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ɉɪɢɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢɚɬɨɦɤɪɟɦɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟV
VSVS
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ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɫɯɟɦɟ
6L
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SG
ɑɟɬɵɪɟɧɟɫɩɚɪɟɧɧɵɯɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɚɬɨɦɚɦɨɝɭɬɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɜ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯɫɜɹɡɟɣɩɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɫɚɬɨɦɚɦɢ
ɮɬɨɪɚɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɩɨɨɞɧɨɦɭɫɩɚɪɟɧɧɨɦɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɭɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ
6L)
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VVSɜɫɟɢɨɧɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɩɚɪɟɧɵɋɜɹɡɶɜɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ
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ɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨ ɞɨɧɨɪɧɨɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɧɨɦɭɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɡɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɚɪɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɮɬɨɪɢɞ
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ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɤɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɤɚɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɟ
ɪɢɨɞɚɧɟɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ Gɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɟɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵɛɵɬɶɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɚɦɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯɩɚɪ
ȾɢɩɨɥɶɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵɚɦɦɢɚɤɚɪɚɜɟɧȾȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶɞɥɢɧɭ
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ɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ"
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ
P Ⱦ ÂÂ
í
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Ʉɥ
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ɜɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɟɞɢɩɨɥɶɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɛɵɥɛɵɪɚɜɟɧɧɭɥɸɗɬɚɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɩɨɫɬɪɨɟ
ɧɚɜɮɨɪɦɟɬɪɢɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɵɜɜɟɪɲɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɚɬɨɦɚɡɨɬɚɚ
ɜɜɟɪɲɢɧɚɯɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵɚɬɨɦɵɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ
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ɧɨɣɩɚɪɵ
Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɱɟɦɭɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɪɚɜɧɚɩɹɬɢɚɭɚɡɨɬɚɬɚɤɨɟɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɚɬɨ
ɦɨɜɞɥɹɫɜɹɡɟɣ+±2±;ɝɞɟɏ±&O%U,ɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɚɤɚɤɚɹɢɡɫɜɹɡɟɣɜ
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ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɠɢɬɟɤɚɤɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɹɡɢɜɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɯ
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ɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ⱦ ɂ Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɟɟɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɗ± Ɉɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ
ɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ
&+
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ɜɚɧɢɢɢɨɧɚ%+
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+
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í
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ɧɨɢɷȼȾɥɹɤɚɤɨɝɨɢɡɷɬɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ
ɧɢɟɢɨɧɧɵɯɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ"
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɚɬɨ
ɦɨɜɞɥɹɫɜɹɡɟɣ+±2ɢ2±$VɄɚɤɚɹɢɡɫɜɹɡɟɣɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɥɹɪɧɚ"Ʉɤɚɤɨɦɭɬɢɩɭ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ$V2+
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"
ɤɨɟɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɟɪɵ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɢ ɜɨɡ
ɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ"
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ +%U ɟɫɥɢ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɞɢɩɨɥɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭ
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í
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í
ɦȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ
ɟɟɞɢɩɨɥɶɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɜɞɟɛɚɹɯɢɜɤɭɥɨɧɦɟɬɪɚɯ
Ⱦɢɩɨɥɶɧɵɟɦɨɦɟɧɬɵɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ+
2ɢ+6ɪɚɜɧɵɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɢ Ⱦ ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɞɢɩɨɥɟɣ ȼ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟɫɜɹɡɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɚ"
ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɢɩɨɥɶɧɵɯɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɜɹɡɟɣɜɷɬɢɯɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ
Ⱦɢɩɨɥɶɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ&6
ɞɢɡɚɰɢɢȺɈɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɬɨɣɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ"
ɉɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ VS VS
ɪɚɜɟɧɧɭɥɸɄɚɤɢɦɬɢɩɨɦɝɢɛɪɢ
ɢ VS
ɝɢɛɪɢɞɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɨɱɧɨɣ
ȼɢɞɝɢɛɪɢɞɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɜɹɡɢ
ɋɋ
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VS
VS
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í
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ɷɬɚɧ
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ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ
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ȾɄɚɤɢɦɢɬɢɩɚɦɢɝɢɛɪɢɞɢɡɚɰɢɣȺɈɛɨɪɚɢɚɡɨɬɚɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɷɬɨɣɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ %H+
&6 %%U" Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɷɬɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭ
6L+
ɥɵ"
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ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɜɹɡɢɜɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ&&O
ȼ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ
%&O
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&2&2&O"
ɢ6L)
ɉɨɥɹɪɧɵɥɢɷɬɢɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ"
Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɬɢɩɚ Ⱥȼ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ%H&O
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ɢ+
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ɞɢɡɚɰɢɢ"
ȼɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ62
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ɞɢɡɚɰɢɢɉɨɥɹɪɧɵɥɢɷɬɢɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ"Ʉɚɤɨɜɚɢɯɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ"
ɉɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ6L)
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í
Ɇɨɠɟɬɥɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɬɶ
ɊȺɁȾȿɅɗɇȿɊȽȿɌɂɄȺɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈȼ
ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɯɢɦɢɢɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɜɢɞɨɜɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɞɪɭɝɜ
ɞɪɭɝɚɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɷɬɢɯɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɟɱɟɧɢɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɜɞɚɧɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɣɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɵɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤ
ɰɢɣɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɢɟɦɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɝɥɨɳɚɟɬɫɹ±
ɉɪɢɥɸɛɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɌɟɩɥɨɬɚ4
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɚɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣɢɞɟɬɧɚɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ'8ɢɧɚɫɨ
ɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟɪɚɛɨɬɵȺ
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ 8±ɷɬɨɨɛɳɢɣɟɟɡɚɩɚɫɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɣɨɬɫɨ
ɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ8
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ8
Ɍɟɩɥɨɬɚɢɪɚɛɨɬɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɧɟɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɉɪɢɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟ
ɚɤɰɢɹɯɪɚɛɨɬɚȺ SÂ'9ɝɞɟ'9±ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɨɛɴɟɦɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɵS±ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟɞɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɟ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟɚɤɰɢɣɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬɩɪɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢɡɨɛɚɪɧɨɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ 4
ɋɭɦɦɭ8S9ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɱɟɪɟɡ
ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɨɣɌɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɡɚɤɨɧɵ
ɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɟɣ Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹɜɵɞɟɥɟ
ɷɤɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɚɬɟ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɬɟɩɥɨ ɩɨ
ɷɧɞɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
4 '8$
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɢɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɩɭɬɢɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
'8 8
±8
'8 S'9
S
+ɢɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɟɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɢ
+±+ '+
4
S
Ɍɟɩɥɨɬɚɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɗɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɹɜɥɹ
ɟɬɫɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɟɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ'+ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨ
ɧɟɱɧɵɦɢɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢɡɨɯɨɪɧɨɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨ
ɰɟɫɫɟɬɟɩɥɨɬɚɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɪɚɜɧɚɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
'8
4
Y
ɉɪɢɷɤɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹɢ'+
ɚɩɪɢɷɧɞɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɢ'+!
.ɗɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɜɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ'+
ɢɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ
ɫɹɜɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ
Ɍɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɚɫɱɟɬɵɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵɧɚ
ɡɚɤɨɧɟȽɟɫɫɚɝɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɬɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɭɱɚɫɬɜɭ
ɸɳɢɯɜɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɢɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯɫɬɚɞɢɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɂɡɡɚɤɨɧɚȽɟɫɫɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɱɬɨɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦɨɠɧɨɫɤɥɚɞɵ
ɜɚɬɶɜɵɱɢɬɚɬɶɢɭɦɧɨɠɚɬɶɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɢ
ɑɚɫɬɨɜɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ 'ɇ
ɫɚ
ɪɚɜɟɧ ɫɭɦɦɟɬɟɩɥɨɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ '+
ɯɪ.
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɢɡɡɚɤɨɧɚȽɟɫ
ɨɛɪ.
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɡɚɜɵɱɟɬɨɦɫɭɦɦɵɬɟɩɥɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ǻ+ ǻ+ ǻ+
ɯɪ ɨɛɪ ɨɛɪ
ɩɪɨɞɪɟɚɤ ɢɫɯɨɞɜɟɳ
¦¦
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ
'+ ±ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶɢɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɋɝɪɚɮɢɬ1
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶɬɟɩɥɨɬɭɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ1
Ɉɝ &2ɝ1ɝ'+ ±ɤȾɠ
2 ɝ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɜɢɫɤɨɦɭɸɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭɱɟɪɟɡɯɡɚɩɢɲɟɦɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɭɪɚɜɧɟ
ɧɢɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ1
1
2ɢɡɩɪɨɫɬɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɝɈɝ 12 ɝ'+
= ɯɤȾɠ
Ɂɚɩɢɲɟɦɬɚɤɠɟɬɟɪɦɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɋɈ
ɢɡɩɪɨɫɬɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɋɝɪɚɮɢɬɈ
ɝ &2
ɝ'+
±ɤȾɠ
ɂɡɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣɢɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟȾɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɭɦɧɨɠɢɦ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɧɚɞɜɚɢɜɵɱɬɟɦɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɟɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɢɡ
ɂɦɟɟɦ
ɋɝɪɚɮɢɬ1
'+
2ɝ ɋɈɝ1ɝ
±±ɯɤȾɠ
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɹɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɢɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ
±±ɯ ±ɨɬɤɭɞɚɯ ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ
ɉɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶɞɚɧɧɵɦɢɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ'+
0JɤɋɈ
ɝ 0J2ɤɋɝɪɚɮɢɬ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɝ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɈɢ
0J2 ɪɚɜɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ± ɢ ± ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ ɧɚɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɫɬɚɧ
ɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɧɭɥɸ Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɢɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ
0J2
ǻ+ǻ+ǻ+
±Â ±ɤȾɠ
&2
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ &6
ɟɫɥɢɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨ&6
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ'+
1+
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɤɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟ
ɧɢɢ)H
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɦɟɫɥɢɛɵɥɨɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨɝɠɟɥɟɡɚ
2
ɉɪɢɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɝ&D&
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸɬɟɩɥɨɬɭɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ&D2+
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ'+
ɧɚɤɚɠɞɵɟɝ)H
$O
Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɨɣɷɮɮɟɤɬɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ62
ɪɚɜɟɧ±ɤȾɠɈɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸɬɟɩɥɨɬɭɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ+
Ɉɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɚɦɦɢɚɤɚɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬɩɨɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ 1+
ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ1+
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸɬɟɩɥɨɬɭɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɵ&
ɟɫɥɢɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣɷɮɮɟɤɬɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ&
ɠɈ ɋɈɝ62ɝ±ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ
ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚɚɦɦɨɧɢɹɟɫɥɢɞɥɹɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɝ+&Oɝ 1+&Oɤ'+
)H2ɟɫɥɢɩɪɢɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ )H $O2 )H2
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɟɬɫɹɤȾɠɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ
2
ɝ2ɝ 1+2ɠ±ɤȾɠ
1+
ɝɜɜɨɞɟɪɚɜɧɚ±ɤȾɠ
+2
±ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ
ɜɜɨɞɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤȾɠ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ
ɝ+6ɝ 6ɪɨɦɛ+2ɠ
2 &2+2ɠɪɚɜɟɧ±
6
ɝɢ1+2+ ɟɫɥɢ
+2
ɤȾɠ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ'+
=Q62
ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟ
=Q62ɟɫɥɢɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨ
=Q262±ɤȾɠ
2 62±ɤȾɠ
62
=Q62
=Q262ɤȾɠ
ɧɢɸ
3E2
+ 3E2+2ɝ±ɤȾɠ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸɬɟɩɥɨɬɭɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ3E2
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣɷɮɮɟɤɬɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
$O
ɤ62ɝ $O62ɤ
2
ɟɫɥɢɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟɬɟɩɥɨɬɵɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ'+
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɬɟɩ
ɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɞɨ
ɨɤɫɢɞɚɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣɷɮɮɟɤɬɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
1D+ɤ+
2ɠ 1D2+ɪ+ɝ
ɩɨɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɬɟɩɥɨɬɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɟɫɥɢ
'+
±ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ'+
1D+ɤ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣɷɮɮɟɤɬɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
1D2+ɪ
3E62
±ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ
3E262
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯɬɟɩɥɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
Ɋɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɝɪɟɦɭɱɟɣɪɬɭɬɢɩɪɢɜɡɪɵɜɟɢɞɟɬɩɨɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ
+J21&
+J&21ɤȾɠ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɨɛɴɟɦɜɵɞɟɥɢɜɲɢɯɫɹɝɚɡɨɜɧ ɭɢɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɟɩɥɨɬɵɩɨ
ɝɥɨɬɢɜɲɟɣɫɹɩɪɢɜɡɪɵɜɟɤɝ+J21&
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɢɝɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɝɨɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɚɫɜɨɞɨɣɩɨɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ3
+2 +32ɟɫɥɢ
2
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɵɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɪɚɜɧɵ
2 32±ɤȾɠ
3
3+
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɢ
ɥ ɞɢɛɨɪɚɧɚ ɧ ɭ ɟɫɥɢ '+
2 +32±ɤȾɠ
%2
ɤɢ%+ɝɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɪɚɜ
ɧɵ ± ɢ ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɬɨɩ
ɥɢɜɚ ɞɢɛɨɪɚɧ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɷɬɚɧɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɚɧɚ
±ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ"
Ʉɚɤɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɟɩɥɨɬɵɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɤɝɤɪɚɫɧɨ
ɝɨɮɨɫɮɨɪɚɜɱɟɪɧɵɣɟɫɥɢ'+
ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨɧɭɠɧɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɢɬɶɬɟɩɥɨɬɵɱɬɨɛɵɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɬɶɝ1D
3ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ
±'+
±ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ"
3ɱɟɪɧɵɣ
&2
ɞɨɨɫɢɞɚɧɚɬɪɢɹɢɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚɟɫɥɢɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɵɪɟɚɤɰɢɣɪɚɜɧɵ
1D
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɝ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɫ ɫɟɪɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɥɨɫɶ ɤȾɠ Ɋɚɫ
6L2 1D6L2&2ɤȾɠ
&2
26L2 1D6L2±ɤȾɠ
1D
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɬɟɩɥɨɬɭɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚɠɟɥɟɡɚ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɸ'+
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ3+
,ɢɫ
ɯɨɞɹɢɡɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɝ2ɝ 32ɤ+2ɠ'+ ±ɤȾɠ
3+
ɂɫɯɨɞɹɢɡɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɤ &D32'+ ɤȾɠ
2
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ'+
ɂɫɯɨɞɹɢɡɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
&+
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ'+
ɉɪɢɩɨɥɧɨɦɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɠɢɞɤɨɣɜɨɞɵ ɜɵ
&D2ɤ3
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɪɬɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ
2+ɠ2ɝ &2ɝ+2ɠ'+ ±ɤȾɠ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɟɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨɫɩɢɪɬɚ
ɞɟɥɢɥɨɫɶ ɤȾɠ ɇɚɣɬɢɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɝɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɋɨɠɠɟɧɵɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ+
2ɝɪɚɜɧɵɟɨɛɴɟɦɵɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚɢɚɰɟ
ɬɢɥɟɧɚ ɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ȼ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ
ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ"ȼɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɪɚɡ"
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ'+
ɞɥɹɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯɜɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ
ɚ
ɛ
&
&
ɤ2 &2+2ɠ
+2
ɤ &2ɋɇɈɇɠ
+2
Ʉɚɤɚɹɢɡɷɬɢɯɪɟɚɤɰɢɣɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɭɛɨɥɶɲɟɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ"
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɸɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
0J
ɤ&2
ɝ 0J2ɤɋɝɪɚɮɢɬ
ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨɬɟɩɥɚɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɢɤɝɦɚɝɧɢɹɩɨɷɬɨɣɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ"
ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɩɪɟɞɟɥɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ
ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ±6ɬɚɤɠɟɤɚɤɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ8ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ+ɨɛɴɟɦ9
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɧɟɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɢ
ɫɬɟɦɵɈɧɚɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬɫɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɱɚɫɬɢɰ±ɩɪɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢɢɫɩɚ
ɪɟɧɢɢɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɢɝɚɡɨɜɩɪɢɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɢɢɥɢɪɚɡɪɵɜɟɫɜɹɡɟɣɦɟɠ
ɞɭɚɬɨɦɚɦɢɢɬɩɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɤɨɧɞɟɧ
ɫɚɰɢɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɬ ɩ ± ɜɟɞɭɬ ɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ
ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ
ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɬɟ ɟɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ '6
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɬɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ6
ɢɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ6ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɢɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɩɭɬɢɩɪɨ
)ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɰɟɫɫɚ
'6
ɯɪ
¦6
'6 6
ɩɪɨɞ
±¦6
±6
ɢɫɯ
!6ɬɨ'6!
ɟɫɥɢ6
6ɬɨ'6
ɟɫɥɢ6
ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹɜȾɠɦɨɥɶÂ.
6
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ
ɧɢɹɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɝ &+ɝ
ɟɫɥɢ
6
ɋɝɪɚɮɢɬ
6
+
6
&+
ȾɠɦɨɥɶÂɄ
ȾɠɦɨɥɶÂɄ
ȾɠɦɨɥɶÂɄ"
&ɝɪɚɮɢɬ+
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ'6ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɪɚɜɧɨ
'6
¦6
ɩɪɨɞɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
±¦6
ɢɫɯɨɞɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɞɚɧɧɵɟɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
'6
6
&+
±
6
6
±
ɋɝɪɚɮɢɬ
+
±Â±Â
±ȾɠɦɨɥɶÂɄ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɬɶɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɬɚɤɤɚɤ'6
.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢɩɪɢɮɚɡɨɜɵɯɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɯɍɞɟɥɶ
ɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ Ⱦɠɤɝ Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ
ιɋɇɚɣɞɢɬɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢɩɪɢɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɝɫɜɢɧɰɚ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢɩɪɢɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɡɨɞɧɨɝɨɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨ
ɹɧɢɹɜɞɪɭɝɨɟɪɚɜɧɨ'6 '+7ɝɞɟɇ
ɳɟɧɢɹɌ
±ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
–ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɨɝɨɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɟɜɪɚ
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɜɟɳɟ
ɫɬɜɚɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɜɲɟɝɨɮɚɡɨɜɨɟɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ
ɌɟɩɥɨɬɚɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɝɫɜɢɧɰɚÂ Ⱦɠ
Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ .
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɝ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ '6
ȾɠɄ
Ⱦɜɢɠɭɳɚɹɫɢɥɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸ
'
ɳɢɯɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɤɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɢɸ±'+ɢɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɤɛɟɫɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ'6ɉɪɢ
S FRQVWɢ7 FRQVWɨɛɳɭɸɞɜɢɠɭɳɭɸɫɢɥɭɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ'*ɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɣɬɢɢɡɫɨ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ
.
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
* ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɚɪɧɨ- ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢ-
ɚɥɨɦ, ɢɥɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ Ƚɢɛɛɫɚ
ɟɬɫɹɜɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ
'* '+±7'6
'*
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɤɦɨɥɶɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɜɵɪɚɠɚ
ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹȽɢɛɛɫɚɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɩɪɟɞɟɥ
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɢ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɗɧɟɪɝɢɹȽɢɛɛɫɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ
*
'
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ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
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ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɋɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢɞɭɬ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ
'* ȿɫɥɢ '*
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɦ ɟɫɥɢ '* ! ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɟɦɨɠɟɬ ɑɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ '* ɬɟɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟ
ɧɢɟɤɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɸɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɢɬɟɦɞɚɥɶɲɟɨɧɨɬɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ
ɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ'*
=
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢȽɢɛɛɫɚȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɥɢɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ
ɤ1D2+ɪ 1D6L2ɤ+2ɠ
6L2
ɟɫɥɢ'*
'*
±ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ'*
6L2ɤ
±ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ'*
1D2+ɪ
1D6L2ɤ
+2ɠ
±ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ
±ɤȾɠɦɨɥɶ"
Ɇɨɠɧɨɥɢɜɵɩɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɳɟɥɨɱɶɜɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɨɦɫɨɫɭɞɟ"
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɷɧɟɪɝɢɢȽɢɛɛɫɚ'*
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ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɪɚɜɧɨ
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ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɞɚɧɧɵɟɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
*
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ɚɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɞɚɧɧɚɹɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɓɟɥɨɱɶɧɟɥɶɡɹɜɵɩɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɜɫɬɟɤ
ɥɹɧɧɨɦɫɨɫɭɞɟɬɚɤɤɚɤɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɫɬɟɤɥɚɜɯɨɞɢɬ6L2
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