Treatment for human illness has always relied on natural resources like plants. The primary idea behind the evolution of contemporary medicine can be linked to conventional therapies and medicine. Since prehistoric times, plants have been utilized for medical purposes in several regions of the world, includ­ing Africa, ancient China, America, Egypt, and India, (Darji et al., 2022). Plants produce a diverse array of bioactive compounds from various components. These include, among others, latex, stems, leaves, bark, seeds, roots, and owers. These substances, which are known as secondary metabolites, play a crucial role in the defense mechanism of plants against bacteria, insects, and herbivores. Plants con­tain various bioactive substances, such as avonoids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, and others (Sendker & Sheridan, 2017). Even today, herbal remedies and natural products remain essential for treating various illnesses. Contrary to the commonly used allopathic method, herbal treatments contain several phytochemicals that act collectively in com­bating ailments (Afzal et al., 2022). The availability of chemical analysis emerged in the early 19th century, marking the commencement of the extraction and alteration of herbal extracts. Herbal medica­tions were formerly disregarded for creating new formulations because of insufcient scientic valida­tion and challenges in processing, extracting, standardizing, and identifying the different components of these complex mixtures (Darji et al., 2022). Due to their possible therapeutic efcacy and reduced side effects when compared to other medications, herbal medicines have gained recognition from both doctors and patients. In addition, they boost the medicine's bioavailability (Sendker & Sheridan, 2017).