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ȽɅȺȼȺȼɕȻɈɊɂɊȺɋɑȿɌɌɈɊɆɈɁɇɈȽɈɍɋɌɊɈɃɋɌȼȺ
ȼɵɛɨɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɥɹɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɨ
ɜɟɪɢɬɶɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɨɛɨɪɭ
ɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɦɢɦɚɲɢɧɚɦɢɐ; 2ɐ; ɐɊ, ɆɉȻ ɢɐɒ, ɆɉɆȽɈɋɌ
Ⱦɥɹɷɬɨɣɰɟɥɢɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɬɢɩɚɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɵɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣ
ɫɬɜɚɬɢɩɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɪɝɚɧɚɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɤɚɤɬɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭɩɪɟɞɜɚ
ɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɠɚɬɢɹɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɪɭɠɢɧɧɨɝɨɛɥɨɤɚɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɠɚɬɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɢɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚɯɢɜɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɟ ɉɪɨ
ɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɢɞɥɹɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ
ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɧ ɩɭɫɬɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɭɫɤ ɝɪɭɡɚ ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɵɛɨɪɬɢɩɚɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɢ ɫ ɨɫɟɜɵɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨɭɫɢɥɢɹɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ±ɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 6.1. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ
ɉȺɈ ɇɄɆɁ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 6.2. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ
ɁȺɈ «Ⱦɨɧɟɰɤɝɨɪɦɚɲ»
ɉɪɢɜɨɞɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɪɟɠɢɦɵɟɝɨɪɚɛɨɬɵ
Ɍɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨ
ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɢɢɢɯɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɬɚɤɢɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɤɚɤɜɪɟɦɹɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨɯɨɞɚɢɜɪɟɦɹɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ
ɧɵɦɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦɞɥɹɤɚɠɞɨɣɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ
Ɍɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɟ
Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɟɩɪɢɜɨɞɵɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɬɢɩɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨ
ɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɥ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɭ
ɠɢɧɧɨɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɉɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹɧɚɩɧɟɜɦɨɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɟɢɩɪɭɠɢɧɧɨɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ɋɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɜ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɹɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯȻȼ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɯɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɯɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɨɛɨɪɭɞɨ
ɜɚɧɧɵɯɦɚɲɢɧɚɦɢɬɢɩɚ2ɐ, ɐɊ, ɆɉȻ ɢ ɐɒ, ɆɉɆ.
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣɛɨɥɶɲɢɣɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ÌÌ t
ɇÂɦ
ñò
ɝɞɟ
m
maõ
M
±ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɫɬ
x ɞɥɹɧɟɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɞɴɟɦɨɜɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɦɚɲɢɧɚɦɢɬɢɩɚ2ɐ
ɐɊ, ɆɉȻ
R)ɇp+(Q=Ɇ
ɇÂɦ
ɛɩɤɫɬ
x ɞɥɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɞɴɟɦɨɜɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɯɦɚɲɢɧɚɦɢɬɢɩɚ2ɐ, ɐɊ,
ɆɉȻ ɢ ɐɒ, ɆɉɆ
RQ=Ɇ
ɇÂɦ
ɛɫɬ
ɝɞɟ Rɛ ±ɪɚɞɢɭɫɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɚɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɵɦ
,
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ Ɇ
ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɨɜ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ
ɫɬ.1
ɜɦɟɫɬɨ Rɛ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚ ɤɚɧɚɬɨɜɟɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɲɤɢɜɚ
R
ɦ
ɤ.ɲ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣɨɞɧɢɦɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɨɪ
ɝɚɧɨɦɬɨɪɦɨɡɨɦ
Ɇ
=
ɬ
Ɇ
ɬmaɯ
ɇāɦ
Ɍɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣɞɥɹɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɩɨɪɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɚɩɪɢɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɞɥɢɧɵɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯɤɚɧɚɬɨɜɷɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɫɩɪɚɜɟɞ
ɥɢɜɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɩɨɞɴɟɦɨɜɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɦɚɲɢɧɚɦɢɬɢɩɚ2ɐ, ɐɊ, ɆɉȻ
ɆɆ t
ɇāɦ
ɫɬmaɯɬ
Ɇ
ɝɞɟ
±ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣɩɨɩɟ
ɫɬ
ɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɚ
R)ɇp+(G=Ɇ
ɇÂɦ
ɛɄɫɬ
Ɍɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣɨɞɧɢɦɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɨɪɝɚɧɨɦɩɪɢɩɟ
ɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɚ
Ɇ=Ɇ
ɇāɦ
maɯɬɬ
ȼɵɛɨɪɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ
ɉɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɲɚɯɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚɯ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɵ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɦɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɟɦɚɲɢɧɵɬɢɩɚ2ɐ, ɐɊ, ɆɉȻ ɫ Ⱦ
ɢ ɦ ɨɛɨɪɭ
ɛ
ɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ
ɞɜɭɯɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɤɨɥɨɞɨɤ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɧɟɜɦɨɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ
ɫɦɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ
Ɇɚɥɵɟɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɟɦɚɲɢɧɵɬɢɩɚ2ɐ, ɆɉȻɫ Ⱦ
ɦɢɜɫɟɦɧɨ
ɛ
ɝɨɤɚɧɚɬɧɵɟɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɵɬɢɩɚɐɒ, ɆɉɆɡɚɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɐɒ-5ɯ8ɤɨ
ɬɨɪɚɹɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɨɞɴɟɦɚɯɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɲɚɯɬɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɵɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɦɢ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɢɩɚɫɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦɤɨɥɨɞɨɤ
ɫɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɦ
ɩɪɭɠɢɧɧɨɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ ɫɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɭɠɢɧɧɨ
ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɭɠɢɧɧɨɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ ɫ
ɲɚɪɧɢɪɧɨɣɨɩɨɪɨɣɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 6.3. ɉɪɭɠɢɧɧɨ-ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞ
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɜɨɞɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɴ
ɟɦɧɵɟɦɚɲɢɧɵɨɛɨɪɭɞɭɟɬɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɦɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢɫɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɦɨɪɝɚɧɨɦɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 6.4. ɉɪɭɠɢɧɧɨ-ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɫ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɧɨɣ
ɨɩɨɪɨɣ: 1 – ɞɢɫɤ; 2 – ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ; 3 – ɩɨɫɬɚɦɟɧɬ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 6.5. Ɍɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ:
1 – ɥɟɜɵɣ (ɩɪɚɜɵɣ) ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ; 2 – ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ; 3 – ɧɚɠɢɦɧɚɹ
ɝɚɣɤɚ; 4 – ɬɚɪɟɥɶɱɚɬɚɹ ɩɪɭɠɢɧɚ; 5 – ɩɨɪɲɟɧɶ; 6 – ɲɬɨɤ; 7 – ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɚɹ
ɤɨɥɨɞɤɚ; 8 – ɩɥɢɬɚ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ; 9 – ɞɢɫɤ; 10 – ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ȼɫɜɹɡɢɫ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧɬɨɪ
ɦɨɡɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ
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Ⱦɥɹɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɦɢɦɚɲɢɧɚɦɢɫɰɢɥɢɧ
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Ⱦɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
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ɟɝɨɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɢɯɬɢɩɨɜ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɭ
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɲɬɚɧɝɟ ɩɪɭɠɢɧɧɨ
ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ
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f – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɬɪɟɧɢɹf
U
±ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɪɝɚɧɚɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ
Ɍɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹȻ
ɬɚɛɥȻɢɫɯɨɞɹɧɚɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɱɬɨ
FG+F
t
ɩɪɬɱɩɬɚɯɬ
F
ɝɞɟ
±ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹɫɢɥɚɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɠɚɬɢɹɩɪɭɠɢɧɧɨɝɨɛɥɨɤɚɇ
ɬ.max
±ɜɟɫɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɯɫɹɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɜɨɞɚɇ
ɱɩG
ɉɨɫɥɟɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɢɡɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ȼɬɚɛɥ Ȼ ɜɵɩɢɫɵ
ɜɚɟɬɫɹɟɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ
F=F G
ɬɚɛɥ ɬ ɩɪ ɩ ɱ
ɇ
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɠɚɬɢɹɩɪɭɠɢɧɧɨɝɨɛɥɨɤɚ
F
ɛɥɬɩɪ
ɦ
=h
ɋ
ɝɞɟɋ±ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶɩɪɭɠɢɧɧɨɝɨɛɥɨɤɚɤɇɦ
6.8.2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɠɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ
ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɨɪɦɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɩɪɭɠɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɬɨɪɦɚ
ɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ
ɇ
hɋ=F
ɪɚɛɞɨɩ
ɝɞɟ
±ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣɯɨɞɩɨɪɲɧɹɦ
h
ɪɚɛ
Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɠɚɬɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɟɩɪɢɪɚɫɬɨɪ
ɦɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ
ɐɊɌminɊ
Ⱦ
)hC+(F
ɪɚɛɩɪɬ
ɉɚ
KS
ɩɬɐɊɌ
ȼɟɫɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɝɪɭɡɚɞɥɹɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ
ɇ
GF=G
ɱɩɩɪɬɞɨɩ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɯɝɪɭɡɨɜ
G
ɞɨɩ
ɪɚɫɝn
ɲɬ
G
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɧɵɦ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɬɨ
ɪɨɧɭɢɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɫɝn
6.8.3. Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɠɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɜ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ
)n(nG+F
ɐɉɌmiɩɊ
)d(Ⱦ
@>
ɪɚɫɝɮɝɩɪɬ
ɉɚ
KS
nmɲɬɐɉɌ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɠɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɟ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɢ
ɐɊɌmiɩɊ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪ
ɐɉɌmiɩɊ
ɦɭɥɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɟɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
6.8.4. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɨɪɝɚɧɨɦɞɥɹɝɪɭɡɨɜɨɣɱɚɫɬɢ
)n(nG+FɆ
@>
ɮɬɆ
F
ɩɪɬ
ɪɚɫɝɮɝɩɪɬɪɚɫɬ
ɇāɦ
6.8.5. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɵɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ
ɫɹɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ±ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɜɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
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