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ɉɪɢɧɹɜɤɪɚɫɱɟɬɭɦɚɲɢɧɭɐɊîɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
B
ɦɦ ɦ
B
ɪɚɫ
ɑɬɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɧɚɜɢɜɤɭɪɚɛɨɱɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɬɚɧɚɛɚɪɚɛɚ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ (ɬɚɛɥ. Ⱥ.8 ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ⱥ)
ɌɢɩɐɊî
F'
cɬ
uu
ɝɞɟ
GȾ
Ⱦ
ɤɇ
±ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɚ
±ɦɚɯɨɜɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɵ
ɛ
V
maɯ
ɛ
ɦɫ
ɦ
u
ɦB
F
u
(GȾ2)ɛ ɤɇāɦ
ɫɬ ɦɚɯ
ɤɇ
ɦ
8.1.5. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɤɨɩɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɢɜɚ
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪɤɨɩɪɨɜɵɯɲɤɢɜɨɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
ɦɦ ɦ
Ⱦ dt |
ɲɤ ɤ
Ⱦɥɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨɪɚɞɢɭɫɚɢɡɝɢɛɚɤɚɧɚɬɚɧɚɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɟɦɚɲɢɧɵ
ɢɧɚɤɨɩɪɨɜɨɦɲɤɢɜɟɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ
Ⱦ
ɲɤ
ɦ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɩɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɢɜɚ
ɦɦ
ɌɢɩɒɄɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɤɚɧɚɬɚ
ɤɨɩɪɨɜɨɝɨɲɤɢɜɚ±(GȾ
2
)
ɤɇɦ
ɲ.ɤ.
d
ɤ
ɦɚɯɨɜɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬ
8.1.6. Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɭ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɲɚɯɬɵ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɟɦɜ ±ɨɬɧɨɫɨɫɢɦɚɲɢɧɵɨɬɨɫɢɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɝɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɪɢɫɭ
ɧɨɤ
ɜɇȾ y
ɤɛ
ɧ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚɫɬɪɭɧɵɤɚɧɚɬɚɦ
LHɫɜ
d
ɫɬɪ ɤ
Ⱦ
ɲɤ
ɉɪɢɞɚɧɧɨɣɞɥɢɧɟɫɬɪɭɧɵɤɚɧɚɬɚɭɝɥɵɞɟɜɢɚɰɢɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
D
BS n d
arctg arctg
ɬɪ ɤ
L
ɫɬɪ
H
D
D
arctg
H
BBS
D
arctg arctg
ɪɚɫ
L
ɫɬɪ
D
arctg
D
ɱɬɨɧɟɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬɉɌɗɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɩɪɢɦɟɦɞɥɢɧɭɫɬɪɭɧɵL
ɉɪɢɞɥɢɧɟɫɬɪɭɧɵɦɭɝɥɵɞɟɜɢɚɰɢɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ
D
ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬɉɌɗ
DD
d
ɦ
ɫɬɪ
DD
DD
ɍɝɨɥɧɚɤɥɨɧɚɫɬɪɭɧɵɤɚɧɚɬɚɤɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɭ
ɇɫ
arctg arctg
E
ɤ
Ⱦ
ɜ
ɲɤ
DD
dd
E
D
8.1.7. Ʉɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ⱦɥɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɲɟɫɬɢɩɟɪɢ
ɨɞɧɚɹɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɦ
±ɜɵɫɨɬɚɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ
ɩ
h
±ɩɭɬɶɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɢɫɤɢɩɚ
V
±ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɫɤɢɩɚɧɚɜɵɯɨɞɟɢɡɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɯɤɪɢɜɵɯ
hhh
ɞ cɬ
V
±ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɞɨɬɹɠɤɢ
ɞ
a
±ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɟɫɬɨɩɨɪɟɧɢɹ
cɬ
±ɩɭɬɶɞɨɬɹɠɤɢɢɫɬɨɩɨɪɟɧɢɹ
H
ɩ
ɦh
ɦɫ
V y
ɞ
a y
cɬ
ɦɫ
ɦh
ɱɬɨ
ɦɫV d
8.1.7.1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɢɩɚ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɜɪɟɦɹɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɤɢɩɚɩɭɧɤɬ
m
ɌɌ tt
ɝɞɟ
±ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɝɨɰɢɤɥɚɫ
Ɍ
ɰ
t
±ɭɬɨɱɧɺɧɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɚɭɡɵɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ
ɩ
ɫ
ɰɩ ɩ
ɝɪ
Ⱥ
ɱ
t
ɩ
ɫ
ɟɫɥɢɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶɞɨɬ
V
cɪ
Ɍ
ɦɫ
H
ɩ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ
[
[
[
VV
D
ɬɪɚɫ ɫɪ
ɦɫ
ɝɞɟD±ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢɞɥɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɨɞɴɟɦɨɜĮ
ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɚɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɵ
V
n
ɛ
S
ɬ ɪɚɫ
Ⱦ
ɛ
ɦɢɧ
ɚɫɬɨɬɭɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɪɨɬɨɪɚɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
n
= nɛ Â u1 ā ɦɢɧ±
ɞɜ1
n
= nɛ Â u2 ā ɦɢɧ±
ɞɜ2
ɝɞɟ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɱ
uu
± ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɵ
ɂɡ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
±
ɦɢɧ
u
ɲɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɦ
n
ɫ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯ
ɦɢɧ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ n
ɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨ
ɫ
Ɍɨɝɞɚɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɤɢɩɚ
Ⱦ nS
S
VV
maɯɮ ɬ ɪɚɫ
ɝɞɟ
cnu
ɛ c
!
±ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɚɹɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɢɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ
u
ɦɫ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
S
±ɫɤɨɥɶɠɟɧɢɟ6
8.1.7.2. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɟɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟɭɫɢɥɢɟɩɭɧɤɬ
F ɤ Q
ɷɤɜ ɨɪ
ɇ
ɤ
ɝɞɟ
±ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣɜɪɟɞɧɵɟɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ
±ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɞɥɹɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ
Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
FV
P
ɷɤɜ ɨɪ
ɷɤɜ ɨɪ ɦɚɯ ɮ
K
ɪɟɞ
ɤȼɬ
ɝɞɟ
ɪ
K
K
K
J
J
ɪ
K
J
ɪ
J
J
K
ɪ
±ɄɉȾɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɚɞɥɹɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɯ
ɟɞ
ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɯ
y
ɪɟɞ
ɂɡɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ⱥ ɬɚɛɥ Ⱥɩɨ
ɪɟɞ
n
ɢ
P
ɷɤ ɜ ɨɪ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɞɜɢ
c
ɞɥɹɞɜɭɯ
ɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɦ ɟɝɨ
ɩɨɥɧɭɸɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ
ɌɢɩȺɄɇ
ɝɞɟ
ɤȼɬ
P
ɧɨɦ
±ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɚɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɬɚɛɥ
GȾ
n
±ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɪɨɬɨɪɚɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɧ
ɧɨɦ
ɦɢɧ
n
ɧɨɦ
± ɦɚɯɨɜɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɪɨɬɨɪɚɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɤɇÂɦ
ɨɬ
ɬɚɛɥ
GȾ
ɪɨɬ
8.1.7.3. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɚ
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɭɫɢɥɢɟɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɦɨɟɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦɧɚɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɚɇ
P
F
ɧɨɦ
ɧɨɦ ɪɟɞ
V
ɦɚɯ ɮ
ɆɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɧɚɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɦɜɚɥɭɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɚɇÂɦ
MFȾ
ɤɪ ɦɚɯ ɧɨɦ ɪɚɫ ɛ
ɝɞɟ
ɫɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɦɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɦɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦɢɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ
±ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɢɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɚɫ
J
ɪɚɫ ɬɚɛɥ
ɉɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ
ɢuɞɥɹɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɧɚɩɨɞɴɟɦɟɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ
M
ɤɪ ɦɚɯ
u
ɢɩɪɢ
ɜɟɞɟɦɟɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟȺɬɚɛɥȺ
ɌɢɩɐɈ
M
ɝɞɟ
GȾ
ɤɇ ɦ
ɤɪ ɦɚɯ
± ɦɚɯɨɜɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɚ
ɟɞ
u
ɤɇ ɦ
GȾ
ɪɟɞ
ɪɟɞ
8.1.7.4. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹɦɚɫɫɚɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
mm m mLmL
ɩɪ ɝɪ c ɤɝɤ ɭɤ ɭɤ
g ȾȾȾ Ⱦ
GȾ GȾ
ɲɤ ɛ
ɲɤ ɛ ɛ ɛ
GȾ GȾ
ɪɨɬ ɪɟɞ
u
L
L
J
m
ɩɪ
ɤɝ
L
ɝɞɟ
±ɩɨɥɧɚɹɞɥɢɧɚɨɞɧɨɣɜɟɬɜɢɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɬɚɦ
ɝɤ
LHL l Ⱦ n
ɝɤ ɫɬɪ ɡ ɛ ɬɪ
±ɞɥɢɧɚɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɤɚɧɚɬɚɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɨɬɜɟ
ɭɤ
ɫɚ
ɦ
H
ɭɤ
8.1.7.5. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹ
S
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ
F ɤQpqH
ɧɨɦ ɪɚɫ ɤ n
a
ɬɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟɥɟɠɢɬɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
a
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
m
ɩɪ
ɦɫadd
ɦ ɫ
ɩɭɧɤɬ
Ɂɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɟɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
ɤQpqH
a
ɡ
ɬɟɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɟɥɟɠɢɬɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɤ n
m
ɩɪ
ɦɫ
add
ɡ
ɩɭɧɤɬ
ɦɫ
8.1.7.6. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢɢɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɣɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦ
ɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɩɭɧɤ
ɬɨɦ Ɂɧɚɹ ɷɬɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɦɵ ɫɦɨɠɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɶ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɫɭɞɚɫɷɬɢɦɢɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ
ȼɪɟɦɹɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɤɢɩɚɜɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɯɤɪɢɜɵɯɢɟɝɨɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟɜɷɬɨɬɩɟɪɢɨɞ
hV
ta
F ɦɫ
Vt
ȼɪɟɦɹɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɤɢɩɚɢɩɭɬɶɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɣɡɚɷɬɨɬɩɟɪɢɨɞ
VV
ɫ
ɦɚɯ ɮ
t
a
VV
ɦɚɯ ɮ
ht
ɦ
ȼɪɟɦɹɫɬɨɩɨɪɟɧɢɹɫɤɢɩɚɢɩɭɬɶɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɣɡɚɷɬɨɬɩɟɪɢɨɞ
V
ɞ
thVt
cɬɫɬɞɫɬ
ɚ
ɫɬ
ɫ ɦ
ɉɭɬɶɞɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹɫɤɢɩɚɢɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɷɬɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
h
hhh t
ɞɫɬ ɞ
ɦ ɫ
ɞ
V
ɞ
ȼɪɟɦɹɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɢɩɭɬɶɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɣɡɚɷɬɨɬɩɟɪɢɨɞ
VV
ɦɚɯ ɮ ɞ
t
VV
ht
ɚ
ɦɚɯ ɮ ɞ
ɫ
ɦ
ɉɭɬɶ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨ
ɫɬɶɸɢɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɷɬɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
hH hhh
ɦ
n
h
tV
ɦɚɯ ɮ
ɫ
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɤɢɩɚ
Ɍ tttttt
ɮɞɫɬ
ɫ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɝɨɰɢɤɥɚ
t
ɝɞɟ
±ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɩɪɢɡɚɩɭɫɤɟɩɨɞɴɟɦ
ɩɞ
ɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹt
ɌɌtt
ɰɮ ɮ n ɩɞ
ɫ
ɩɞ
ɫ
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ⱥ m Ⱥ
!
ɱɮ ɝɪ ɱ
Ɍ
ɰɮ
ȺȺ !
ɱɮ ɱ
ɬ ɬ
ɬɱ
8.1.8. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɣɢɭɫɢɥɢɣɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵɧɚɪɢ
ɫɭɧɤɟ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 8.
1. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ, ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɍɫɢɥɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɢɩɨɜ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɨɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɚɤɚɞɆɆɎɟɞɨɪɨɜɚ
F ɤQqp H xmɚ r
ɞɜ i ɤ n ɩɪ i
ɇ
Ɍ ɤ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɪɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ
x
ɤɝɦ ɚ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɪɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɬɚ ɤɝɦ ɬɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɭɫɢɥɢɣɩɪɢɦɟɬɜɢɞ
F ɤQqp H xmɚ r
ɞɜ i ɤ n ɩɪ i
ɇ
Ɍɨɝɞɚ
Fx aa
ɇ
Fxhaa
ɇ
Fxhaa
ɇ
Fxhhaa u
ɇ
u
Fxhha u
> @ ɇ
u
Fxhhha u
> @ ɇ
u
Fxhhhaɚ u
> @ ɇ
u
Fxhhhhaɚ u
> @ ɇ
u
Fxhhhha u
> @ ɇ
u
Fxhhhhha u
> @ ɇ
u
Fxhhhhhaɚ u
> @ ɇ
u
Fxhhhhhhaɚ u
> @
u
ɇ
F
> @
> @
> @
> @
> @
> @
> @
> @
> @
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
> @
> @
> @
i
ɞ i
ɞ i ɫɬ
ɞɫɬi ɫɬ
F14
ɝɞɟ
± ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɚ ɧɚ ɬɵɣi ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟ
ɧɢ
a
±ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟiɬɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
i
8.1.9. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɦ
ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟɭɫɢɥɢɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
Ɍ
Fdt
i
³
F
Ɍ
F dt F Ft F Ft F FF Ft
ɝɞɟ
i
³
FFt FFt FFt
> @ >
@ >
@ > @
> @ >
@ ɇ ɫ
ɷɤɜ
T
ɰɷɤɜ
ɞɫɬ
ɇ
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɰɢɤɥɚ
Ɍ ttttttt t
ɰɷɤɜ ɞ ɫɬ ɩɞ n
F
DE
ɝɞɟ
± ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
DE
DE
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥ
ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɝɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
FV
ɷɤɜ
K
ɷɤɜ ɦɚɯ ɮ
P
ɪɟɞ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɦɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
F
ɦɚɯ
J
ɝɞɟ
ɮ
F
±ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɭɫɢɥɢɟɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɟɢɡɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵɭɫɢ
ɚɯ
F
ɧɨɦ
ɥɢɣ
ɤȼɬ
ɌɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɣɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶȺɄɇɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ
F
ɜɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
8.1.10. ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɄɉȾ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ɂɚɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɭɸ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɡɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ
ɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
ɝɞɟ
VFt
ɦɚɯ ɮ i
W
ɡ
¦
ɇ ɫ
FF
tFFt FFtFFtFFt
i
FFt FFt
±ɭɫɢɥɢɹɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɟɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
¦
KK
ɪɟɞ ɞɜ
ɞɫɬ
ɤȼɬ ɱ
ɊɚɫɯɨɞɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɧɚɨɞɧɭɬɨɧɧɭɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨɭɝɥɹɤȼɬÂɱɬ
W
ɡ
em
ɝɪ
ȽɨɞɨɜɨɣɪɚɫɯɨɞɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɤȼɬÂɱ
ȿɟȺ
ɝɨɞ
ɉɨɥɟɡɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ
ɤȼɬÂɱ
QH
W
n
n
ɄɉȾɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
W
K
n
ɭɫɬ
W
ɡ
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