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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_3156_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Courvoisier’s sign, 208
Creatinine elevation
acute renal failure, 377, 377t
causes of, 377
chronic renal failure, 377, 377t
diagnosis of, 378t, 382
FENa equation, 382
history of, 378t
medications associated with, 377
physical examination for, 378t
testing, 378t
Cremasteric reflex, 234
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, dementia, 54
Crohn’s disease
rectal bleeding, 211
steatorrhea, 215
stomatitis, 106
Croup, 168, 169
Cruciate ligaments, knee pain, 273
Cushing’s disease, 138
Cyanosis, 151–153
central, 151
diagnosis of, 153
family history, 152
history of, 151
peripheral, 151
physical examination for, 152
risk factors for, 152
testing, 152
ventilation–perfusion scanning, 151
Cyclothymic disorder, 42
Cysto-urethroscopy, urethral discharge, 241
D
D-dimer test, 382–384
and diagnosis of VTE, 384
factors affecting predictability of, 384t
venous thromboembolism, 382
Wells Criteria, 383t
Dacryocystitis, 83, 86
Dandy-Walker syndrome, 47
Deep venous thrombosis, risk factors for, 267
Delirium, 50–52
causes of, 50, 51, 51t
differential diagnosis of, 52
epidemiology of, 51
history of, 52
physical examination for, 52
testing, 52
Dementia, 53–55
causes of, 53, 54
and delirium, 52
epidemiology of, 53
history of, 54
memory impairment, 56
physical examination for, 54
testing, 55
weight loss, untintentional, 33
Depression, 40–42
anorexia, 5
bipolar disorder, 38
causes of, 40
delirium, 52
dementia, 54
differential diagnosis of, 41
epidemiology of, 40
family history, 40
history of, 40
ideation in, 41
insomnia, 24
Patient Health Questionnaire-9, 41
physical examination for, 41
suicide risk, 43, 44
symptoms of, 40
testing, 41
tinnitus, 108
weight loss, untintentional, 33
Depressive disorder not otherwise specified, 41
Depressive disorders
treatment of, 41
types of, 41–42
Diabetes insipidus, 324
nephrogenic, 324
urinary incontinence, 224
Diabetes mellitus, 313–315
causes of, 313
differential diagnosis of, 315
epidemiology of, 313
gestational, 314, 315
history of, 315
hyperkalemia, 390
papilledema, 80
physical examination for, 314
testing, 314
type 1, 313, 315
type 2, 314, 315
Diabetic papillitis, 80
Diarrhea, 183–188
acute, 184
laboratory evaluation of, 186f
causes of, 184
chronic, 184
laboratory evaluation of, 187f
rectal bleeding, 211
differential diagnosis of, 188t
epidemiology of, 184
fatty, 184
history of, 185
inflammatory, 184
418
Index
osmotic, 184
physical examination for, 185
secretory, 184
steatorrhea, 213, 215
testing, 185
Dietary factors
alopecia, 295
constipation, 180
diarrhea, 185
edema, 9
erectile dysfunction, 221
halitosis, 91
hepatitis, 200
hypertension, 136
hypokalemia, 394
scotoma, 88
steatorrhea, 213, 214, 215
thrombocytopenia, 356
thyroid enlargement/goiter, 326
Vitamin D deficiency, 333
Dilation and curettage (D & C), 253
Dilator pupillae, 81
Diplopia, 70–72
binocular, 70, 72
causes of, 70
cover test, 71, 71f
differential diagnosis of, 71
epidemiology of, 70
history of, 70
monocular, 70, 71
physical examination for, 70
testing, 71
types of, 70
visual acuity, 71
Disequilibrium, vertigo, 110
Diurnal polyuria, 226
free water diuresis, 226
osmotic dieresis, 226
Dix-Hallpike test, 8, 77
vertigo, 111
Dizziness, 7–9
causes of, 7, 8t
clinical manifestations of, 9
differential diagnosis of, 8
epidemiology of, 7
history of, 7
pathophysiology, 7
physical examination for, 7
testing, 8
vertigo, 7
Drugs. See also Medication effects
aminotransferase elevation, 363
anemia, 344
anorexia, 5
anticoagulation, 117
ataxia, 46, 47
bipolar disorder, 38
bradycardia, 121
cyanosis, 151
and dementia, 54
erectile dysfunction, 221
erythema multiforme, 297
hepatitis, 200
hypertension, 136
maculopapular rash, 299
nosebleed, 98
pericardial friction rub, 142
petechiae and purpura, 339
pigmentation disorders, 304
pruritus, 306
rhinitis, 103
stomatitis, 105
thrombocytopenia, 356
tremor, 65
vesicular and bullous eruptions, 310
Dual-photon absorptiometry,
osteoporosis, 407
Dubin-Johnson syndrome, 209
Ductal ectasia, 254
d-xylose test, steatorrhea, 214
Dysdiadochokinesia, ataxia, 46
Dysmenorrhea, 248–249
diagnosis of, 249
history of, 248
physical examination for, 248
primary, 248
risk factors for, 248
secondary, 248
testing, 249
Dysmetria, ataxia, 46
Dyspareunia, 249–250
causes of, 250
deep, 249
diagnosis of, 249
history of, 249
physical examination for, 249
superficial, 249
Dysphagia, 189–193
causes of, 191t
differential diagnosis of,
189t, 193
history of, 190
medications associated with, 192t
oropharyngeal, 189
physical examination for, 191
symptoms, 191t
testing, 191
Dyspnea. See Breath, shortness of
Dysthymic disorder, 41
Dystonic tremor, 65
Index
419
Dysuria, 216–217
acute, 216
benign prostatic hypertrophy, 216
causes of, 216
diagnosis of, 217
external, 216
history of, 216
internal, 216
physical examination for, 217
testing, 217
urinary tract infection, 216
E
Ear problems. See Head, eyes, ears, nose, and
throat
Ear, nose, sinus, and throat, 149
Early diastolic murmur, 129, 129f
aortic regurgitation (AR), 130
left anterior descending artery stenosis, 131
pulmonary regurgitation (PR), 130
S
3
gallop/ventricular gallop, 131
Eating disorders, anorexia, 5–7
Echocardiography
brain natriuretic peptide, 375
cardiomegaly, 124
chest pain, 115, 119
congestive heart failure, 128
cyanosis, 152
eosinophilia, 347
heart murmurs
diastolic, 132
systolic, 133, 134
hypertension, 138
palpitations, 141
pericardial friction rub, 143
shortness of breath, 166
stroke, 63
Edema, 9–10
acute, 9
causes of, 9
chronic, 9
congestive heart failure, 127, 128
cyanosis, 152
diagnosis of, 10
differential diagnosis of, 10t
epidemiology of, 9
hemoptysis, 154
history of, 9
hypothyroidism, 9, 322
joint pain, monoarticular, 281
menorrhagia, 252
myxedema, 9
nocturia, 226, 227
papilledema, 78–80
physical examination for, 9
proteinuria, 354
scrotal pain, 236
tachycardia, 146
testing, 10
vocal cord, 96
Edema-forming states, nocturia,
226, 227
Effusion, knee pain, 273
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 130, 405
Elderly
falls, 11
fever, 16
vesicular and bullous eruptions, 311
Electrocardiography (ECG)
bradycardia, 121, 122
cardiomegaly, 124
chest pain, 114, 115, 119
congestive heart failure, 128
cyanosis, 152
delirium, 52
eosinophilia, 347
falls, 12
gastrointestinal bleeding, 200
heart murmur, systolic, 132, 133
hyperkalemia, 390
hypertension, 138
palpitations, 141
pericardial friction rub, 143
shortness of breath, 166
stroke, 63
syncope, 31
tachycardia, 146
Electroencephalography (EEG)
coma, 48
delirium, 52
falls, 12
hearing loss, 94
seizures, 62
syncope, 31
Electromyography
calf pain, 269
lower back pain, 279
neck pain, 284
paresthesia and dysesthesia, 59
polymyalgia, 289
shortness of breath, 166
Endocrine and metabolic problems
diabetes mellitus, 313–315
gynecomastia, 316–317
hirsutism, 318–320
hypothyroidism, 320–323
polydipsia, 324–325
thyroid enlargement/goiter, 326–328
thyroid nodule, 328–330
420
Index
thyrotoxicosis/hyperthyroidism,
330–332
Vitamin D deficiency, 333–334
Endomyocardial biopsy, congestive heart
failure, 128
Endoscopy
chest pain, 119
dysphagia, 193
epigastric distress, 195
gastrointestinal bleeding, 200
jaundice, 210
mediastinal mass, 404
nosebleed, 98, 99
rectal bleeding, 212
rhinitis, 104
stridor, 169
weight loss, unintentional, 33
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA), 384
Eosinophilia, 346–348
causes of, 346
classification of, 346
diagnosis of, 347
differential diagnosis of, 347
epidemiology of, 346
history of, 347
idiopathic, 347
parasites, 346
physical examination for, 347
primary, 347
secondary, 347
testing, 347
Epididymitis, 234, 236, 237
Epigastric distress, 193–197
causes of, 194
diagnosis of, 195
differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal
causes of, 196t
epidemiology of, 194
gastroesophageal reflux disease, 194
history of, 194t
medications associated with, 196t
physical examination for, 194t
testing, 194t
Epiglottitis, 168, 169
Episcleritis, 83, 85
Episodic memory, 56
Epistaxis. See Nosebleed
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 307
Erectile dysfunction (ED), 220–222
diagnosis of, 222
differential diagnosis of, 222
history of, 221
organic sexual dysfunction, 222
overt testicular atrophy, 221
Peyronie’s disease, 221
physical examination for, 221
psychogenic, 222
testing, 221
Erythema multiforme, 296–298
causes of, 296
diagnosis of, 298
differential diagnosis of, 298
epidemiology of, 297
herpes simplex virus (HSV), 296
history of, 297
physical examination for, 298
testing, 298
Erythema multiforme majus
(EMM), 297
Erythematous rash, 307
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),
348–350
diagnosis of, 349
differential diagnosis of, 349
physical examination for, 348
testing, 348
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
anorexia, 6
rectal bleeding, 212
Esophagography, cough, 150
Eustachian tube, 108, 109
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).
See Hypersomnia
Exercise, bradycardia, 122
Exercise stress test, chest, 36
Exposure factors
anxiety, 36
ataxia, 47
blurred vision, 66
breast cancer, 398
cyanosis, 151, 152
fever, 16
hoarseness, 95, 96
lymphadenopathy, generalized, 335
lymphadenopathy, localized, 337
and night sweats, 28
paresthesia and dysesthesia, 63
pigmentation disorders, 303
pleural effusion, 156
polycythemia, 353
rash with fever, 308
rhinitis, 103
scotoma, 88
pulmonary nodule, solitary, 409
stomatitis, 105
thyroid nodule, 328
tinnitus, 109
tremor, 65
vesicular and bullous eruptions, 310
Index
421
Extremities
congestive heart failure, 127
hemoptysis, 154
hypothyroidism, 322
maculopapular rash, 300
rash with fever, 308
Eyes. See also Head, ears, eyes, nose and throat
blurred vision, 66–67
corneal foreign body and corneal abrasion,
68–69
diplopia, 70–72
nystagmus, 75–78
papilledema, 78–80
pupillary inequality, 81–82
red eye, 83–86
scotoma, 86–89
visual loss, 72–75
F
FABER test, hip pain, 271
FAI test, hip pain, 271
Falls, 11–13
causes of, 12t
in children, 11
diagnosis of, 12
differential diagnosis, 12t, 13t
in elderly, 11
history of, 11
pathophysiology, 11
physical examination for, 11
testing, 12
Family history
alopecia, 295
anemia, 344
anxiety, 35
arthralgia, 266
bipolar disorder, 38
blurred vision, 66
bradycardia, 122
breast cancer, 398, 399
breast mass, 245t
cardiomegaly, 123
chest pain, 119
congestive heart failure, 127
cyanosis, 152
dementia, 53, 54
depression, 40
diabetes mellitus, 315
diarrhea, chronic, 185
diplopia, 70
dysmenorrhea, 248
eosinophilia, 347
falls, 11
fever, 16
heart murmurs, systolic, 133
hematuria, 218
hepatitis, 201
hirsutism, 318
hypertension, 136
hypothyroidism, 322
jaundice, 208
lymphadenopathy, generalized, 335
menorrhagia, 252
neutropenia, 351
nipple discharge, 255
nosebleed, 98
nystagmus, 77, 78
osteopenia, 406
papilledema, 79
paresthesia and dysesthesia, 59
petechiae and purpura, 339
pleural effusion, 156
postmenopausal bleeding, 260
pruritus, 306
pulmonary nodule, solitary, 409
rectal bleeding, 211
rhinitis, 103, 104
seizures, 61
splenomegaly, 341
syncope, 31
thrombocytopenia, 356
thyroid disease, 322
thyroid enlargement/goiter, 326
thyroid nodules, 329, 330
urticaria, 309
vesicular and bullous eruptions, 311
wheezing, 171
Fatigue, 14–16
causes of, 14, 15t
definition, 14
diagnosis of, 15
epidemiology of, 14
history of, 14
physical examination for, 15
testing, 15
Female reproductive system
amenorrhea, 242–243
breast mass, 243–245
dysmenorrhea, 248–249
dyspareunia, 249–250
menorrhagia, 250–253
nipple discharge, 254–256
pap smear abnormality, 256–259
pelvic pain, 246–247
postmenopausal bleeding, 259–261
Fever, 16–18
acute febrile illness, 17
body temperature, 16
causes of, 17t
diagnosis of, 17
422
Index
history of, 16
hyperpyrexia, 16
night sweats, 35
physical examination for, 17
postoperative, 18
temperature control, mechanisms of, 16
temperature measurement, 16
testing, 17
Fever of unknown origin (FUO), 18, 18f
Fibromyalgia, 292
Fine needle aspiration (FNA)
breast cancer, 399
gynecomastia, 317
pulmonary nodule, solitary, 410
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)
breast mass, 244
thyroid enlargement, 327
thyroid nodule, 329, 330
First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, 122
Food
dysphagia, 189
and halitosis, 90, 91
jaundice, 208
nausea and vomiting, 26
thyroid enlargement/goiter, 326
urticaria, 309
and Vitamin D deficiency, 333
Foreign bodies, 89
hoarseness, 96
rhinitis, 103
stridor, 168, 169
urethral discharge, 239
FOUR (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness)
Score, 49t
Fragile X-associated tremor and ataxia
syndrome (FXTAS), 47
Friedreich’s ataxia, 47
G
Gait, 46
Gait/truncal ataxia, 46
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 194
cough, 149, 150
esophagitis, 194
halitosis, 91
weight loss, unintentional, 32
wheezing, 170
Gastrointestinal disease, chest pain, 115
Gastrointestinal system, anorexia, 6
Gastrointestinal tract
abdominal pain, 173–176
ascites, 176–179
bleeding, 197–200
constipation, 179–183
diarrhea, 183–188
dysphagia, 189–193
epigastric distress, 193–197
halitosis, 90–92
hepatitis, 200–204
hepatomegaly, 204–207
jaundice, 208–210
rectal bleeding, 210–212
steatorrhea, 213–215
Gender factors
alopecia, 294, 295
arthralgia, 266
dyspareunia, 250
dysuria, 216
hoarseness, 95
Generalized alopecia, 294
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 35
Giardiasis, 213
Gingivitis, 91
Glasgow Coma Scale, 49t
Glaucoma
anisocoria, 82
blurred vision, 66
scotoma, 89
Glenohumeral arthritis, shoulder pain, 290
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 138,
138t, 228
Glycogen storage disease, 405
Goiter. See Thyroid gland, enlargement/goiter
Gout
arthralgia, 266
joint pain, monoarticular, 280, 282
knee pain, 274
Graves’ disease, 321, 330–332
Grief reaction, 42
Gynecomastia, 316–317
causes of, 316
epidemiology of, 316, 317
history of, 317
new born, 316
nonphysiologic, 317
obesity, 317
physical examination for, 317
physiologic, 316
pubertal, 316
testing, 317
H
Halitosis, 90–92
causes of, 90
differential diagnosis of, 92
epidemiology of, 91
history of, 91
persistent, 90
physical examination for, 91
physiologic, 90
Index
423
Halitosis (continued )
testing, 92
tobacco, 91
Hand–arm vibration syndrome, 144
Head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat (HEENT)
in anorexia, 6
arthralgia, 266
eyes. See Eyes
fever, 17
hypothyroidism, 322
maculopapular rash, 300
pharyngitis, 100
rashes, 308
stomatitis, 106
Headache, 19–20
classification of, 19
cluster, 19
diagnosis of, 19
epidemiology of, 19
history of, 19
migraine, 19
pathophysiology, 19
physical examination for, 20
tension-type, 19
testing, 20
types of, 19
Hearing loss, 92–94
causes of, 92
conductive, 92
differential diagnosis of, 94
epidemiology of, 93
history of, 93
laboratory testing, 93
mixed, 92
physical examination for, 93
sensorineural, 92
testing, 93
tinnitus, 108, 109
Heart, cardiomegaly, 123
Heart failure (HF), 125
Heart murmurs
diastolic, 129–132
continuous murmur, 129, 131, 132
early diastolic murmur, 129, 130
history of, 130, 133
laboratory tests, 132
late diastolic murmur, 129, 131
mid-diastolic murmur, 129, 131
systolic, 132–134
diagnosis of, 130, 134
history of, 133
physical examination for, 133, 134t
testing, 133
Hematuria, 217–220
in adult, 218
causes of, 218
in children, 218, 219
diagnosis of, 219
epidemiology of, 218
history of, 218
medical history, 218
physical examination for, 219
risk factors for, 218
testing, 219
types of, 218
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), 340, 356
Hemoptysis, 153–155
bronchoscopy, 155
causes of, 153
epidemiology of, 153
fiberoptic bronchoscopy, 155
history of, 154
physical examination for, 154
rigid bronchoscopy, 155
testing, 154
Hemorrhoids, 210, 211
Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 340
Hepatitis, 200–204
acute, 200, 203
ascites, 177
autoimmune, 201
causes of, 200
chronic, 200, 203
diagnostic tests for, 202t
differential diagnosis of, 203t
drug-induced liver injury, 200
epidemiology of, 201
fatty liver disease, 201
history of, 201
physical examination for, 201
testing, 201, 202t
Hepatomegaly, 204–207
causes of, 204, 205t
differential diagnosis of, 207
epidemiology of, 206
history of, 206
physical examination for, 206
risk factors for, 206t
symptoms of, 207t
testing, 206, 207t
Herbal products, 6, 200, 344
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, 77
Hip pain, 270–272
diagnosis of, 272
differential diagnosis of, 271t
FABER test, 271
FAI test, 271
history of, 270
log roll test, 270
physical examination for, 270
424
Index
testing, 272
Hirsutism, 318–320
causes of, 318, 319t
diagnosis of, 319t, 320
epidemiology of, 318
history of, 318
physical examination for, 318
testing, 318
HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)
Hoarseness, 95–97
causes of, 95
differential diagnosis of, 96
epidemiology of, 95
history of, 95
hypothyroidism, 96, 322
physical examination for, 95
testing, 96
Holter monitor
bradycardia, 122
palpitations, 141
vertigo, 112
Hordeolum, 83
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), 259
Horner’s syndrome, pupillary inequality, 82
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection
anorexia, 5
ascites, 177
cough, 149
dementia, 55
diarrhea, 185
eosinophilia, 347
headache, 20
lymphadenopathy, generalized, 335, 336
mediastinal mass, 403, 404
night sweats, 28
osteoporosis, 406
petechiae and purpura, 340
rash, 307, 308
scotoma, 88
stomatitis, 105
suicide risk, 43
urethral discharge, 241
vaginal discharge, 263
weight loss, unintentional, 33
Human papilloma virus (HPV), 256
Human T lymphotrophic virus (HTLV) 1 and
2, 47, 347
Huntington’s disease, dementia, 54
Hydrocephalus, and dementia, 54
Hypercalcemia, 386–389
causes of, 386
diagnosis of, 386t, 389
history of, 386
hyperparathyroidism, 386
physical examination for, 386
testing, 386t
Hypereosinophilic syndrome, 347
Hyperkalemia, 390–393
diagnosis of, 390
evaluation of patient, 390t
spurious, 390
Hyperlipidemia, 152
Hyperparathyroidism, 139
Hyperpyrexia, 16
Hypersomnia, 21–23
causes of, 21
differential diagnosis of, 23t
epidemiology of, 21
evaluation, 21
history of, 21
medication history, 21, 22t
physical examination for, 23
sleep patterns, 21
testing, 23
Hypertension, 135–139
blood pressure measurement, 136, 137t
causes of, 136
classification of, 135t
differential diagnosis of, 138
epidemiology of, 136
history of, 136
physical examination for, 136
renal parenchymal, 138
renovascular, 138
testing, 137
Hyperthyroidism. See Thyrotoxicosis/
hyperthyroidism
Hypertrichosis, 318
Hyphema, 83, 85
Hypogonadism, 317, 406
Hypokalemia, 394–396
causes of, 394
diagnosis of, 394t
evaluation of patient, 394t
Hyporeflexia, 322
Hypotension
congestive heart failure, 127
cyanosis, 152
Hypothyroidism, 320–323
causes of, 321
differential diagnosis of, 323
epidemiology of, 321
goitrous, 321
history of, 321
hoarseness, 96
myxedema coma, 323
physical examination for, 322
primary, 321, 323
Index
425
Hypothyroidism (continued )
secondary, 321, 323
subclinical, 321, 323
tertiary, 322
testing, 322
Hypotonia, 46
Hysteroscopy
menorrhagia, 253
postmenopausal bleeding, 261
I
Ideation
assessment of, 44, 45
in depression, 41
Idiopathic chronic fatigue, 14
Ileitis, granulomatous, 215
Imaging abnormalities. See also specific imag-
ing methods
bone cyst, 400–401
breast cancer, 397–399
mediastinal mass, 402–404
osteopenia, 405–408
pulmonary nodule, solitary, 409–411
Impotence. See Erectile dysfunction
Infants
diarrhea, 184, 185
falls, 11
gynecomastia, 316
hearing loss, 93, 94
hypothyroidism, 321
petechiae and purpura, 340
pruritus, 306
scrotal pain, 236, 237, 238
seizures, 61
serum alkaline phosphatase, normal range,
358, 358t
stridor, 168
vaginal bleeding, 251, 252
vesicular and bullous eruptions, 310
Vitamin D deficiency, 333
wheezing, 170, 171
Infections
abdominal pain, 175
coma, 50
dyspareunia, 250
dysuria, 216
eosinophilia, 347
hemoptysis, 153
hepatomegaly, 205t
lymphadenopathy, generalized, 335
maculopapular rash, 300
mediastinal mass, 403
neutropenia, 350
night sweats, 28
pap smear abnormality, 257
pharyngitis, 100
rashes, 307
red eye, 83
rhinitis, 103, 104
scrotal mass, 234
scrotal pain, 236
splenomegaly, 341
stomatitis, 105
tinnitus, 108
urethral discharge, 238, 239
urinary incontinence, 224
vesicular and bullous eruptions, 310
Infiltrative disease, splenomegaly, 341
Inflammation
alopecia, 294, 295
arthralgia, 265
cardiac, 375
diarrhea, 184
dysuria, 216
erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 348, 349
hoarseness, 95
lower back pain, 278
osteoporosis, 406
pelvic pain, 246
pericardial friction rub, 142
pharyngitis, 100
pigmentation disorders, 301
pleuritic pain, 158
polymyalgia, 287
rectal bleeding, 211
red eye, 83
rhinitis, 102
shoulder pain, 290
splenomegaly, 341, 342
stomatitis, 105
urethral discharge, 238
urinary incontinence, 224
Insomnia, 24–25
causes of, 24
clinical manifestations of, 24
differential diagnosis of, 24, 25t
drugs causing, 24, 25t
epidemiology of, 24
history of, 24
leg movements and, 24
physical examination for, 24
sleep patterns, 24
testing, 24
Intention tremor, 46, 64, 65
Intracranial pressure
bradycardia, 121
diplopia, 71
headache, 19
papilledema, 78, 79
426
Index
pupillary inequality, 82
seizures, 61
tinnitus, 109
Intraductal papilloma, 254, 256
Iritis, 83, 85
J
Jaundice, 208–210
causes of, 208
diagnosis of, 209
differential diagnosis of, 209t
epidemiology of, 208
history of, 208
physical examination for, 208
medications inducing, 209t
testing, 208
Joint pain, monoarticular, 279–282
causes of, 279
diagnosis of, 281
differential diagnosis of, 281t
epidemiology of, 279
history of, 280
physical examination for, 280
testing, 281
K
Kaposi’s sarcoma, 105
Kaposi’s varocelliform eruption (KVE), 311
Karyotyping, amenorrhea, 243
Kawasaki’s disease, 301
Kayser-Fleischer rings, 201, 208
Keratitis, 83, 85
Kinetic tremors, 64, 65
Klinefelter syndrome, 405
Knee pain, 272–275
causes of, 272
differential diagnosis of, 275t
epidemiology of, 273
history of, 273
mechanical symptoms, 273
osteoarthritis, 273
Ottawa Knee Rule, 278
physical examination for, 273
testing, 274
Kostmann syndrome, 351
L
Laboratory tests/evaluation
abdominal pain, 175
alopecia, 295
amenorrhea, 243
anemia, 345
anxiety, 36
arthralgia, 266
ascites, 177
ataxia, 47
bipolar disorder, 39
blood chemistry and immunology abnor-
malities
alkaline phosphatase elevation, 358–362
aminotransferase elevation, 363–368
antinuclear antibody elevation, 368–372
brain natriuretic peptide, 373–375
creatinine elevation, 377–382
D-dimer test, 382–384
hypercalcemia, 386–389
hyperkalemia, 390–393
hypokalemia, 394–396
blurred vision, 67
bradycardia, 122
calf pain, 269
cardiomegaly, 124
chest pain, 115, 119
coma, 48
congestive heart failure, 127
constipation, 181
cough, 149
cyanosis, 152
delirium, 52
dementia, 55
depression, 41
diarrhea, 186t, 187t
dizziness, 8
dysphagia, 191
dysuria, 217
edema, 10
eosinophilia, 347
epigastric distress, 194t
erectile dysfunction, 221
erythema multiforme, 298
erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 348
falls, 12
fatigue, 15
fever, 17
gastrointestinal bleeding, 198
halitosis, 92
headache, 20
heart murmurs, systolic, 134
hematology and urine abnormalities
anemia, 344–346
eosinophilia, 346–348
erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 348–350
neutropenia, 350–352
polycythemia, 352–353
proteinuria, 354–355
thrombocytopenia, 355–356
hematuria, 219
hepatitis, 201, 202t
hepatomegaly, 206, 207t
Index
427