VI. Предлоги

• Для выражения падежей (которых в английском языке нет) употребляются некоторые предлоги:

of – кого? чего? чья? (родительный падеж)

to – кому? чему? (дательный падеж)

by/with – кем? чем? (творительный падеж)

Например: The book of my friend.

He gave the book to the teacher.

The letter is written with a pencil.

The article was written by my teacher.

• Предлоги:

for - для with – с

about – о, об from – от

ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. I like to read books written by Tolstoy. 2. The rooms of my flat are not large. 3. I sent a telegram to him. 4. This house is made of wood. 5. She likes to play with children. 6. I have got a telegram from her. 7. She wrote about her studies. 8. The map of the USA is on the wall. 9. The document was not signed by the director. 10. She cut the paper with the knife. 11. I showed the translation to my teacher. 12. He explained the rule to the students. 13. She likes to speak about her youth. 14. I prepared it for you.

• Предлоги места и направления

on

to

into

from

out of

in

at down

up

under

to – к, в, на (куда?)

from - из, с, от (откуда?)

on - на (где?)

in - в (где? – внутри)

into - в (куда? – внутрь)

out of - из (откуда? – изнутри)

under - под

over - над, выше

at - у, около, возле, в, на

up - вверх (куда?)

down - вниз, по

between - между (двумя)

before - перед (расположение) = in front of

behind - позади, за

ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. We live in Moscow. 2. The plane flew over the town. 3. He was standing at the blackboard. 4. He ran out of the room. 5. She went down the stairs. 6. He studies at our Institute. 7. A man was going between the policemen. 8. They stopped before the bookshop. 9. I looked up and saw him. 10. The dog was lying under the tree. 11. The park is behind our house. 12. He put his books into his bag. 13. The picture was on the wall. 14. He has just returned from the Black Sea. 15. I shall see him at the lecture. 16. They went to the cinema. 17. He is in his room. 18. She went into the shop. 19. I took the letter out of my pocket. 20. These flowers are from my friend. 21. They came to the railway station early.

• Предлоги времени

in	через, в (in two hours), in May, in 1990, in summer, in the morning
about	около, приблизительно (about 5 o’clock)
at	в (at 5 o’clock, at night)
after	после (after dinner)
before	до, перед (before the end of May)
by	к (by 5 o’clock)
during	во время, в течение (during the war)
for	в течение, на (for 2 hours)
on	в (on Sunday, on the 1st of May)
since	с, с тех пор (since 1980)
till (until)	до, до тех пор пока (не) (till next week)

Запомните: «this / next / last» с существительными «day, week, month, year, morning, evening» употребляются без предлога.

Например: I shall finish school next year. (Я окончу школу в следующем

году).

ЗАДАНИЕ 3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. He returned home at night. 2. The students go home in summer. 3. I shall be at home from 2 till 5. 4. Next year I shall be the student. 5. During summer I worked at my English. 6. In a month he will go to his parents. 7. He will finish his work by Monday. 8. I get up at 7 o’clock. 9. Now it is about 9 o’clock. 10. Last month I was in the country. 11. He is working at the factory for 3 years. 12. He was born in 1975. 13. We shall go to the theatre on Saturday. 14. After exams I called on my parents. 15. I have no time for breakfast in the morning. 16. He left before the end of the film. 17. In a year we shall receive a new flat. 18. He left Moscow 3 years ago and I have not seen him since. 19. He went to the Caucasus for 3 weeks. 20. Our studies begin in September.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4. Скажите по-английски.

в два часа; через 6 часов; в субботу; в сентябре; в течение недели; к утру; весной

ЗАДАНИЕ 5. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. In a year in autumn in September I shall go home. 2. We must come on Sunday by 3 o’clock. 3. I shall be at the institute at 2 o’clock.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги.

1. Our studies begin … autumn. 2. He must go to Vladivostock … December. 3. What do you do … Sunday? 4. I shall telephone you … the morning. 5. I shall see him … Friday.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7. Скажите по-английски.

в этот день, на этой неделе, в этом году, вчера вечером, в прошлом месяце, в прошлом году, на следующей неделе, в следующем месяце, в будущем году

ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. The classes begin at 20 minutes to. 2. We have lecture in chemistry on Monday. 3. In January we take the exams. 4. In 1990 I entered the Institute. 5. Last month I went to the country. 6. Next year I shall go to Vladivostock. 7. Mr. Smith has returned home this year.