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Glossary of Terms
Food Allergy An adverse immune response to proteins in meat, mediated by IgE
or non-IgE mechanisms.
Basophil Activation Test (BAT) A test that measures basophil activation to diag-
nose food allergies.
Cross-Reactivity A phenomenon where structurally similar proteins from differ-
ent species trigger an immune response.
Lipid Transfer Protein (LTP) Proteins resistant to digestion that act as common
allergens in foods, including some meats.
Mast Cell Activation Test (pMAT) An invitro test that measures mast cell activa-
tion in response to allergens.
Histamine A substance released by mast cells during an allergic reaction, respon-
sible for symptoms like itching and inammation.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) An antibody involved in immune-mediated allergic
reactions.
Anisakis simplex A parasite that can cause allergic reactions when consuming
contaminated sh or meat.
Skin Prick Test (SPT) A diagnostic method to identify allergies by exposing the
skin to allergenic extracts.
Recombinant Proteins (rCan s 3) Synthetic proteins used in diagnostic tests to
detect sensitization to specic allergens.
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179© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025
M. G. Múnera Gómez et al. (eds.), Allergies, Poisoning and Intolerance to
Common Substances, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-93658-6
A
Acetaldehyde, 45, 46
Acute alcohol intoxication, 51, 52
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), 59
clinical presentation, 61, 62
diagnosis, 63
pathophysiology, 60
treatment, 63–66
Acute intolerance, 48
Acute intoxication, 51
Acute kidney injury (AKI), 59
Adverse food reactions (AFRs), 23, 37
Alcoholic beverage, 43
historical review, 44
intolerance, 50
types, 44
Alcoholic hepatitis, 52
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, 45
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), 48
Allergens, 13, 16, 17, 136, 137, 161
Allergies, 28, 72, 143
Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), 173, 174
Amnesic shellsh poisoning, 163
Analgesics, 96
Ananas comusus, 138
Anisakis simplex, 13, 16, 17
allergens, 17, 18
clinical manifestations, 15
diagnosis, 16
digestive conditions, 16
life cycle, 14, 15
Anticonvulsants, 96
Arachidonic acid (AA), 96
Azaspiracid poisoning (AZP), 164
B
Basophil activation tests (BAT), 7, 16
Beta-lactam antibiotics (BL), 107, 111, 112
Bioavailability, 3
Bovine milk allergy (BMA), 24, 25
Bovine milk intolerance, 31, 32
C
Cadmium (Cd), 72–75
Cadmium-induced allergy, 76
Cadmium poisoning
diagnosis, 74
treatment, 74, 75
Campylobacter, 172, 173
Cannabidiol (CBD), 3
Cannabinoids, 2, 3
Cannabis, 147
Cannabis sativa, 1, 4–6
Carbamazepine (CBZ), 114, 115
Caseins, 25, 26
Central nervous system (CNS), 122
Cephalosporin hypersensitivity, 110
Cereals, 146
Chitinases, 140
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), 60
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), 103
Citrus limon, 139
Congenital lactase deciency (CLD), 32
Cow’s milk allergy (CMA), 36
diagnosis, 29, 30
pathophysiology, 27, 28
Cow’s milk proteins (CMP), 27
Cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, 97, 98
Index
180
Cytochrome p450, 45
Cytotoxic T cells, 28
D
Dairy products, 29, 35
Deposition, 77
Diarrhetic shellsh poisoning, 163
Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis
(DI-AIN), 59
Dysbiosis, 46
E
E. coli O157, 171
End-stage renal disease (ESRD), 60
Ethanol, 45
Extensively hydrolyzed formulas (EHF), 31
F
Food safety, 171
Foodborne diseases (FBD), 159
Fragaria ananassa, 138
Fruits, 136
H
Heavy metals, 71, 72
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), 171
Hepatitis A virus, 159
Hepatotoxicity, 105
Hydrogen breath test, 34
5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
(5-HPETE), 99
Hypersensitivity, 60–62, 95, 96
I
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), 60
Immunoglobulin E, 16, 17
Ingestion, 160, 161
Intolerances, 136, 150–152
Intoxication, 2, 36
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 150
L
Lactose, 31, 33
Lactose intolerance (LI), 32, 34, 35
Lactose tolerance test, 35
Lamotrigine (LTG), 118, 120
Latex-fruit syndrome, 149
Legumes, 145, 146
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), 137, 149
Lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, 99
Listeria monocytogenes, 172
Litchi chinensis, 139
M
Meat allergy, 173
Meat poisoning, 169, 170
Medications, 95
Mercury (Hg), 74, 76, 78
Mercury poisoning, 80
clinical manifestations, 78, 80
diagnosis, 80
treatment, 81, 82
Mercury vapor, 78
Methylmercury (Me-Hg), 80
Milk proteins, 24, 25
Morus nigra, 138
N
Neurotoxic shellsh poisoning, 163
Nickel, 83, 84
Nickel poisoning, 74
Nonspecic lipid transfer protein, 5
Non-steroidal anti-inammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), 60, 96, 99, 100
NSAID-exacerbated cutaneous disease
(NECD), 103, 106
NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease
(NERD), 100, 106, 107
NSAIDs-induced urticaria/angioedema
(NIUA), 103, 104
Nuts, 140
O
Oral allergy syndrome, 148, 149
Oxidative stress, 47
P
Paralytic shellsh poisoning, 164
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), 107, 111
Penicillin hypersensitivity, 109
Phenotypes, 148
Poisonings, 73, 78, 136, 151
Pollen-food syndrome (PFS), 5
Pork-cat syndrome, 173
Primary beef allergy, 173
Primary lactase deciency, 32, 33
Index
181
Prolins, 140
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), 60
Prunus avium, 139
Prunus domestica, 139
Psychoactive effects, 2, 3
Pyrus communis, 139
R
Rapid lactase test, 34
Recurrent episodes of acute interstitial
nephritis (R-AIN), 60
S
Salmonella, 159, 171, 172
Sensitization, 174
Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR),
117, 120
Shellsh allergy, 160, 161
Shellsh intoxication, 162
Shigella, 159
Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1
(SREBF1), 47
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), 108, 113
T
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 2, 3, 6
Thaumatin-like protein (TLP), 4
T-helper 2 (Th2) Cells, 161
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), 127
Toxicokinetics, 77, 163
Trichinella spiralis, 159
V
Vegetables, 143
W
Whey proteins (WPs), 26, 27
X
Xenobiotics, 24
Z
Zoonotic infection, 19
Index