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358

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INDEX

pregnancy (cont.)

mesalazine 95a pre- eclampsia 250– a pruritis 225q, 250a right upper quadrant pain, headache, vomiting 226q, 250– a

ulcerative colitis 65q, 95a pre- operative chemotherapy, gastric adenocarcinoma 64a primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) 30q, 338a

alkaline phosphatase 222q, 246– 7a

diagnosis 246a

prognosis 223q, 247a primary (functional) constipation 207a primary prophylaxis, oesophageal varices 232– 3a primary sclerosing cholangitis 80f, 80q, 93a, 94f, 297q,

36– 7a, 325a investigations 30q, 330a MRCP diagnosis 247– 8a pruritus 224q, 249a recurrence 86q, 00a ulcerative pancolitis and 300q, 328– 9a

proctitis 288t proctocolectomy with ileal- pouch anastomosis 57q, 88a Progetto Nazionale Emorragia Digestive scores 9a progressive dysphagia 23q, 34a, 306q, 335a progressive jaundice 84q, 98a pro- inammatory cytokines 5q, 77a

JAK receptors 340a

protein– energy malnutrition 240a protein malnutrition 270– a proton pump inhibitor- responsive oesophageal eosinophilia

(PPI- REE) 36a

proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

microscopic colitis 98a oesophageal narrowing 335a

PRSS mutations 328a prucalopride 205– 6a pruritus 82q, 95a, 07q, 8– 9a

cholestatic liver disease 249a constipation, tenesmus, rectal bleeding 276q, 286a pregnancy 225q, 250a PSC 224q, 249a

pruritus ani 294q, 39– 20a psychological therapies 40a

eating disorders 269a

Public Health England 20a PUD (peptic ulcer disease) 39q, 53a PVT (portal vein thrombosis) 258a pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) 90– a

radiation proctopathy 8q, 5a radical gastrectomy 64a radiography

epigastric pain 02q, 2a foreign body ingestion 37a

rapid urease testing, Helicobacter pylori infection 53– 4a

Raynaud’s phenomenon 22q, 246a RBL (rubber band ligation) 286a R- CHOP, diuse large B- cell lymphoma 28q, 242a recreational drugs 300q, 329– 30a rectal bleeding 7q, 8q, 3– 4a, 4– 5a, 67q, 97a,

276a, 287a

constipation, tenesmus, pruritus 276q, 286a rectal discharge, Crohn’s disease 53q, 8– 2a refeeding syndrome 38a refractory colonic Crohn’s disease 68q, 98a refractory variceal bleeding 5q, – 2a regurgitation 20q, 22q, 24q, 30a, 33a, 35a rehydration therapy 23q, 36a renal lesions 83q, 97a re- operation rate, laparoscopic adjustable gastric band 27a resolved hepatitis B 242a retrosternal discomfort 23q, 34a right upper quadrant pain 75– 8q, 78f, 79q, 90– 3a

LFT 229q, 256– 7a

pregnancy 226q, 250– a Ringer’s lactate

acute pancreatitis 2– 3a

Hartmann’s solution vs. 3a rivaroxaban 279a Rockall risk score 9a Rome IV diagnostic criteria 40a, 208a Roux- en- Y gastric bypass 265q, 27a rubber band ligation (RBL) 286a Rutgeerts score 30q, 330– a, 33t

SAAG (serum albumin concentration minus ascitic albumin

concentration) 235a

sacroiliitis 90a

Salmonella enterica infection 49a Salmonella paratyphi infection 49a

Sarin classication, gastric varices 2t satiety hormones 24q, 38a SBP (secondary bacterial peritonitis) 235– 6a S- cells 6a SCFAs (short- chain fatty acid enemas) 98a schistosomiasis 33a sclerotherapy 5q, 2a scurvy 32q, 46a SDA (sporadic duodenal adenoma) 70a secondary bacterial peritonitis (SBP) 235– 6a secretin 06q, 6a sedation

Barrett’s oesophagus 282a, 283a

endoscopy 284t selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 98a selenium deciency 46– 7a self- expanding metal stents (SEMS) 5q, 2a, 8q, 28– 9a

oesophageal adenocarcinoma 8q, 28a, 29a SEMS see self- expanding metal stents (SEMS) Sepsis, Nutrition, Anatomy, Plan (SNAP) 270a

INDEX

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359

sepsis source control 75– 6q, 76f, 89a seronegative villous atrophy (SNVA) 27q, 4a serosa, stomach 6a serotonin 38– 9a serotonin- receptor antagonists 66a serous cystadenoma 2a serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) 204– 5a

diagnosis 204b sertraline 68q, 98– 9a serum- ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) 235a serum bilirubin 23a serum IgG TTG antibody 27q Seton sutures 82– 3a sexually transmitted diseases 288t SGLT 36a sharp object ingestion 339a shock index, haemodynamic instability 7q, 4a short bowel syndrome 263q, 264q, 269a, 270a short- chain fatty acid enemas (SCFAs) 98a SIBO see small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) sigmoidoscopy, exible see exible sigmoidoscopy silicon, Peyer’s patches 207a SIRS see systemic inammatory response syndrome (SIRS) skin lesion, ulcerative colitis 6f, 6q, 90– a slow- transit constipation 207– 8a, 207a SMA (superior mesenteric artery) 244a small bowel resection

enterocutaneous stula 264q, 270a

mesenteric infection 29q, 36a small- duct primary sclerosing cholangitis 224f, 224q, 248– 9a small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) 47– 8a, 27a

carbohydrate breath testing 289– 90a small intestine

contractile patterns 25q, 39a

Crohn’s disease 64q, 94a

disorders 23– 35q, 36– 49a

scintigraphy 39a smoking 07q, 7– 8a

Helicobacter pylori infection 54a SNAP (Sepsis, Nutrition, Anatomy, Plan) 270a SNVA (seronegative villous atrophy) 27q, 4a SOD (sphincter of Oddi dysfunction) 335a sodium chloride, short bowel syndrome 269a sofosbuvir, HCV therapy 242– 3a solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) 276q, 287a somatostatin 37t, 234a sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) 335a spinach 268– 9a splanchnic artery vasodilation 24q, 237a splenic vein 20f, 23– 2a sporadic duodenal adenoma (SDA) 70a SPS see serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) squamous cell carcinoma, oesophagus 7q, 27a SRUS (solitary rectal ulcer syndrome) 276q, 287a SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) 98a steatorrhoea 7– 8a

stents

covered stent placement 328a metal stents 95a plastic biliary stent insertion 88– 9a

see also self- expanding metal stents (SEMS) steroids 87a STK11 gene 203a stomach

disorders 39– 52q, 53– 7a

layers of 45q, 6a stretch receptors, neurotransmitters 25q, 38– 9a Strongyloides stercoralis infection 200a Stroop test 33– 2a submucosa, stomach 46q, 6a subtotal colectomy 34a succession splash 48q, 52q, 64– 5a, 7a suicide attempts 274q, 282a superior mesenteric artery (SMA) 244a superior mesenteric vein 23– 2a surgery

constipation- predominant irritable bowel

syndrome 286– 7a Crohn’s disease 337a haemorrhoidectomy 286a hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) 240a IPMN 2– 2a ischaemic colitis 97a jejunoscopy 263q, 269a Lynch syndrome (LS) 325a pancreatic adenocarcinoma 38a primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) 36– 7a

Sweet’s syndrome 95– 6a swimmer’s itch 33a syncope 5q, 2a systemic inammatory response syndrome

(SIRS) 2– 3a, 3a ERCP 90a

systemic sclerosis 33q, 47– 8a

TACE (transarterial chemoembolization) 23a TE (transient elastography) 24a

99m

technetium scanning 7q, 4a teenagers, small bowel Crohn’s disease 64q, 94a tenesmus, constipation, pruritis, rectal bleeding 276q, 286a tenofovir 27q, 24a terlipressin 24q, 234a, 236– 7a thiopurine methyl transferase (TPMT) 303q, 332a, 332t thiopurines

adverse eects 35a pregnancy 95a side eects 86t

through- the- scope balloon dilatation, oesophageal

narrowing 335a ticagrelor 280a TIPSS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) 303q, 333a

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INDEX

topical diltiazem 286– 7a topical steroids 87a toxic megacolon 90a TPMT (thiopurine methyl transferase) 303q, 322a, 332t tracheobronchoscopy 7q, 27a transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) 23a transferritin 257a transient elastography (TE) 24a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

(TIPSS) 303q, 333a transthoracic contrast enhanced echocardiogram 340– a travel, nausea & vomiting 48q, 66a Travis criteria 34a trimethoprim 45a Truelove & Witts criteria, AUSC 86a Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chaga’s disease) 24q, 35a tumour necrosis factor (TNF), drugs against see anti- tumour

necrosis factor drugs twin studies, inammatory bowel disease 78a type 2 diabetes 2q, 232– 3a type 2 intestinal failure 270a typhoid fever 49a

UC see ulcerative colitis (UC) UDCA see ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) ulcerative colitis (UC) 52q, 79a, 299q, 3q, 32q, 32a,

327– 8a, 340a, 34a

acute severe see acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) azathioprine therapy 303q, 332a budesonide multimatrix 55q, 84– 5a colonoscopy surveillance 64q, 93a CRC risk factors 94a infective colitis vs. 53q, 80a iniximab 65q, 95– 6a pregnancy 65q, 95a rescue therapy 86t skin lesion 6f, 6q steroid- dependent 56q, 85– 6a treatment 57q, 87a see also Crohn’s disease (CD)

Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS)

score 299q, 327– 8a, 327t ulcerative pancolitis 57q, 88a, 223q, 247– 8a

PSC and 300q, 328– 9a ulcers, duodenum 4q, a ultrasound

Crohn’s disease 55q, 83a

endoscopic see endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

hydatid disease 343a

intestinal ultrasound 83a, 84f, 84t United European Gastroenterology, endoscopy unit

appraisal 283a upper abdominal pain 49q, 66– 7a, 04q, 4a upper gastrointestinal tract

bleeding 34– 2a endoscopy performance measures 52q, 70a, 7t

upper quadrant pain

cholecystectomy 74q, 87– 8a

jaundice 228q, 253a urea breath test, peptic ulcer disease 39q, 53a urinary muddy brown casts 237– 8a ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) 92a, 246a

biochemical response to 247a

intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) 250a

pruritus in cholestatic liver disease 249a ustekinumab 339– 40a uveitis 92a

valganciclovir 334– 5a variceal haemorrhage (VH) 22q, 234a

refractory 5q, 2a vedolizumab 339– 40a

ulcerative colitis therapy 86a velpatasvir 242– 3a Verner– Morrison syndrome 36a video capsule endoscopy 6q, 3a villous adenomas 70a villous atrophy 69t VIPoma 23q, 36– 7a virulence factors, Helicobacter pylori infection 54a vitamin B3 (niacin) deciency 334a vitamin B9 (folate) deciency 56a, 3q, 45a vitamin B2 (cobalamin) deficiency 56a, 58a,

3q, 45– 6a vitamin C deciency 32q, 46a vitamin deciencies 7– 8a vitamin malabsorption 7a vomiting 52q, 7a

abdominal pain & distension 275q, 285a blood- stained vomit 2q, 9a pregnancy 226q, 250– a weight loss 304q, 333a see also nausea & vomiting

warfarin 279a watery diarrhoea 70q, 20a WD (Wilson’s disease) 229q, 255– 6a weight loss 4q, 50q, 57– 8a, 67– 8a, 83q, 97a, 07q, 09q,

7– 20a

abdominal discomfort 308q, 337a cirrhosis 8q, 94a fullness after eating, nausea 26q, 267a vomiting 304q, 333a

see also anorexia nervosa Whipple’s disease 337– 8a Whipple’s operation 95a WHO see World Health Organization (WHO) Wilson’s disease (WD) 229q, 255– 6a wire- guided bougie dilatation, oesophageal

narrowing 335a

wireless capsule motility testing 65a