offers a lot of facilities, such as 24 hours daily room service, a coffee bar for quick meals and grillrooms, a beauty parlour, a barber's shop, shoe-repair shop, dry cleaning, etc. For conferences or banquets the hotel can accommodate up to 1,000 guests and there are smaller rooms for seminars and individual parties.

Among other facilities, there is a swimming-pool, a sauna and a garage. The hotel can organize car hire and sightseeing tours.

to accommodate размещать к гостинице, принимать в гостинице; suite номер-люкс; grill-room гриль-бар; among среди; beauty parlour) салон красоты, женская парикмахерская; barber's (shop) мужская парикмахерская; parking area стоянка; shoe-repair shop мастерская по ремонту обуви; dry cleaning химчистка; car hire прокат машин

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IV семестр

1. Ural Has It All!

Ural riches at your disposal!

The Ural area is one of the richest regions in Russia It possesses wonderful minerals and stones, various natural resources, rich flora and fauna, ages long historical and cultural traditions, kind and open-hearted people.

Unique natural phenomena: The Kungur Ice Cave and The Kungur Forest and Stepp Territory, as well as the open-air etnographic museum of wooden Ural architecture in Khohlovka, the abnormal zone Molebka, an attraction of the UFO fans are waiting for you.

If you like boating and rafting down the rapid Ural rivers the Sylva, the Chusovaya, the Vishera, if you are fond of hunting in a winter Ural forest or like hiking and mountain climbing, then you are welcome to the Urals.

The striking beauty of the northern Urals will amaze you!

Do you know where the border between Europe and Asia is situated? If «no» ,then visit us and you'll see the border column on the mountain top and take wonderful pictures there.

Ural's riches await you!

Capture them in your hearts for a moment and they will remain with you for ever!

2. Perm.

Perm today is rather a large regional center. It occupies the territory of about 721 km. So it is the second largest city in Russia after Moscow concerning its territory.

Perm is inhabited by 1000000 people of more than 70 nationalities. In 2008 we will celebrate its 285-th anniversary. In 1723 a big copper smelting plant was set up on the Egoshiha river which gave birth to the city itself. The Perm historians suppose that Perm got its name from the Komi word 'perema' which means 'a hill covered with forest'. And you can see that the territory of Perm is really hilly and there were times when the territory was covered with forests. The Komies were the native people of our lands.

For a long time, beginning with the Egoshiha copper smelting works, Perm developed as an industrial place. Now it is a large industrial center, having about 120 enterprises which employ more than half of its population. They produce a lot of goods, the most famous are jet-engines, cables, bicycles, telephones etc. Perm is a city of science and students as well. There are more than 40 scientific research institutions in it, the Ural branch of the Academy of Sciences, 10 higher schools, the Perm University being the oldest one.

Perm has old cultural traditions. The names of Popov, Sviyasev, Dyagilev, Mamin-Sibiryk, Bahzov and others were connected with our city.

Now we have some professional theatres, a ballet company «Experiment», some theatre studios, a philarmonic society, a museum of local lore, a picture gallery, famous for its unique collection of wooden sculpture and icon collection of the Stroganovs school of icon painting.

Looking to the past of Perm we can see that Perm developed as a large transport center. Now we have a large airport, a transcontinental mainline and an important water artery - the Kama river.

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3. Moscow. (Бурова З.И. p. 343-345.)

MOSCOW

Moscow is the capital of Russia. It was founded by Prince Yury Dolgoruky in 1147. Its eight hundred and sixtieth anniversary was widely celebrated in 2007. There is a monument to Y. Dolgoruky in the very center of Moscow. It has been erected just opposite the building of the Moscow Government.

During the whole history of Russia Moscow played the leading part in its cultural and political life. In 1918 Moscow became the capital of Russia again, though for two centuries before it, the capital of Russia had been St. Petersburg. Moscow is the seat of the Government and President of Russia. The center of Moscow is Red Square. Manifestations and parades take place in this square during the holidays. Moscow is always beautifully decorated and illuminated during the holidays. Many important events in the history of Russia have been connected with the name of Moscow.

Now Moscow is a big industrial, cultural and political centre of the country. Its numerous plants and factories produce various machines for all branches of national economy and different consumer goods for the population.

Moscow is a large educational and scientific centre. There is a great number of various educational establishments and research institutes here and the oldest one is Moscow University. It was founded by M. Lomonosov in the 18th century and now it bears his name. The building of Moscow University is so high that one can see it from different parts of the city. It is one of the highest buildings in Moscow. Moscow is also the seat of the Academy of Sciences of Russia with its numerous institutes, laboratories and research institutes.

Moscow is beautiful. We admire its fine buildings, magnificent palaces, architectural monuments, beautiful green parks and squares. Those who have not been to Moscow for a long time are deeply impressed by the changes that have taken place in the general appearance of the city. Its size has been greatly increased. A great deal of quite new districts have appeared in it lately. The planning of these districts meets the requirements of a new modern town — long straight streets, blocks of flats of modern design with all necessary modern conveniences and much greenery in the streets and around the houses. Thousands of new blocks of flats in various parts of Moscow have already been built and great construction work is still going on.

The Moscow Government does its best to improve the traffic system. It is being improved from year to year. The Moscow underground is no doubt the best in the world. It connects the centre of the city with almost all districts and suburbs of Moscow. The underground is the quickest and most convenient means of transport.

The Moscow Kremlin is one of the world's largest collections of historical and art treasures. The cultural life of the capital is very rich. There are plenty of cinemas, theatres, museums and art exhibitions here. Special exhibitions demonstrating the largest achievements of world and Russian industry, high technology, agriculture and culture are often held in Moscow.

A wonderful collection of world famous pictures by Kramskoy, Polenov, Surikov and other Russian and contemporary artists is being exhibited in the Tretyakov Gallery. The Pushkin Art

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Museum possesses art works by foreign masters. In the world famous Bolshoi Theatre one can see the best ballet performances and hear Russian and foreign operas. Moscow is also famous for one of the largest libraries in the world — The Russian State Library where one can find all conveniences for work and study.

4. London. (Любимцева С.Н. p. 238-239.)

LONDON

London is situated on the Thames River. The Thames is very beautiful. It plays an important role in the country's life.

When a person comes to London for the first time in his life he will get different impressions of the city. He will believe that the city is too noisy, too large and overcrowded. But of course he will like it.

Everybody enjoys London's places of interest: museums, world famous galleries, theatres, Hyde Park, the City, Big Ben, the Tower of London and others.

The Tower of London is a very old building. It is more than 900 years old. English kings lived in it many years ago, but now it is a museum. People who come to London like to go to the Tower.

Most Londoners do not work on Sundays, they are fond of going to different parks in London, to the seaside. One of the finest and the most beautiful parks in London is Hyde Park. People have their meetings in Hyde Park and Trafalgar Square.

Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. In the north of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery, an art gallery in which there are many wonderful pictures of English artists.

There are many old buildings in London. The . City is the business centre of London. There are a lot of offices and banks in the City. It is a very busy place in daytime but when the office-hours are over, almost all the people, about a million, who come to work in the City, leave for home.

5. St. Petersburg.

ST. PETERSBURG

One of the main and most beautiful cities in Russia is St. Petersburg. It is not as old as Moscow. It was founded by Peter the Great in 1703.

St. Petersburg is situated on the Neva river and is an important seaport. The area of St. Petersburg is about 600 square kilometres. The population is about 5 million people and it is growing rapidly.

The climate is changeable and not very pleasant, particularly in late autumn. The most beautiful time of the year is "the month of white nights" in June.

St. Petersburg is a big cultural centre of Russia. It is famous for architectural monuments and museums.

The people who live in St. Petersburg are fond and proud of their city. Their living conditions are improving. A lot of new houses with all modern conveniences have appeared during the last 15 years.

The transport system is developing. It has become easier to get about the city.

St. Petersburg is an important business centre with multi-storey hotels and offices. It is an important industrial centre, with a number of plants and factories producing equipment and different consumer goods.

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6. Sightseeing in Perm.

A walking excursion about Perm.

At last we have arrived to the last point of our excursion - Mamin Sibiryak public garden. This place is familiar to all Perm citizens and all Perm guests. It is a former cathedral square which now became the visiting card of our city. The main attraction of a square is the magnificent building of the Lord Transfiguration Monastery Cathedral. In 1932 the building was given to the picture gallery and now it occupies the premises of the cathedral. But according to the decision of the Russian Government all former churches should be given back to the Russian Church. And there is an intension to remove the Art Gallery to some other place and to give this cathedral back to the Perm parishioners. The Perm Picture Gallery is worth saying some more words about.

It is world famous for its unique wooden sculpture of Perm Gods of the 17-18th and 19th centuries. We are also proud of the icons of the Strogonovs school of icon painting. The Gallery has a big collection of Russian painting of the 18th and 19th centuries as well as the works of Russian painters of the 20th century.

The place chosen for the main city square was the best one for this purpose. It is the highest spot on the bank of the river Kama seen from all places of the area. It has a wonderful view of the Kama river and the city below the hill. The constructions of the cathedral began in 1797. The stone for it was brought to the city from the ancient Pyskorsk monastery from the Solikamsk district. The construction lasted 35 years. A provincial architect Vasiliev began to erect the bell tower. But when the second floor was constructed the building crashed down because of the mistakes in the calculations. A famous Russian architect Sviazev was asked to finish its construction. Now the 64 meters spire of the cathedral admires us by its perfect from and classic style. Under the bell tower there was a summer cold church , while later on there was built a warm, winter one. The building had 2 iconostasis, the icons for which were done by the Stroganovs icons masters. Now one of the iconostasis is still preserved in the gallery but it needs considerable reconstruction.

The cathedral square had 2 more buildings. One of - them was a bishop's house. Now it is a local museum and opposite it there was a theological seminary also constructed by the architects Sviyazev and Kruglyashov. For a long time it housed the Higher Military school of Artilery.

In the center of the square you can see the bust of Mamin Sibiryak. The square bares his name. He is a famous Ural writer who was also a graduate of the former theological seminary, alongside with the inventor of radio Popov or Ural story teller Bazhov.

7. The ancient cities of Russia: St. Petersburg – Pskov – Novgorod – St. Petersburg.

THE ANCIENT CITIES OF RUSSIA.

St. Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia. It was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great as ―the window to Europe‖. Since 1712 till 1918 St. Petersburg was the capital of Russia. It is rightly considered to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It impresses one by the combination of monumental architecture with the strict planning of its broad streets and squares, parks, gardens, canals and buildings forming a single harmonic pattern. The most characteristic part

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of the city's architecture is the Neva embankment area where one finds such fine architectural monuments as the Smolny Institute, the Field of Mars, the Palace Square, the Peter and Paul Fortress, the Winter Palace, St. Isaac's Cathedral and many other historical buildings, castles and palaces.

St. Petersburg is a city of great cultural importance. There are about 50 museums and more than 30 theatres and concert halls in St. Petersburg.

The tourists following the route mentioned above will spend 3 days in St. Petersburg. The guide-interpreter will meet them in the airport and help them to get accommodation in the hotel («Russ» or «Palace of Youth»). The tourists will be offered dinner in the hotel restaurant.

The next day after breakfast the group will go for a city tour by coach and visit the worldfamous Hermitage — one of the most outstanding art museums in the world. It is the largest museum in Russia and it is known throughout the world for its collection of art treasures: paintings, sculptures, pieces of primitive and ancient cultures and many other things.

In the afternoon the tourists will have spare lime to explore the city on their own. In the evening the tourists will dine in the hotel restaurant.

On the third day after breakfast the group will go on a coach excursion to one of the former tsar's residences in the suburbs of St. Petersburg: Petrodvorets, famous for its parks, fountains and the Great Palace; Pushkin, where the pearl of Russian architecture — Catherine's Palace is situated in the marvelous park or Pavlovsk, one of the most beautiful St. Petersburg's environments, the summer residence of Russian emperor Paul the First. The excursion includes a visit to one of these palaces.

After the excursion the tourists will be taken to the railway station from where they will leave for Pskov by our "retro-train". In the train the tourists will have dinner. This day and during the whole journey the skilled dining-car staff will provide them with delicious and diverse meals including dishes of Russian and European cuisine.

After visiting St. Petersburg which is actually a European city the tourists will move to the genuine ancient Russian towns Pskov and Novgorod. Both of them are about a thousand years old.

The first town to visit is Pskov which is situated on the banks of the river Velikaya (Great) not far from the Pskov Lake 260 km to the south-west of St. Petersburg. For many centuries Pskov was an important frontier, an outpost of Russian lands in the north-west. There are many medieval churches and houses in Pskov. The survey tour of Pskov includes a visit to the Kremlin (the fortress). The Kremlin and the buildings within its boundaries date back to the 12!h — 13th centuries. The most prominent of the buildings is the magnificent 17lh century Trinity Cathedral. It functions nowadays and the tourists are going to visit it.

Due to its favourable geographical position Pskov was a centre of trade and many wealthy merchants had their houses built in the city. In the afternoon the tourists are visiting the museum Pogankiny Palaty, which used to be the house of a wealthy medieval merchant. The visitors get acquainted with the way of life of well-to-do citizens.

The next day the tourists are travelling by coach to little ancient towns of Izborsk and Pechory not far from Pskov.

Izborsk is half a century older than Pskov. The Izborsk stone fortress was built on the hills in the 14"' century. It played an important role in the Russian-Levon War. German Knights from

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the Baltic lands (Levon Knights) could not conquer it and the joining territories. The tourist, will visit this fortress. There are splendid views of environments from the fortress hill.

In Pechory the tourists will visit the functioning Pc-chory Monastery which was founded in 1473. It was one of the few functioning monasteries in the Soviet period of Russian history. In the 15lh century the monastery situated in a ravine was surrounded by high and broad stone walls with mighty towers and since then the monastery and the fortress went together.

The monastery is well restored and carefully looked after by the monks. Bright colours of the buildings' walls, blue domes of the Assumption Cathedral with white stars shining on them, colorful flower beds covering the territory — all this makes an unforgettable impression. The tourists will probably have the opportunity to have dinner in the monastery dinning-hall. Besides watching the monastery from within the tourists will have a splendid view of it from a comfortable site on the neighbouring hill.

In the evening the tourists will leave for Novgorod (the English equivalent of the name is New City) which is-more than a thousand years old. It is located at the crossing point of trading routes linking East and West. Novgorod has become a "window into Europe" long before St. Petersburg. In the period between the 12th and the end of the 16th centuries Novgorod was an independent city, a boijar republic ruled by elected head (posadnik) and popular assembly (veche).

There arc many ancient buildings, mainly churches in Novgorod. The oldest part of the Kremlin (Detinets) dates back to the beginning of the 1 lth century, while the principle Novgorod Cathedral of St. Sophia, the oldest stone church in the northern area of Russian Lands was erected in the middle of the 1lth century.

There are many small white ancient attractive churches scattered throughout Novgorod. A city tour gives the opportunity to see most of them and to observe the Kremlin and the monuments within including the Cathedral of St. Sophia and the monument to the 1000"1 Anniversary of the Foundation of Russia.

After dinner in the restaurant Detinets which is situated in one of the old buildings of the Kremlin the tourists will go on excursion to the Granovitaya Palata, once the central Hall of the Novgorod boijar republic where ancient arms, jewelry, objects of domestic utilities and archeological findings are exhibited.

On the last day of the tour the tourists are visiting Desyatinny Monastery which was founded in the 13lh century by Alexander Nevsky's mother Feodosia.

After visiting all those places of interests the tourists will come back to St. Petersburg.

7. Places of Interest.

PLACES OF INTEREST

A few suggestions for the morning after the night before. They all make spectacular visits, and you don't need to be a history scholar.

Castles and historic houses

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The Tower of London (open all year, Tel.: (0171) 709 0765, U: tower Hill), founded by William the Conqueror in the 12th century, complete Crown Jewels.

Windsor Castle and Buckingham Palace are official residences of the Queen and are open to the public. Windsor Castle (Windsor, Tel.: (01753) 868286), despite the fire in one part of the castle in 1992, is open all year. Buckingham Palace (London, Tel.: (0171) 839 1377 for group bookings only, U: Green Park) is open for 8 weeks in August and September; individual will have to queue for admission and groups of minimum 25 must prebook.

Warwick Castle (Warwick, Tel.: (01926) 406600) with its Ghost Tower and dungeons is spectacular.

Leeds Castle (near Maidstone, Tel.: (01622) 765400) is built in the middle of a lake which is set in glorious green surroundings.

Glamis Castle (Glamis, Tel.: (01307) 840242) was the legendary setting of Shakespeare's play Macbeth.

Caernarfon Castle (Cacrnarfon, Tel.: (01286) 677617) was the 1969 setting for the investiture of HRH Prince Charles as Prince of Wales.

Edinburgh Castle (Tel: (0131) 225 9846) dates from the 111'1 century and stands on a precipitous crag dominating the Scottish capital's skyline.

Cardiff Castle (Tel.: (01222) 372737) has 1900 years of history and is located in the heart of the capital city of Wales.

Blenheim Palace (Woodstock, Tel.: (01993) 811091) the home of the Duke of Marlborough and birthplace of Winston Churchill.

Chatsworth (Bakewell, Tel: (01246) 582204), dating from the 17th century.

Longleat (Warminster, Tel.: (01985) 844400) has magnificent collections for public viewing. The Great British Heritage Pass gives unlimited entry to over 600 castles, gardens and his-

toric houses throughout the UK. A gazetteer, giving locations and opening times, comes with the pass. Price: £30 for the seven-day ticket, £42 for the 15-day ticket, £56 for the one month ticket.

The pass is available, upon production of your passport, from the British Travel Centre. Or contact the BTA for details of how to buy the pass in your own country.

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Литература

1.Бурова З.И. Учебник английского языка для гуманитарных специальностей вузов, М.: Айрис-пресс, 2006.

2.Митина Л.Е., Петрова Л.С. Деловой английский, Путешествие: Учебное пособие. СПб.: Лениздат; издательство «Союз», 2001.

3.Любимцева С.Н., Тарковская Б.М., Памухина Л.Г. Деловой английский. Учебник М.: «ГИС», 1998г.

4.Яровая Л.А. Пособие по обучению чтению и письму на английском языке для студентов 1-го курса специализации «менеджер туризма». Пермь: ПГИИК, 1996.

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