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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5491_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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17
ALPHA-
METHYLTHIOFENTANYL
IUPAC Name:
phenyl-N-[1-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl]acetamide
Scientific Name: Alpha-methylthiofentanyl
Molecular structure:
Physical Properties:
Appearance : Typically a white to off-white powder
Colour : White to off-white
Odour : Odourless
Solubility : Soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in water
Molar Mass : Approximately 374.5 g/mol
Chemical Properties :
Chemical Formula : C23H30N2OS
Chemical Classification : Synthetic opioid analgesic
Functional Groups : Contains an amine (-NH2), an ether (-O-) group, and a
thioether (-S-) group
How it is Made/Obtained: Alpha-methylthiofentanyl is typically synthesized in
clandestine laboratories.
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Route of Administration : Can be administered via various routes including oral
ingestion, intravenous injection, or nasal insufflation.
Pharmacological Action : Alpha-methylthiofentanyl acts as a potent agonist at
opioid receptors in the central nervous system, producing analgesia, sedation, and
euphoria.
Analysis :
Physical Method :
Chromatography
Purpose: Separates components based on their interactions with a
stationary phase.
Method:
- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) or Gas
Chromatography (GC) can be used.
- Sample is dissolved in a suitable solvent and injected into the
chromatographic system.
- It passes through a column where separation occurs based on
differential interactions with the stationary phase.
- Detection methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy or mass
spectrometry quantify the separated components.
Spectroscopy
Purpose: Provides information about molecular structure and chemical
bonds.
Method:
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy:
- Identifies functional groups present in alpha-methylthiofentanyl.
- Sample is exposed to infrared radiation, and absorbance at specific
wavelengths is recorded.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy:
- Provides insights into the molecule's structure, connectivity, and
stereochemistry.
- Sample is placed in a strong magnetic field and subjected to
radiofrequency radiation.
- The resulting spectrum reveals information about hydrogen and carbon
atoms' environments within the molecule.
Chemical Methods
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Chemical Assays
Purpose: Determines the chemical composition and quantifies alpha-
methylthiofentanyl.
Method:
Specific Reactions:
- Chemical assays involve specific reactions that produce measurable
changes.
- For example, a colorimetric assay might involve a reaction that changes
color in the presence of alpha-methylthiofentanyl, allowing for
quantification based on the intensity of the color change.
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ALPHA-METHYLFENTANYL
IUPAC Name:
N-phenyl-N-[1-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl]propanamide
Molecular structure:
Scientific Name: Alpha-methylfentanyl
Molecular Formula: C23H30N2O
Physical Properties:
Appearance : Typically a white to off-white powder
Colour : White to off-white
Odour : Odourless
Melting Point (M.P) : Approximately 103-105°C
Solubility : Soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in water
Molar Mass: Approximately 374.5 g/mol
Chemical Properties:
Chemical Formula : C22H28N2O
Chemical Classification : Synthetic opioid analgesic
Functional Groups : Contains an amine (-NH2) and an ether (-O-) group
How it is Made/Obtained: Alpha-methylfentanyl is typically synthesized in
clandestine laboratories.
Route of Administation: Can be administered via various routes including oral
ingestion, intravenous injection, or nasal insufflation.
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Pharmacological Action: Alpha-methylfentanyl acts as a potent agonist at opioid
receptors in the central nervous system, producing analgesia, sedation, and
euphoria.
Analysis:
Physical Method:
Chromatography
Purpose: Separates components based on their interactions with a
stationary phase.
Method:
- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) or Gas
Chromatography (GC) can be used.
- Sample is dissolved in a suitable solvent and injected into the
chromatographic system.
- It passes through a column where separation occurs based on
differential interactions with the stationary phase.
- Detection methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy or mass
spectrometry quantify the separated components.
Spectroscopy
Purpose: Provides information about molecular structure and chemical
bonds.
Method:
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy:
- Identifies functional groups present in alpha-methylfentanyl.
- Sample is exposed to infrared radiation, and absorbance at specific
wavelengths is recorded.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy:
- Provides insights into the molecule's structure, connectivity, and
stereochemistry.
- Sample is placed in a strong magnetic field and subjected to
radiofrequency radiation.
- The resulting spectrum reveals information about hydrogen and carbon
atoms' environments within the molecule.
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Chemical Methods
Chemical Assays
Purpose: Determines the chemical composition and quantifies alpha-
methylfentanyl.
Method:
Specific Reactions:
Chemical assays involve specific reactions that produce measurable
changes.
For example, a colorimetric assay might involve a reaction that changes
color in the presence of alpha-methylfentanyl, allowing for quantification
based on the intensity of the color change.
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ALPHAMETHADOL
IUPAC Name:
(3R,6R)-6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanol
Scientific Name: Alphamethadol
Molecular structure:
Molecular Formula: C21H29NO
Physical Properties:
Appearance : Typically white powder
Colour : White
Odour : Odourless
Taste : Bitter
Melting Point (M.P): Approximately 165-170°C
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol
Molar Mass: Around 283.41 g/mol
Chemical Properties:
Chemical Formula : C19H23NO
Chemical Classification : Synthetic opioid analgesic
Functional Groups : Contains a hydroxyl group and an amine group
pH : Typically neutral
Production: Alphamethadol can be synthesized in a laboratory setting.
Route of Administration: Route of Administration: Typically administered orally
or via injection
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Pharmacological Action: Alphamethadol acts as a potent analgesic by binding to
opioid receptors in the central nervous system, leading to pain relief and sedation.
Analysis:
Physical Method: Chromatography techniques, including high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC), can separate and quantify
alpha-methadol from other compounds.
Spectroscopy methods, such as infrared (IR) or mass spectrometry (MS),
can provide information about the chemical structure and purity of alpha-
methadol.
Chemical Method: Chemical tests can involve reactions specific to functional
groups present in alpha-methadol. For example:
Reactions with hydroxyl groups may include esterification or dehydration
reactions.
Reactions with amine groups may involve diazotization or acylation
reactions.
Spectroscopic techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy can provide detailed structural information, aiding in
chemical analysis.
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ALPHAPRODINE
Scientific Name: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine (MPPP).
Molecular structure:
Physical properties:
Appearance: Alphaprodine is a mixture of two optical isomers, dl-alpha-Prodine
and l-alpha-Prodine. The appearance of Alphaprodine is not explicitly mentioned
in the search results. However, it is known that Alphaprodine hydrochloride, a salt
form of Alphaprodine, has a white to off-white crystalline appearance.
Colour: The color of Alphaprodine is white, appearing as a crystalline powder
Odour: Alphaprodine is a type of pain-relieving medication, similar to other
painkillers you might be familiar with. Imagine it as a white powder or tiny
crystals, much like powdered sugar or fine salt. It doesn't really have a noticeable
smell like flowers or food, but if you were to sniff it up close, you might detect a
faint chemical scent, kind of like the smell you get when you open a new bottle of
medicine. Just remember, the smell doesn't tell you much about how strong or safe
the medication is, so it's always important to use it as directed by a doctor.
Taste: Alphaprodine has a slightly saline taste
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Melting Point: The melting point (MP) of Alphaprodine is reported to be
approximately 220-221°C
Boiling Point: The boiling point (B.P) of Alphaprodine is approximately 404.61°C,
as estimated.
Solubility:
Water: The solubility of Alphaprodine in water is estimated to be
approximately 797.4 mg/L at 25°C. Alphaprodine is moderately soluble in
water. This means that it can dissolve to some extent when mixed with
water, but it might not fully dissolve and could form a suspension or
cloudy solution instead. However, its solubility in water may vary
depending on factors such as temperature and the specific formulation of
the drug.
Alcohol: Alphaprodine's solubility in alcohol is approximately 1 g/L at
25°C. This means that at room temperature (25°C), about 1 gram of
alphaprodine can dissolve in 1 liter of alcohol. However, this value may
vary slightly depending on the specific type of alcohol (e.g., ethanol,
methanol) and the concentration of the alcohol solution.
Molar mass: The molar mass of Alphaprodine is 261.3593 g/mol
Chemical Properties:-
Chemical Formula: The chemical formula for Alphaprodine is C₁₆H₂₃NO₂
Chemcal Classification: The chemical classification of Alphaprodine is as
an aliphatic amine ester
Functional Groups: aliphatic amine ester or ester.
PH: The pH of a 1% aqueous solution of Alphaprodine ranges from 4.5 to
5.2
How it is made?
The synthesis process of Alphaprodine involves the preparation of a mixture of the
two cis isomers of prodine. The chemical structure of Alphaprodine consists of a
mixture of the two cis isomers of prodine, with betaprodine being the mixture of
trans isomers. The synthesis involves configurational studies to determine the
stereostructure-activity relationships and pharmacological properties of
Alphaprodine. Alphaprodine is typically obtained from pharmaceutical companies
or compounding pharmacies under proper medical supervision. It is a controlled
substance and should only be obtained with a valid prescription from a licensed
healthcare provider.
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