United(1)
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United States of America, including Puerto Rico and U.S.V.I.
Imports: CIF, by origin |
Exports: FOB, by last known destination |
Trade System: General |
Overview:
From 2007 to 2011, exports of United States of America, including Puerto Rico and U.S.V.I. increased on average by 6.2 percent each year and amounted to 1,479.7 bln US$ in 2011 (see table 1 and graph 1). Imports increased on average by 2.9 percent each year and reached 2,262.6 bln US$ (see table 2 and graph 1). This resulted in a trade deficit of 782.9 bln US$ in 2011, higher than the 2010 deficit of 689.4 bln US$ (see graph 1). Trade was in deficit with nearly all MDG regions (see graph 2). The largest deficit was recorded with Eastern Asia (-312.7 bln US$). Other major deficits were recorded with Developed Europe (-107.4 bln US$), Latin America & the Caribbean (-79.6 bln US$) and Sub-Saharan Africa (-54.6 bln US$). Trade was well diversified across partners: in 2011, respectively 22 and 20 major partners accounted for 80 percent of exports and imports (see graph 3).
Graph 1: Total imports, exports and trade balance
(Bln US$ by year)
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Imports |
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Trade Balance |
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1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
Exports Profile: |
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In 2011, machinery and transport equipment (SITC section 7), the largest commodity group, increased by 11.5 percent and accounted for 33.9 percent of exported goods (see table 1). Other major commodity groups of exports were 14.0 percent of chemicals and related products, n.e.s. (SITC section 5) and 10.5 percent of commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere (SITC section 9). Major markets for exports were Canada, Mexico and China (see table 4). From 2009 to 2011, top products for exports included petroleum oils, other than crude (HS code 2710), motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport (HS code 8703) and electronic integrated circuits (HS code 8542) (see table 3).
Table 1: Exports by SITC sections
(Value in million US$, growth and shares in percentage)
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Avg. Growth rates (%) |
2011 |
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SITC |
2011 |
2007-2011 |
2010-2011 |
share |
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Total |
1 479 |
730.2 |
6.2 |
15.9 |
100.0 |
0+1 |
107 |
717.7 |
10.0 |
22.2 |
7.3 |
2+4 |
97 |
215.5 |
10.4 |
13.7 |
6.6 |
3 |
129 |
233.2 |
32.5 |
60.1 |
8.7 |
5 |
207 |
029.9 |
7.6 |
9.7 |
14.0 |
6 |
139 |
413.7 |
5.5 |
16.7 |
9.4 |
7 |
500 |
949.5 |
-1.7 |
11.5 |
33.9 |
8 |
143 |
306.5 |
3.1 |
7.1 |
9.7 |
9 |
154 |
864.3 |
31.9 |
17.7 |
10.5 |
Table 2: Imports by SITC sections
(Value in million US$, growth and shares in percentage)
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Avg. Growth rates (%) |
2011 |
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SITC |
2011 |
2007-2011 |
2010-2011 |
share |
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Total |
2 262 |
585.6 |
2.9 |
15.1 |
100.0 |
0+1 |
106 |
101.2 |
6.2 |
15.3 |
4.7 |
2+4 |
44 |
164.1 |
4.9 |
26.9 |
2.0 |
3 |
464 |
214.5 |
5.7 |
28.0 |
20.5 |
5 |
202 |
080.8 |
6.2 |
14.2 |
8.9 |
6 |
239 |
789.2 |
0.2 |
18.0 |
10.6 |
7 |
810 |
310.6 |
1.8 |
11.3 |
35.8 |
8 |
320 |
380.8 |
1.0 |
6.8 |
14.2 |
9 |
75 |
544.5 |
3.5 |
10.2 |
3.3 |
Table 3: Top 10 export commodities 2009 to 2011
(Value in billion US$)
HS |
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Value (billion US$) |
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Unit value |
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SITC |
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code |
4-digit heading of Harmonized System 2007 |
2009 |
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2010 |
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2011 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
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Unit |
code |
All Commodities............................................................................................................ |
1 056.7 |
1 277.1 |
1 479.7 |
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9999 Commodities not specified according to kind............................................................... |
105.5 |
113.7 |
121.6 |
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931 |
2710 Petroleum oils, other than crude................................................................................... |
36.5 |
53.7 |
91.0 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
US$/kg |
334 |
8703 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport............... |
28.4 |
39.3 |
48.4 |
16.8 |
18.4 |
19.5 thsd US$/unit 781 |
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8542 Electronic integrated circuits......................................................................................... |
30.1 |
37.6 |
35.7 |
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776 |
8708 Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles of headings 87.01 to 87.05.................... |
23.7 |
32.6 |
37.7 |
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9.2 |
US$/kg |
784 |
8471 Automatic data processing machines and units thereof.............................................. |
20.3 |
23.9 |
27.4 |
441.5 |
402.8 |
246.7 |
US$/unit |
752 |
8517 Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy............................................ |
19.2 |
23.4 |
27.4 |
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764 |
3004 Medicaments (excluding goods of heading 30.02, 30.05 or 30.06).............................. |
22.5 |
23.1 |
24.3 |
164.1 |
167.2 |
137.9 |
US$/kg |
542 |
9018 Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary............... |
20.1 |
22.0 |
23.6 |
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872 |
1201 Soya beans, whether or not broken.............................................................................. |
16.5 |
18.6 |
17.6 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
US$/kg |
222 |
Source: UN Comtrade
United States of America, including Puerto Rico and U.S.V.I.
Graph 2: Trade Balance by MDG Regions in 2011 |
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Graph 3: Partner concentration of trade in 2011 |
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(Bln US$) |
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(Cumulative share by ranked partners) |
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Developed Asia−Pacific |
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Imports |
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Exports |
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Developed Europe |
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(Herfindahl Index = 0.079) |
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(Herfindahl Index = 0.07) |
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Developed N. America |
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Top |
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Top |
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partner |
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partner |
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South−eastern Europe |
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C I S |
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5th |
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5 th |
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Northern Africa |
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Sub−Saharan Africa |
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10th |
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10 th |
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Latin Am, Caribbean |
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Eastern Asia |
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15th |
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15 th |
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Southern Asia |
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South−eastern Asia |
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20 |
th |
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20 |
th |
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Western Asia |
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Oceania |
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25th |
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25 th |
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350 |
300 |
250 |
200 |
150 |
100 |
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0 |
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50 |
50 |
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100% |
80% |
60% |
40% |
20% |
0% |
20% |
40% |
60% |
80% |
100% |
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Table 4: Exports by principal countries and SITC sections in 2011
(Value in million US$, percentages of country total)
Country |
Total |
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Shares by SITC sections (%) |
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0 + 1 |
2 + 4 |
3 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
Total |
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World............................... |
1 479 |
730.2 |
7.3 |
6.6 |
8.7 |
14.0 |
9.4 |
33.9 |
9.7 |
10.5 |
100 |
Canada............................. |
280 |
710.2 |
7.5 |
3.2 |
6.4 |
11.4 |
13.7 |
42.2 |
10.3 |
5.4 |
100 |
Mexico............................. |
197 |
543.6 |
7.2 |
4.2 |
11.8 |
11.8 |
12.6 |
41.5 |
6.9 |
3.9 |
100 |
China................................ |
103 |
878.4 |
4.9 |
31.2 |
1.9 |
13.8 |
5.2 |
28.9 |
6.8 |
7.2 |
100 |
Japan............................... |
66 |
160.4 |
21.0 |
6.4 |
3.8 |
18.7 |
5.6 |
20.9 |
15.5 |
8.1 |
100 |
United Kingdom............... |
55 |
939.4 |
2.6 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
16.4 |
7.1 |
22.0 |
13.7 |
31.4 |
100 |
Germany.......................... |
48 |
779.2 |
2.7 |
4.5 |
2.8 |
16.0 |
8.2 |
37.7 |
13.2 |
14.9 |
100 |
Rep. of Korea................... |
43 |
504.8 |
13.9 |
10.5 |
5.9 |
15.4 |
6.5 |
32.6 |
9.2 |
6.0 |
100 |
Brazil................................ |
42 |
943.4 |
0.8 |
2.8 |
14.7 |
22.8 |
4.6 |
33.9 |
6.3 |
14.1 |
100 |
Netherlands..................... |
42 |
825.7 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
27.0 |
20.4 |
3.8 |
21.2 |
14.1 |
5.8 |
100 |
China, Hong Kong SAR.... |
36 |
489.2 |
8.8 |
2.0 |
0.1 |
7.6 |
13.4 |
29.6 |
13.5 |
25.0 |
100 |
Imports Profile:
Imports in 2011 were composed of 35.8 percent of machinery and transport equipment (SITC section 7), 20.5 percent of mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials (SITC section 3) and 14.2 percent of miscellaneous manufactured articles (SITC section 8) (see table 2). Top imported products over the last three years were petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude (HS code 2709), motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport (HS code 8703) and petroleum oils, other than crude (HS code 2710) (see table 5).
Table 5: Top 10 import commodities 2009 to 2011
(Value in billion US$)
HS |
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Value (billion US$) |
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Unit value |
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SITC |
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code |
4-digit heading of Harmonized System 2007 |
2009 |
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2010 |
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2011 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
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Unit |
code |
All Commodities............................................................................................................ |
1 601.9 |
1 966.5 |
2 262.6 |
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2709 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude............................. |
200.6 |
266.6 |
342.9 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
US$/kg |
333 |
8703 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport............... |
82.2 |
116.8 |
124.6 |
19.1 |
20.4 |
21.2 thsd US$/unit |
781 |
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2710 Petroleum oils, other than crude................................................................................... |
54.6 |
69.3 |
94.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
US$/kg |
334 |
8517 Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy............................................ |
59.3 |
71.9 |
77.5 |
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764 |
8471 Automatic data processing machines and units thereof.............................................. |
54.3 |
71.4 |
81.2 |
119.6 |
131.9 |
146.7 |
US$/unit |
752 |
9999 Commodities not specified according to kind............................................................... |
55.3 |
56.0 |
59.9 |
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931 |
3004 Medicaments (excluding goods of heading 30.02, 30.05 or 30.06).............................. |
45.4 |
49.9 |
49.6 |
267.6 |
254.3 |
228.7 |
US$/kg |
542 |
8708 Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles of headings 87.01 to 87.05.................... |
29.9 |
43.4 |
50.2 |
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10.2 |
US$/kg |
784 |
8528 Reception apparatus for television............................................................................... |
33.5 |
35.8 |
31.5 |
203.3 |
213.8 |
209.0 |
US$/unit |
761 |
8542 Electronic integrated circuits......................................................................................... |
16.5 |
21.9 |
27.6 |
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776 |
Source: UN Comtrade