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348

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INDEX

chemotherapy

gastric adenocarcinoma 64a

metastatic oesophageal cancer 8q, 28a chest pain, non- cardiac 22q, 33a chief cells 320a Child– Pugh Aalcohol- related cirrhosis 209q, 23a Child– Pugh C alcohol- related cirrhosis 295q, 303q,

322– 3a, 333a

Chlamydia lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), Crohn’s disease

vs. 287– 8a

cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

(ERCP) 292q, 36– 7a

risk factors 8q, 94a cholangiopancreatoscopy 93a cholangioscopy 80q, 93a

ERCP vs. 93a cholangitis 85q, 98– 9a

brown pigment gallstones 342a

cholangioscopy 93a

ERCP 79q, 90a, 93a cholecystectomy 74q, 88a

bile leak 88– 9a

elective laparoscopic 306q, 335a

laparoscopic cholecystectomy 75q

ulcerative pancolitis and PSC 329a

upper quadrant pain 74q, 87– 8a cholecystitis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy 75q, 88– 9a cholecystokinin (CCK) 6a, 37t, 37a choledochal cysts 98– 9a cholestatic drug- induced liver damage 228q, 254a cholestatic liver disease, pruritus 249a cholesterol gallstones 342a cholestyramine 48a, 249a chronic atrophic gastritis, biopsies 58a chronic diarrhoea 72q, 02– 3a chronic hepatitis B (CHB) 29q, 243– 4a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 256a chronic pancreatitis (CP) 297q

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy 324a

pain 07q, 8a

post- acute pancreatitis 7a chronic pouchitis 88a CHS (cannabis hyperemesis syndrome) 329– 30a ciclosporin

pancolitis management 86– 7a

perianal stulae 83a

ulcerative colitis therapy 86a cirrhosis 5q, 2a, 2q, 233– 4a

alcohol consumption see alcohol- related cirrhosis

ascites 235a

Child– Pugh cirrhosis see Child– Pugh Aalcohol- related

cirrhosis; Child– Pugh C alcohol- related cirrhosis decompensated- hepatitis C cirrhosis 243a hepatitis C 5q, 2a, 28q, 243a jaundice & weight loss 8q, 94a oesophageal varices 22q, 234a

Clinical Institute Withdrawal for Alcohol (CIWA- Ar) 322– 3a clinically signicant portal hypertension (CSPH) 232a Clonorchis sinensis infection 92a, 94a clopidogrel 280a, 293q, 39a Clostridioides dicile infection 69q, 99a

associated diarrhoea 97a CMV see cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection co- amoxiclav

metastatic melanoma 66q, 96– 7a

small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 47– 8a cobalamin (vitamin B2) deciency 56a, 58a, 3q, 45– 6a coeliac axis 23a coeliac disease (CD) 30q, 29q, 4a, 43– 4a

bone health 29q, 43a

gluten- free diet 49q, 66– 7a

histology 28f, 28q, 42– 3a, 42f

histopathology 68– 9a

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 42a

see also gluten- free diet colectomy

acute severe ulcerative colitis 78– 9a

ulcerative colitis 52q colitis 34a

acute colitis 34a

acute severe colitis 327a

collagenous colitis 98a

Crohn’s colitis 53q, 79– 80a

cytomegalovirus infection 20a

diversion colitis 98a

immunotherapy- associated colitis 96– 7a

infective colitis vs. ulcerative colitis 53q, 80a

ischaemic colitis 67f, 97a

lymphocytic colitis 98a

microscopic colitis 98a

ulcerative see acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC);

ulcerative colitis (UC) colitis- associated colorectal cancer (CACRC) 93a collagenous colitis 98a colonic disorders 5– 76q, 77– 208a colonic resections, Crohn’s disease 337a colonic transit study 207a colonoscopy

abdominal pain 273q, 280a acromegaly 7q, 202a bowel habit changes 72q, 204– 5a bowel preparation 295q, 32– 2a chronic diarrhoea 72q, 202– 3a iron- deciency anaemia 20a pancolitis 64q, 94a ulcerative colitis 64q, 93a

colorectal cancer (CRC)

hereditary non- polyposis colorectal cancer 297q, 325a primary sclerosing cholangitis/ inammatory bowel

disease 297q

ulcerative colitis risk factors 94a common bile duct (CBD), fusiform dilatation 85q community- acquired pneumonia (CAP) 259q, 266a

INDEX

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349

complex ileocolonic Crohn’s disease 3q, 339– 40a computed tomographic angiography (CTA)

aorto- enteric stulae 342– 3a lower gastrointestinal bleeding 7q, 4a

computed tomography (CT)

abdomen & pelvis 235– 6a, 280a acute pancreatitis imaging 2a alcohol excess 295q, 323a gastrointestinal stromal tumours 60a head of pancreas adenocarcinoma 293q, 38– 9a hydatid disease 343a pancreatic cystic lesions 0q, 2– 2a

computed tomography pulmonary angiogram

(CTPA) 74q, 88a concentric brosis, small- duct PSC 248a conscious sedation, Barrett’s oesophagus 283a consent 285a

elective endoscopic gastrostomy 283– 5a

constipation 73q, 75– 6q, 75f, 205– 6a, 207– 8a

abdominal pain & nausea 292q, 37a dyssynergic constipation 207a functional (primary) constipation 207a IBS- C (constipation- predominant irritable bowel

syndrome) 276q, 286– 7a

irritable bowel syndrome 276q, 286– 7a primary (functional) constipation 207a secondary causes 208a slow- transit constipation 207– 8a, 207a tenesmus, pruritis, rectal bleeding 276q, 286a

constipation- predominant irritable bowel syndrome

(IBS- C) 276q, 286– 7a contractile patterns, small intestine 25q, 39a contrast computed tomography, acute pancreatitis

imaging 2a COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) 256a copper deciency 27– 2a coronary artery disease 273q, 279– 80a covered stent placement, oesophageal perforation 328a CP see chronic pancreatitis (CP) CRC see colorectal cancer (CRC) creatinine, refeeding syndrome 38a Crohn’s colitis 53q, 79– 80a Crohn’s disease (CD) 0q, – 2a, 5q, 77a

activity index 83 complex ileocolonic Crohn’s disease 3q, 339– 40a diagnosis 54q, 83a diarrhoea 34q, 48a dietary therapy 88a eye problems 63q, 92a ileal Crohn’s disease 54q, 82– 3a ileocaecal Crohn’s disease 59q, 89a ileocaecal resection & en bloc mid- ileal stricture

resection 337a

ileocolonic Crohn’s disease 5q, 58q, 89a, 208– 9a immunomodulatory therapy 62q, 9a inuenza vaccinations 62q, 9– 2a inheritance of 5q, 77– 8a

left loin pain 262q, 268– 9a lower back pain 60q, 90a macroscopic haematuria 262q, 268– 9a omeprazole & loperamide 262q, 268a perianal pain 53q, 8– 2a personalized anti- TNF therapy (PANTS) 89a rectal discharge 53q refractory colonic Crohn’s disease 68q, 98a resemblance to 277q, 287– 8a Rutgeerts score 30q, 330– a, 33t small bowel Crohn’s disease 64q, 94a ultrasound 55q, 83a ustekinumab 339a

see also ulcerative colitis (UC) crypt architecture preservation 98– 9q Cryptosporidium parvum infection 99– 00a CSPH (clinically signicant portal hypertension) 232a CT see computed tomography (CT) CTA see computed tomographic angiography (CTA) cyanoacrylate injection 5q, 2a cystic echinococcus (CE) 343a cytokines, pro- inammatory cytokines 5q, 77a, 340a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection

colitis 20a

HIV infection and 54a

post- liver transplantation 30q, 338– 9a cytotoxin testing, Clostridioides dicile infection 99a

dabigatran 279a D cells 32a decompensated- hepatitis C cirrhosis 243a defecation

dyssynergic defecation 73q, 205a

pain with 40a delayed gastric emptying 292q, 37a

recreational drugs 329– 30a DeMeester score 22q, 34a Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 269a DEXA (dual energy X- ray absorptiometry) scanning, coeliac

disease 43a diabetes type 2 2q, 232– 3a diarrhoea 47q, 63a, 24q, 37a, 68q, 98– 9a

abdominal bloating, atulence 278q, 289– 90a abdominal pain 69q, 99a assessment of 30q, 44a blood with see bloody diarrhoea chronic diarrhoea 72q, 202– 3a Crohn’s disease 34q, 48a itchy skin 69q, 200a

watery diarrhoea 70q, 20a diclofenac 2a diuse large B- cell lymphoma 28q, 242a dihydrofolate reductase, folate deciency 45a dilated cardiomyopathy, selenium deciency 47a DILI see drug- induced liver damage (DILI) diltiazem 286– 7a

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INDEX

direct- acting antiviral (DAA) therapy

HCV cirrhosis therapy 28q, 243a HCV therapy 242a

hepatocellular cancer 239a distal (diuse) oesophageal spasm 22q, 34a distension, abdominal pain & vomiting 275q, 285a diuretic- intolerant ascites 23q, 235– 6a diversion colitis 98a diverticulectomy, endoscopic 336a DNA synthesis, folate deciency 45a dominant strictures, primary sclerosing cholangitis 93a domperidone 65– 6a drug- induced hepatitis B 249a drug- induced liver damage (DILI)

cholestatic pattern 228q, 254a

idiosyncratic vs. intrinsic 228q, 253– 4a

intrinsic vs. idiosyncratic 228q, 253– 4a drug- induced nodular regenerative hyperplasia 35a dual energy X- ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning, coeliac

disease 43a

duodenum

adenoma 5f, 5q, 69– 70a, 69f

coeliac disease histology 42a

disorders 39– 52q, 53– 7a

intraepithelial lymphocytosis 50q, 68– 9a, 69t

PAS staining of biopsies 337– 8a

ulcers 4q, a dysmotility, gastroparesis 263q, 269a dyspepsia 4q, – 2a, 39q, 4q, 44q, 46q, 49q, 53– 4a, 57–

8a, 60a, 62a, 66– 7a gastroscopy 45q, 60– a Helicobacter pylori infection 40q, 54a

dysphagia 7q, 22q, 24q, 26q, 27a, 33a, 35a, 36a,

307q, 336– 7a oesophageal cancer 8q, 29a palliation of 8q, 28– 9a progressive 306q, 335a

dysphasia, endoscopy 299f, 299q, 328a dysplasia, Barrett’s oesophagus 2q, 33a dyssynergic constipation 207a dyssynergic defecation 73q, 205a

early dumping syndrome (EDS) 27a EASL see European Association for Study of the Liver (EASL) eating disorders 263q, 269a EATL (enteropathy- associated T- cell lymphoma) 43– 4a ECCO see European Crohn’s and Colitis

Organization (ECCO)

Echinococcus granulosus infection 34q, 343a echocardiography, transthoracic contrast enhanced 340– a ECL cells 320a ectopic pancreas 60a edoxaban 279a EDS (early dumping syndrome) 27a EEN (exclusive enteral nutrition), Crohn’s disease 88a EIMs (extra- intestinal manifestations), inammatory bowel

disease 79a

elderly, inammatory bowel disease 294q, 32a elective endoscopic gastrostomy 275q, 283– 6a elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy 306q, 335a electrocardiography (ECG), refeeding syndrome 38a electrolyte abnormalities, ulcerative colitis 60q, 90a electrolyte replacement therapy, ulcerative colitis 90a ELF (Enhanced Liver Fibrosis) scores, NAFLD 25– 2a emergency liver transplant 228q, 253a EMR see endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) en bloc mid- ileal stricture resection, Crohn’s disease 337a endoscopic diverticulectomy 336a endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)

gastric adenocarcinoma 64a

oesophageal adenocarcinoma 8q, 28a endoscopic resection, gastric adenocarcinoma 64a endoscopic retrieval, foreign body ingestion 339a endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

(ERCP) 82f, 88– 9a, 89a, 95a, 96f acute gallstone pancreatitis 4a antibiotic prophylaxis 28– 2t cholangiocarcinoma 292q, 36– 7a cholangioscopy vs. 93a cholangitis 79q, 93a gallstones 02q, 2a jaundice 280– a key performance measures 275q, 283a pregnancy 77q, 90a timing of 04q, 4a

endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) 64a endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

antibiotic prophylaxis 28– 2t guided coeliac plexus block, pain relief 8a key performance measures 283a oesophageal carcinoma 7q, 27a pancreatic pseudocysts 4a pancreatic tumours 23a perianal stulae 82a

endoscopy

anaemia 305f, 305q, 334a caustic agent ingestion 37– 8a dysphasia 299f, 299q, 328a foreign body ingestion 37a, 37t sedatives & analgesics 284t video capsule endoscopy 6q, 3a

endoscopy units, annual appraisal 275q, 283a Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) scores, NAFLD 25– 2a enteral feeding

acute pancreatitis 3a Crohn’s disease 88a systemic inammatory response syndrome 3a

enteric fever 35q, 49a enterochroman cells 320– a enterocutaneous stula, small bowel resection 264q, 270a enteropathy- associated T- cell lymphoma (EATL) 43– 4a enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection 23q, 36a enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Clostridioides dicile

infection 99a

EoE (eosinophilic oesophagitis) 26q, 36a

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351

eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) 26q, 36a epigastric discomfort/ pain 4f, 4q, 46q, 50q, 56– 7a, 57f,

62a, 67– 8a, 0q, 02q, a, 2a epigastric distension 48q, 64– 5a episcleritis 92a ERCP see endoscopic retrograde

cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) ESD (endoscopic submucosal dissection) 64a ESGE see European Society of Gastrointestinal

Endoscopy (ESGE) ESMO (European Society of Medical Oncology) 333a ESWL (extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy) 324a ETEC (enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli) infection 23q, 36a EUA (examination under anaesthetic), perianal

stulae 8– 2a European Association for Study of the Liver (EASL)

gallbladder abnormalities 329a MRCP recommendations 248a porcelain gallbladder management 88a pruritus management 249a

European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization (ECCO) 82a

ileocaecal resection guidelines 89a

immunomodulatory therapy in Crohn’s disease 9a European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism 240a European Society for Medical Oncology 23a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) 2a

atrophy and/ or intestinal metaplasia

recommendations 57a endoscopy unit appraisal 275q, 283a upper GI endoscopy performance measures 70a

European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) 333a EUS see endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination under anaesthetic (EUA), perianal

stulae 8– 2a

exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), Crohn’s disease 88a exocrine insuciency 7a extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) 324a extra- intestinal manifestations (EIMs), inammatory bowel

disease 79a

eye problems, Crohn’s disease 63q, 92a

faecal culture 79a faecal elastase (FE) 07q, 7a faecal incontinence (FI) 73q, 206a, 277q, 289a familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) 57a family history/ studies

gastric cancer incidence 63– 4a inammatory bowel disease 78a

Fasciola hepatica infection 92a fasting serum gastrin 63a

Zollinger– Ellison syndrome 54a

FE (faecal elastase) 07q, 7a female sex, gastric cancer incidence 63– 4a fentanyl, endoscopy 284t ferritin, inammatory bowel disease 92– 3a fever 75– 6q, 89a

watery diarrhoea 70q, 20a

FGPs (fundic gland polyps) 57a FI (faecal incontinence) 73q, 206a, 277q, 289a bro- vascular polyps 327a atulence, abdominal bloating & diarrhoea 278q, 289– 90a exible sigmoidoscopy

perianal stulae 8– 2a

rectal bleeding 276a, 276q ucloxacillin 254a uid resuscitation therapy

acute severe ulcerative colitis 90a

ischaemic colitis 97a folate (vitamin B9) deciency 56a, 3q, 45a foreign body ingestion 26q, 37a, 3q, 339a Forrest classication 3q, 0a, t full- thickness biopsies, Ménétrier’s disease 68a fulness after eating, weight loss, nausea 26q, 267a functional biliary sphincter disorder 90a functional (primary) constipation 207a fundic gland polyps (FGPs) 57a fusiform dilatation, CBD 85q, 98– 9a

gallbladder 329a

calcication 74q, 88a gallbladder carcinoma 329a

porcelain gallbladder 88a gallstones 73q, 87a

acute pancreatitis 04q, a, 4a

black pigment gallstones 342a

brown pigment gallstones 33q, 342a

cholangitis 02q, 2a

cholesterol gallstones 342a

pancreatitis 04q, 4a

risk factors 27a ganciclovir, cytomegalovirus colitis 20a gastrectomy

partial 56a

radical gastrectomy 64a gastric acid secretion 294q, 320– a gastric adenocarcinoma 47q, 63– 4a, 64a gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) 334a gastric cancer (GC)

incidence 63a

metastases 333a

mortality 58a

prevalence 46q, 62a

risk factors 56– 7a

staging of 304q, 333a gastric disorders 39– 52q, 53– 7a gastric emptying

delayed see delayed gastric emptying

scintigraphy 64– 5a gastric epithelial polyps 57– 8a gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) 37a gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), pancreatic cancer

and 52q, 7a gastric peptic ulcers 3q, 0a gastric varices, Sarin classication 2t

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INDEX

gastrin 37t

fasting serum levels see fasting serum gastrin gastritis, atrophic see atrophic gastritis gastro- duodenal ulceration, NSAIDs 48a gastrointestinal cancer 325a gastrointestinal haemorrhage – 8q, 9– 5a gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) 44f, 60a, 60f gastro- oesophageal reux disease (GORD) 30a, 48q, 64– 5a gastro- oesophageal varices 2q, 233– 4a gastroparesis 64a

dysmotility 263q, 269a gastroscopy 4q, – 2a, 4q, 57– 8a

anaemia 45q, 60– a

bleach ingestion 282a

dyspepsia 45q, 60– a

outpatient gastroscopy 2q, 9a gastrostomy, elective endoscopic 275q, 283– 4a GAVE (gastric antral vascular ectasia) 334a GBS (Glasgow- Blatchford Scale) q, 9a, 0t GC see gastric cancer (GC) G cells 320a GDH (glutamate dehydrogenase) assay 69q, 99a GEMINI- 2 trial 339– 40a genetics

hereditary non- polyposis colorectal cancer 325a

inammatory bowel disease 78a genome- wide association studies (GWAS) 78a ghrelin 24q, 38a Giardia lamblia infection 298q, 326a giardiasis 298q, 326a GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide) 37a GISTs (gastrointestinal stromal tumours) 44f, 60a, 60f Glasgow- Blatchford Scale (GBS) q, 9a, 0t glucagon- like peptide  37t glucagon- like peptide 2 37a, 37t glucocorticoids 244a glucose– hydrogen breath test 278q, 289– 90a glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) assay 69q, 99a gluten 4a gluten- free diet 30q, 29q, 4a, 43– 4a

coeliac disease 49q, 66– 7a

see also coeliac disease (CD) glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), irritable bowel syndrome 286a GOO (gastric outlet obstruction), pancreatic cancer

and 52q, 7a GORD (gastro- oesophageal reux disease) 30a, 48q, 64– 5a granular cell tumour 298q, 327a GTN (glyceryl trinitrate), irritable bowel syndrome 286a gut hormones 24q, 37a, 37t GWAS (genome- wide association studies) 78a

HA (hepatic artery) 209q, 23a haematemesis 3q, 5q, 0a, – 2a, 26q, 240a haematuria, Crohn’s disease 262q, 268– 9a haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP)

syndrome 250– a

haemorrhages

gastrointestinal haemorrhage – 8q, 9– 5a rectal bleeding see rectal bleeding

variceal haemorrhage 22q, 234a haemorrhoids 286a haemostatic powder 4q, – 2a Hartmann’s solution, Ringer’s lactate vs. 3a Harvey Bradshaw index 83a HAT see hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) HBSAg positivity 27q, 24a HCA (hepatocellular adenoma) 239– 40a HCC see hepatocellular cancer (HCC) HE see hepatic encephalopathy (HE) headache, pregnancy 226q, 250– a head of pancreas adenocarcinoma 293q, 38– 9a heartburn 20q, 30a, 47q, 63a heart failure, ascites 235a hEDS (hypermobility- type Ehlers– Danlos syndrome) 37a Helicobacter pylori infection

duodenal ulcers a

dyspepsia 40q, 53– 4a, 54a

eradication & cancer prevention 56a, 62a

gastric cancer incidence 63a

peptic ulcer disease risk factor 53a

treatment failure 40q, 54a HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets)

syndrome 250– a hepatic artery (HA) 209q, 23a hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) 98a

post- liver transplant 258a

hepatic encephalopathy (HE) 23q, 236a

ammonia and 24q, 238a

diagnosis 302q, 33– 2a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) 232a hepatitis, autoimmune see autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) hepatitis B 27q, 24a

chronic disease 29q, 243– 4a

drug- induced 249a

re- activation 242a

resolved hepatitis B 242a

suppression of viral DNA 24a hepatitis C

cirrhosis 5q, 2a, 84q, 98a, 28q, 243a

pangenotypic treatment 28q, 242– 3a hepatitis D 243– 4a hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis 92a hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) 239– 40a hepatocellular cancer (HCC) 84q, 98a, 25q, 239a

diagnosis 25q, 239a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intermediate hepatocellular

carcinoma 23a hepatocellular drug- induced liver damage 254a hepatomegaly 222q, 246a hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) 340– 7a hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)

acute tubular necrosis (ATN) vs. 24q, 237– 8a dierential diagnosis 237– 8a

INDEX

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353

hepatorenal syndrome– acute kidney injury

(HRS- AKI) 24q, 236– 7a herald bleeding 343a hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) 230q, 257a hereditary non- polyposis colorectal cancer 297q, 325a hereditary pancreatitis 300a, 328a herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection 54a heterotropic pancreas 45f, 60– a Heyde’s syndrome 6q, 3a HH (hereditary haemochromatosis) 230q, 257a 5- HIAA (5- hydroxyindolacetic acid), MEN  diagnosis 44a high- grade dysplasia, Barrett’s oesophagus 2q, 33a histology, microscopic colitis 98– 9a HIV infection

anal intraepithelial neoplasia 277q, 288– 9a associated infections 54a

Cryptosporidium parvum infection 99– 00a HLA (human leucocyte antigen) 78a HPS (hepatopulmonary syndrome) 340– a HPV (human papillomavirus) infection 288a HRS see hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) HRS- AKI (hepatorenal syndrome– acute kidney

injury) 24q, 236– 7a human leucocyte antigen (HLA) 78a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection 288a HVPG (hepatic venous pressure gradient) 232a hydatid disease 34q, 343a hydrogen breath testing 47a 5- hydroxyindolacetic acid (5- HIAA) 44a hyoscine 66a hyperammonaemia 238a hyperemesis gravidarum 25a hyperferritinaemia 229q, 256– 7a, 323a hyperinfection syndrome, Strongyloides stercoralis

infection 200a hypermobility- type Ehlers– Danlos syndrome (hEDS) 37a hyperosmotic preparations, bowel preparation 32a hyperplastic polyps 57– 8a hypertonic uid restriction 36a hypertrophic gastropathies 68a hypochlorhydria, iron deciency 56a hypodense wedge- shaped renal lesions 83q, 97a hypomagnesaemia 90a hyponatraemia 234a hypothyroidism 222q, 246a

IAC (International Ascites Club) 236– 7a, 236a IAP see International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) IBD see inammatory bowel disease (IBD) IBS see irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) IBS- C (constipation- predominant irritable bowel

syndrome) 276q, 286– 7a ibuprofen 39q, 53a ICP (intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy) 250a idiosyncratic drug- induced liver damage, intrinsic

vs. 228q, 253– 4a

IFN- © (interferon- ©) 208a IFX see iniximab (IFX) IgG4- related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4- SC) 97a IL- 5 (interleukin- 5) 208a IL- 3 (interleukin- 3) 208a ileal Crohn’s disease 54q, 82– 3a ileoanal pouch reconstruction (IPAA) 34a ileocaecal Crohn’s disease 59q, 89a ileocaecal resection

Crohn’s disease 337a

ileocaecal Crohn’s disease 89a ileocolonic Crohn’s disease 5q, 58q, 89a, 208– 9a ileocolonoscopy 83a imaging, NAFLD diagnosis 25a immune response, inammatory bowel disease 5q, 77a immunomodulatory therapy, Crohn’s disease 62q, 9a immunosuppression, autoimmune hepatitis therapy 245a immunotherapy- associated colitis 96– 7a Independent Mental Capacity Advocate 285a infective colitis, ulcerative colitis vs. 53q, 80a inammatory bowel disease (IBD) 5– 76q, 58q,

77– 208a, 88a azathioprine- induced pancreatitis 0q, – 2a elderly 294q, 32a faecal incontinence 73q, 206a intravenous iron therapy 63q, 92– 3a ustekinumab 339a see also Crohn’s disease (CD); ulcerative colitis (UC)

iniximab (IFX) 52q, 78– 9a

acute severe ulcerative colitis management 85a perianal stulae 82a pregnancy 95– 6a response loss 3q, 339– 40a ulcerative colitis 65q, 95– 6a

inuenza vaccinations 62q, 9– 2a INR (international normalized ratio) 253a interferon- © (IFN- ©) 208a interleukin ® polymorphisms 54a interleukin- 5 (IL- 5) 208a interleukin- 3 (IL- 3) 208a intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma 23a intermittent abdominal pain 72q, 203– 4a International Ascites Club (IAC) 236– 7a, 236a International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) 38– 9a

acute pancreatitis imaging 2a

International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group 220q, 244a

diagnostic criteria 245t

international normalized ratio (INR) 253a International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

(ISDE) 35a

interstitial cells of Cajal 37a intestinal- failure associated liver disease 270a intestinal failure type 2 270a intestinal metaplasia (IM) 56a, 58a

glandular mucosa 20q, 3a

intestinal transplantation 270a intestinal ultrasound (IUS) 83a, 84f, 84t

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INDEX

intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) 2a intraepithelial lymphocytosis 48a intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) 250a intravenous iron therapy, inammatory bowel

disease 63q, 92– 3a intravenous nutrition, type 2 intestinal failure 270a intrinsic drug- induced liver damage, idiosyncratic

vs. 228q, 253– 4a intrinsic primary aerent neurons (IPANs), luminal

distension 39a intussusception 285a invasive anal cancer 288– 9a IPAA (ileoanal pouch reconstruction) 34a IPANs (intrinsic primary aerent neurons), luminal

distension 39a ipilimumab

drug- induced liver damage 254a

metastatic melanoma 66q, 96– 7a IPMN (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm) 2– 2a iron deciency 40q, 56a

anaemia 50q, 5q, 68– 9a, 69– 70a, 34q, 48– 9a, 7q,

20a, 273q, 279– 80a

inammatory bowel disease 93a iron supplements 334a

inammatory bowel disease 92– 3a irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 54q, 83a

coeliac disease and 42a

constipation- predominant irritable bowel

syndrome 276q, 286– 7a diagnosis 25q, 40a, 208a predominant constipation 207a

ischaemic colitis 67f, 97a ISDE (International Society for Diseases of the

Esophagus) 35a

isoniazid 254a itchy skin, diarrhoea 69q, 200a ivermectin 200a

JAK receptors, inammatory cytokines 340a jaundice 75– 6q, 83q, 89a, 95a, 07q, 09q, 8– 9a, 23a

abdominal distension 20q, 232a cirrhosis 8q, 94a pancreatitis 8q, 94a pregnancy 225q, 250a primary sclerosing cholangitis 80q, 93a progressive jaundice 84q, 98a upper quadrant pain 228q, 253a

Katayama syndrome 302q, 33a Kayser– Fleischer (KF) rings 255a Keshan disease 46a ketamine 99a King’s College criteria, emergency liver transplant 228q,

253a, 253t

lactase non- persistence 47a D- lactic acidosis 268a lactose- hydrogen breath tests 47a lactose intolerance 33q, 47a LAGB (laparoscopic adjustable gastric band) 265q, 27a laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) 265q, 27a laparoscopic cholecystectomy 75q laparoscopic magnetic sphincter augmentation 20q, 3a laparoscopy, gastric cancer staging 333a large adenomas 70a large volume melaena 33q, 342– 3a late dumping syndrome (LDS) 27a laxatives 206– 7a LDS (late dumping syndrome) 27a left loin pain, Crohn’s disease 262q, 268– 9a leiomyoma 327a leptin 24q, 38a lethargy

arthralgia and 220q, 244a

Raynaud’s phenomenon 22q, 246a LFTs see liver function tests (LFTs) LGIB (lower gastrointestinal bleeding) 7q, 4a LGV (Chlamydia lymphogranuloma venereum), Crohn’s disease

vs. 287– 8a lidocaine 284t lipofuscin 206– 7a liver biochemistry, abnormal 224q, 248– 9a liver biopsy 248a

advanced (bridging) brosis 227q, 25– 2a autoimmune hepatitis diagnosis 29q liver function tests 29q, 243a non- alcoholic steatohepatitis 323a

PSC 330a liver cirrhosis 256a liver damage, idiosyncratic vs. intrinsic

drug- induced 228q, 253– 4a

liver disease 209– 29q, 23– 57a

cholestatic liver disease 249a

intestinal- failure associated liver disease 270a liver elastography 330a liver function tests (LFTs)

abnormal results 85q, 99a

autoimmune hepatitis 244a

liver biopsy 29q, 243a

poor results 296q, 323– 4a

right upper quadrant pain 229q, 256– 7a liver mass 26q, 239– 40a liver stiness measurement (LSM), hepatitis B 24a liver transplant (LT)

absolute contraindications 230q, 257– 8a

alcohol- related cirrhosis 229q, 254– 5a

Child– Pugh C alcohol- related cirrhosis 303q, 333a

complications after 84q, 98a

cytomegalovirus infection 30q, 338– 9a

emergency 228q, 253a

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355

HCV cirrhosis therapy 28q, 243a NASH cirrhosis 230q, 258a

primary biliary cholangitis 338a loperamide 262q, 269a lorazepam 322– 23a lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) 7q, 4a lower respiratory tract infections 26q, 267– 8a low- grade dysplastic Barrett’s oesophagus 2q, 32a low- phospholipid associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) 92a LPAC (low- phospholipid associated cholelithiasis) 92a LS see Lynch syndrome (LS) LT see liver transplant (LT) luminal distension, IPANs 39a lymphocytic colitis 98a lymphocytic gastritis 49f, 49q, 66– 7a, 67f lymphoma

diuse large B- cell lymphoma 28q, 242a

enteropathy- associated T- cell lymphoma 43– 4a

thiopurine adverse eects 86a Lynch syndrome (LS) 297q, 325a

surveillance 325a

macrolide antibiotics 255a macroscopic haematuria, Crohn’s disease 262q, 268– 9a MAGIC trial (MRC) 64a magnesium

deciency 90a

Peyer’s patches 207a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) 89a

abdominal pain 06f, 06q, 5a

pancreatic cystic lesions 0q, 2– 2a

primary sclerosing cholangitis 80q, 93a, 94f magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

back pain in Crohn’s disease 90a

hepatocellular adenoma 239– 40a

perianal stulae 8a magnet ingestion 339a male sex, CRC risk factors 94a Mallory– Dark bodies 323– 4a malnutrition identication 259q Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) 259q,

266a, 266t

Management of really sick patients with anorexia nervosa

(MARSIPAN) guidelines 38a manometry, anorectal see anorectal manometry (ARM) MAP (MUTYH- associated polyposis) 202a Marsh– Oberhuber classication, coeliac disease 42– 3a, 42t MARSIPAN (Management of really sick patients with anorexia

nervosa) guidelines 38a MD (Ménétrier’s disease) 50q, 67– 8a Meckel’s diverticulum 7q, 4a megaoesophagus, achalasia and 25f, 25q, 35a, 36f melaena q, 3q, 4q, 6q, 7q, 9a, 0a, – 2a, a, 3a, 4a,

293q, 33q, 39a, 34– 2a

large volume 33q, 342– 3a

melanosis 206– 7a MELD scores, HCV cirrhosis 243a Ménétrier’s disease (MD) 50q, 67– 8a Mental Capacity Act (2005) 269a Mental Health Act (2007) 269a 6- mercaptopurine 95a mesalazine 84– 5a

pregnancy 95a ulcerative colitis 340a

ulcerative colitis treatment 85a mesenteric infection, small bowel resection 29q, 36a metabolic alkalosis 52q, 7a metabolic syndrome, hyperferritinaemia 256– 7a metal stents 95a metastatic melanoma 66f, 66q, 96– 7a, 96f metastatic oesophageal cancer 8q, 28a metformin 3q, 45– 6a metoclopramide 66a microsatellite instability (MSI) 325a microscopic colitis 98a midazolam, endoscopy 284t migratory arthralgia, ascites 309q, 337– 8a Mirizzi’s syndrome 87a mismatch repair (MMR) 325a mixed- type drug- induced liver damage 254a Montreal classication, Crohn’s colitis 53q, 79– 80a, 80b mouth ulcers 52q, 79a MRCP see magnetic resonance

cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) MRI see magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MSI (microsatellite instability) 325a mucosa, stomach 6a mucous- secreting cells 320a multiple endocrine neoplasia type  (MEN ) 44a

pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours 2a multiple sclerosis 26q, 267– 8a muscularis propria, stomach 6a MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool) 259q, 266a, 266t MUTYH- associated polyposis (MAP) 202a

N- acetyl- p- benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) 252– 3a NAFLD see non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) naltrexone 249a NAS (non- anastomotic) biliary strictures 98a NASH (non- alcoholic steatohepatitis) 2q, 232– 3a, 323– 4a

see also non- alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis nasogastric feeding, alcoholic hepatitis 240a nasojejunal feeding 267a nausea 42– 3q, 58– 9a

abdominal pain & constipation 292q, 37a

weight loss, fulness after eating 26q, 267a nausea & vomiting

Parkinson’s disease 48q, 65– 6a

travel and 48q, 66a