Vocabulary practice

Exercise № 1

to rise – подниматься, восходить, увеличиваться

to raise – 1) повышать, увеличивать 2) вызывать 3) мобилизировать, собирать (средства, финансы)

The Sun rises in the east. The government is raising the taxes.

Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. It would be a mistake to argue that central banks should attempt to raise interest rates soon.

2. America’s rich should pay more, but there is no need to raise their income-tax rates.

3. Instead, in Paris, as P&G’s share price tumbled, doubts were being raised about the sustainability of Mr McDonald’s (the President and Chief Executive Officer of P&G) hold on his job.

4. Inflation rose by 0.5 percent last year, the lowest increase since 1992.

5. Industrial use of oil rose by over 200 % in the 1970s whilst industrial use of coal fell by the same proportion.

6. I got a rise of over £4000 when I was promoted to a position of greater responsibility.

7. At the age of 32, she has risen to the top of her profession.

8. Corporate investment in capital equipment surged, helping GDP to rise for the seventh straight quarter.

9. Companies will have to raise wages as a result of the tight labor market.

10. The hardest part in starting a business is figuring out how to raise money for your business.

11. Fundraising is a significant way that non-profit organizations may obtain the money for their operations.

12. There is increasing pressure on exporters to raise prices in foreign markets.

13. The Bank of England was expected to raise the cost of borrowing after higher than expected inflation figures.

Exercise № 2

to hit – поражать, наносить урон

to be badly hit — понести тяжёлый урон, сильно пострадать

to hurt – 1) причинять ущерб 2) задевать, затрагивать

syn. harm , injury , damage , wrong

to affect –влиять, сказываться на;

• (воз)действовать на кого-л., влиять (негативно)

• задевать, затрагивать (интересы)

• отражаться, сказываться на (негативно)

• наносить ущерб

1. Pensonic and companies like it have been hit by a wave of Chinese manufacturers using Southeast Asia as a base to build up a distribution and after-sales network.

2. Mitsubishi's sales in the domestic market drop 27 per cent. Mazda followed with a 12.6 per cent decline, while Toyota was hit with a 13.5 per cent decline.

3. Men have been hit harder than women by these shifts.

4. The Mediterranean countries were hit by globalisation.

5. A strong yuan hurts Chinese exports and may spur the authorities in Beijing to intervene.

6. The plant closure would not only hurt employment in and around Taranto but industry in Italy generally.

7. Treatment for our injured economy will also hurt: the subsidies will damage the budget.

8. Injured economy has even drained nonsense out of media today.

9. If it ever was a secret, it's not a secret any longer: The Obama Administration is on a vindictive campaign to injure America's oil and gas.

10. Could the wrong type of immigration overhaul injure the agricultural industry?

11. Slowdown of airline travel has affected, directly or indirectly, plane repair and maintenance businesses, restaurants and retailers in airports.

12. The general thinking is that recessions are bad for business. However, a handful of industries, such as pawn shops, grocery and discount stores, do quite well during downturns and tend to be affected when the economy starts to recover.

Exercise № 3

To offset – 1) компенсировать, возмещать; 2) сводить на нет, нейтрализовать.

1. Recovery in the US economy and growing demand from China – South Korea’s two biggest export markets – has offset the continued sluggishness in domestic consumption

2. The adverse impact of a stronger dollar on exports has been partly offset by stronger global demand for commodities, especially from China.

3. Although China’s share has grown since early 1990s, this has been largely offset by the decline in Japan, whose share of output and exports has halved.

4. Manufacturing makes up about 17 per cent of the Canadian economy, and manufacturing strength has helped offset weakness caused by the global decline in commodity prices.

5. Increased turnover in food services, household-goods retailing and food retailing were offset by falls in “other” retail and clothing and footwear.

6. Four percent decline in sales outside North America had partially offset seven percent increase in Asia.

7. The impact on profits at British Gas of higher domestic consumption was being largely offset by higher wholesale gas prices, increased transmission costs and the burden of environmental costs imposed by government.

8. The weakening Australian dollar should also do a little to offset weak gold prices.

9. Oil trends in developed markets are helping offset concerns about a slowdown in the Chinese economy, which has underpinned oil demand growth for several years.

10. Price increases in Europe helped to offset declining demand.

11. The quarter was marked by modest growth in consumption and investment offset by falling government spending.

12. The decline in spending on food products was offset by expenditure on durable goods and energy products.