Задание V. Перефразируйте следующие утверждения, используя

причастный оборот вместо придаточного предложения.

Помните: Союз, вводящий обстоятельственное придаточное предложение,

сохраняется в причастном обороте с Причастием II.

e.g.	1. The increase in volume that follows the rise of temperature is typical in most cases. The increase in volume following the rise of temperature is typical in most cases.
	2. When the students read foreign journals they use dictionary. When reading foreign journals students use dictionary.
	3. When the mixture was heated it changed it colour. When heated the mixture changed its colour.

1. The mixture which is being heated in the vessel will soon boil.

2. If the substance is heated under pressure it begins to melt.

3. The instrument which measures atmospheric pressure is called barometer.

4. While we lived in Leningrad, we admired its monuments.

5. If wax is added to polymers it protects polymers from the influence of ozone.

6. When we combine molecules of different polymers we obtain polymers with new properties.

7. When water is heated it changes into an invisible gas.

8. As water is a solvent of most substances it is widely used in Chemistry and

Medicine.

Задание VI. Составьте утверждения, подобрав к окончанию

соответствующее начало из левой колонки.

e.g.	a) Raising the temperature ... b) Being raised the temperature ... c) Raising the temperature is ..	we increase the total vapour pressure.
1. a) Having stirred the mixture ... b) Stirring the mixture ... c) After stirring the mixture ...		accelerates the reaction.
2. a) Heated ice ... b) Being heated ice ... c) Heating ice ...		we change it into water.
3. a) Coloured ... b) Colouring ... c) Having coloured ...		glass contains compounds of some metals.
4. a) Being made calculations were ... b) Having made accurate calculations ... c) Accurately made calculations ...		Newton established the true size of the Earth in 1672.
a) Molecules of several polymers combined ... b) Being obtained, molecules of several polymers ...		we obtain polymers with new properties.
c) By combining molecules of several polymers ...
a) When finished the first part of “Principia” was ... b) Having finished the first part of “Principia”... c) Being finished, the first part of his “Principia”...		Newton put off its publishing.
7. a) Heating polyethylene to about 15°F ... b) Polyethylene heated to about 15°F... c) Having heated polyethylene to about 15°F...		results in transformation of crystals.
8. a) Discovering polyethylene in 1933 ... b) Polyethylene discovered in 1933 ... c) Having discovered polyethylene in 1933 ...		is one of the simplest plastics.

Задание VII. Прочитайте следующие тексты. Из предлагаемых после текста словосочетаний составьте утверждения, соответствующие содержанию каждого текста.

t = 1.0’-1.5’

A. Polymers comprise as great variety of synthetic substances produced from chemicals. A typical instance of polymers is plastics; when moulded under heat and pressure they can take any form and are in wide use in industry and household.

Much effort is being made to develop polymers withstanding high temperatures and remaining unaltered for long periods of time. For instance, in order to protect certain types of rubbers from the influence of ozone destroying some of their properties, wax is added to them. The introduction of aluminium, cobalt and other elements into the molecules of polymers can produce a material resembling minerals in their properties, able to withstand temperature changes. Research into these problems is of great theoretical and practical interest.

1. Polymers can take any form	a) when frozen. b) when moulded under heat and pressure. c) when moulded under heat.
2. Ozone is	a) harmful for certain types of rubber. b) harmless for certain types of rubber.
3. When metals are introduced into the molecules of polymers they can produce	a) rubber. b) minerals. c) materials resembling minerals.

t = 1.0’-1.5’

B. Water is a chemical compound containing oxygen and hydrogen. Water is necessary for the existence of humans, animals and plants, as every living thing contains large amounts of water. Being a solvent of most substances it is widely used in Chemistry and Medicine. When used in engineering its great resistance to compression enables it to transmit enormous power. When we drink water it also immediately passes through our system, and the body is purified of poison. When heated water changes into an invisible gas; freezing it we get a solid block of crystals. When evaporated it forms clouds and falls on the ground as either rain or

snow. The soil absorbs the water appearing on the surface in the form of streams and a new cycle of evaporation begins again.

1. Water transmits enormous power	a) when it is used in Chemistry. b) when it is used in Medicine. c) when it is used in Engineering.
2. We get a solid block of crystals	a) when water is frozen. b) when water is evaporated c) when water is heated.

t = 1.0’

C. The conversion of an element into oxide by direct combination with oxygen is the simplest case of oxidation. When heated in the open air copper is oxidised on the surface to copper oxide. Oxygen may also be combined with a compound already containing some oxygen. Thus, heating barium oxide in air and converting it into barium dioxide is also an example of oxidation.

The process reverse to oxidation (the removal of oxygen from a compound containing it) is called reduction. When copper oxide is converted into copper, by passing hydrogen over the heated oxide, it means that the copper oxide is reduced to copper. This is the meaning of the terms reduction and oxidation (redox).

1. a) Oxidation is a process of b) Reduction is a process of	1. removing oxygen from a compound. 2. adding oxygen to an element or a compound.
2. During oxidation oxygen may be added	a) only to a compound. b) to an element or a compound. c) only to an element.

t = 1.5’-2.0’

D. Glass is one of the oldest manufactured products. It is made by melting together sodium carbonate, sand and lime or limestone. Coloured glass contains compounds of some of the metals: iron compounds make green glass, cobalt - blue. When the essential glass materials are not pure the glass often comes out coloured.

The conversion of raw materials into glass requires thorough mixing and a very hot fire for several hours or even days. The excavators have uncovered furnaces¹ capable of producing temperatures of 2000°F and dating from 3000 BC. These furnaces were used in making glass for beads² or other objects.

By 1450 BC the Egyptians were making small toilet table objects out of coloured glass. About 300 BC glass dishes appeared in Alexandria. These dishes and other vessels were made by pressing the hot glass into moulds.

Glass blowing invented about 100 BC increased the number of shapes that could have been made. During the Age of the Roman Empire glass dishes were common. Romans were first to start using glass in windows. Some of the window glass was clear and some was coloured, but all of it was very expensive. And only a thousand years later the use of glass in the windows has become general practice.

1. When the raw material for making glass is not pure	a) the glass is clear. b) the glass is of low quality. c) the glass is coloured.
2. Furnaces uncovered by excavators were capable to produce temperature of	a) 2000°F. b) 1450°F. c) 3000°F.
3. Glass in the windows was first used	a) long before the Roman Empire. b) at the time of Roman Empire. c) 100 years ago.

Задание VIII. Переведите письменно текст, пользуясь словарем.

One of the earliest known chemical processes was the refining of salt, a thriving industry by 1000 BC. Salt occurs in several parts of the world in a solid form known as rock salt. It is also in the ocean water, water from wells and so on.

Rock salt is nearly pure salt, but if the ocean water is evaporated the remaining salt has a strong bitter taste.

Common salt is refined by dissolving it in water, filtering the obtained solution and then evaporating the water. As the water is being evaporated the salt settles out in a nearly pure form. The process is very old, but is still in use.

Ирина Викторовна Монахова

Татьяна Георгиевна Мордвинцева

Валентина Анатольевна Стороженко

Татьяна Андреевна Стремовская

Считка и редакция авторские

1 furnaces - печи

2 beads - бусы

4