Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Унификация оценочных признаков при квалификации преступлений против личности. Монография

.pdf
Скачиваний:
1
Добавлен:
08.09.2026
Размер:
2 Мб
Скачать
☆
nmvwvsy·ntqnwéjktjqswsvjl q zw qsq qoijksntq¹vzujzn
éqjst}ojzéjzkvokéjzjquynxzkjlvsmj vwsjzyxsymkwvstn
tq¹quynxzkntt}vi¹ojznsxzkywsjzjsquntzvkqléª

Çvéxztpuvzqk wéqrkjsq{qrj|qqln¹tq¹y·qzkjnzx¹nxsq
vt kvotqr lv yiqpxzkj j tn wvxsn tnmv wéq ëzvu yxzjtvksntq¹
{jrzj{jrzq·nxrvmvqoksn·ntq¹ujznéqjstvpkmvltnzéniynzx¹
Ìltjrvtnxsnlynzvzvlnxzks¹zrvéxztnwviylntq¹rjruvzqk
yiqpxzkjxrvéxzvsíiqnujltvxzírjr xkvpxzkjuqsq·tvxzqÆ
ëzvpxk¹oqyiqpxzkvrénlqzvévutnqxwéjkquvmvlvstqrjtnuvnz
izrkjsq{q|qévkjtvwvwytrzy©ª·xzÏÇèÐwvxrvs
rykénoyszjznwéq·qtntq¹xunézqlvstqrykqtvktptnwéqvi
énzjnzquynxzkvqtnqoijks¹nzx¹vzujznéqjst}ojzéjzj vxtv
kyxvkné¡ntq¹zjrvmvkqljwénxzywsntqpxvxzjks¹íztnrvéxztn
uvzqkjunxzÒjrntnéjx|ntqkjízx¹rjrrvéxztnyiqpxzkj
xvkné¡jnun x |nsí ylnéjtq¹ qsq xv}éjtntq¹quynxzkj wéq
tjlsnjk¡nmvkqtvktvuytjwéqunéyiqpxzkvwévtqr¡nmvkrkjé
zqéyunsrvmvkvéq¡rqqsqvzxyzxzkq¹xvxzv¹tq¹tnvi}vlquvp viv
évt}vz¹tnv·ntwvt¹ztv rjrquviéjovuwéqwévtqrtvkntqqk
rkjézqéy kvéj uvtv k¹xtqz q v|ntqz ©éjounéª nmv réquq
tjst}tjunéntqp
Ïiqpxzkjwvtjpuyzjrtjokjnun©ojrjotnªwvsy·qk¡qnkwv
xsnltqn mvl ¡qévrvn éjxwévxzéjtntqn rjr tjqivsnn nxzvrqp réq
uqtjstp xwvxvi én¡ntq¹ vémjtqoj|qvttv{qtjtxvk} wévisnu
unly réywtuq iqotnxuntjuq k vxtvktvu zjrn xvkné¡jízx¹ wv
rvéxztuuvzqkjuèjtnnvtqljnqéjxxujzéqkjsqxsq¡rjr·j
xztpxsy·jp rvéxztvmv yiqpxzkjÆlnsntqn yiqpxzkj ëzvp rjznmv
éqq k vzlnstp wvlkql viyxsvksntv énorqu yknsq·ntqnu ·qxsj wv
lvitvmvévljln¹tqpqkxvrvpxznwntíq}wév{nxxqvtjsqoj|qq
bnpxzkqznstv yiqpxzkv wv tjpuy wénlxzjks¹nz rjr wéjkqsv
éjotvkqltvxzyiqpxzkjqorvéxzqwvxrvsryxvkné¡jnzx¹xwn|qjs
tvwéqmsj¡jnuu sq|vu ©tjt¹zuª znurzvnsjnz ©yiéjzª wvzné
wnk¡nmvoj vwénlnsnttyíwsjzyfvmsjxtvéjo~¹xtntqí kwvxzjtvksn
tqq Ísntyuj Æné}vktvmv xylj èÐ vz  m ©rjr yiqpxzkv wv
tjpuytjlsnqzrkjsq{q|qévkjzyiqpxzkvviyxsvksnttvnwvsy·ntq
nuqxwvstqznsnuujznéqjstvmvqsqqtvmvkvotjméjlntq¹ª
Ìltjrv wv ljttu qxxsnlvkjznsnp k wxq}vsvmqq ojrjot}
yiqpxzk rvéxztn wviylntq¹ tn kxnmlj quníz vwénlns¹íqp
}jéjrzné
Ævzlnst}xsy·j¹}zjrqnyiqpxzkjuvmyzxvkné¡jzx¹q

Ívxzjtvksntq¹Ísntyuvk Æné}vkt} fylvk wvymvsvktulnsju ²Î
²f
futjwéquné Ïmvsvktp rvlnrxèvxxqpxrvpÐnlnéj|qqÍvxzjznptp rv u
untzjéqpÌzkénlËÐÇyotn|vkjÎÎqtrvkxrqp²f

ino véqntzj|qq tj wvsy·ntqn ujznéqjstvp kmvl tjwéquné
xsyjqp ·jxztvp v}éjttvp xzéyrzyé kwvst¹nz ©wéqrjoª ¡n{j
viyxzéjtntqqtnxmvkvé·qkvmv rvtryéntzj tnwvsy·j¹ojëzvujzn
éqjstvmv kvotjméjlntq¹ j éyrvkvlxzky¹x zvsrv xkvnviéjotu
wvtqujtqnu©xsynitvmvlvsmjªqsqrvéwvéjzqktuqqtznénxjuq
Ív utntqí vltq} jkzvévk nxsq sq|v xvkné¡qsv yiqpxzkv yrj
ojttvmvnuy·nsvknrjéyrvkvlxzky¹xqtuqwviylntq¹uqtnwén
lyxuvzénttuqk·xzÏÇèÐzvvtvlvstvtnxzqtjrjojtqn
ojzjrtjokjnuvn ©wévxzvnªyiqpxzkvwv·xzÏÇèÐ
béymqn
nqxxsnlvkjznsqwénlsjmjízéjxxujzéqkjz ©ojrjotvnª yiqpxzkv ino
vwsjz ëzvp ©yxsymqª rjr yiqpxzkv wv tjpuy
 Òjrj¹ wvoq|q¹ tju
wénlxzjks¹nzx¹ivsnnjlnrkjztvpxqzyj|qqÆunxznxznu¹ktvntjsq
·qnrvéxzt}uvzqkvkwéqyiqpxzknwvtjpuyojzéylt¹nzrkjsq{q
rj|qíëzvp éjotvkqltvxzq wénxzywsntqp Ëjwéqunéfylnitj¹ rvs
snmq¹ wv ymvsvktu lnsju Æné}vktvmv fylj èÐ éjxxujzéqkj¹ lnsv
wvrjxxj|qvttvpjsvinvxylntt}ïqérvkjÈyrénnkjqÒnznék
xkvnu vwénlnsntqq vzunzqsj·zv yiqpxzkv wv tjpuy xylvu tnvivx
tvkjttv lvwvstqznstv rkjsq{q|qévkjtv rjr yiqpxzkv qo rvéxz
t} wviylntqp Çjr xsnlynz qo wvrjojtqp Èyrénnkj m
wvxsnéjxwqzq¹xwqézt}tjwqzrvkkrkjézqénmlnwévqkjsqÍqry
snkqïqérvkwvwénlsvntqíïqérvkjÈyrénnkqÒnznéjwvlv¡sqr
rvutjzn wvznéwnk¡nmv Èyrénnk kiqs ojrézyí lkné q kvpl¹ k
rvutjzy tnxrvsrv éjo yljéqs rysjrvu snjnmv Íqrysnkj q wéq
jsnmv mvsvkyrwvly¡rnÒnznéjkëzvkénu¹tjtnxyljétvvuj
ïqérvk lnéjs wvznéwnk¡nmvoj tvmyÒnznéj wvrjojs·zv yotjk vz
ÈyrénnkjvwénlsvntqqïqérvkjyiqzÍqrysnkjojzx¹·lvssj
évkf¬vtxvmsjxqsx¹tjëzvÌivixzv¹znsxzkj}yiqpxzkjvtljs
zjrqnnxknlntq¹rjrqÈyrénnk
fyl rkjsq{q|qévkjs lnpxzkq¹ Èyrénnkj q Ònzné wv w ©oª
·xzÏÇ èÐ rjr yiqpxzkv qo rvéxzt} wviylntqp q wv
tjpuy Çjxxj|qvttj¹ qtxzjt|q¹ vzunzqsj ·zv yiqpxzkv wv tjpuy
wéquntqznstv r vixzv¹znsxzkju ljttvmv lnsj ¹ks¹nzx¹ wv xyn
xzkyyiqpxzkvu qorvéxzt}wviylntqpkxk¹oqx·nurkjsq{q
rj|q¹xvln¹ttvmvÈyrénnkuqÒnznévprjryiqpxzkjqorvéxzt}
wviylntqpqosq¡t¹¹qwvlsnqzqxrsí·ntqíqowéqmvkvéj

Òjrquviéjovu kvotqrjnz síivwztj¹ ymvsvktvwéjkvkj¹rvs
sqoq¹wvxrvsry yiqpxzkv wvtjpuy ¹ks¹nzx¹ yiqpxzkvuqo rvé

 fu tjwéquné èvxxqpxrvn ymvsvktvn wéjkv Ìxvinttj¹ ·jxz Ìzk énl
ÎÍyéjksnkfÊËqrysqt²f
 fu tjwéquné Çvuuntzjéqp r Ïmvsvktvuy rvlnrxy èvxxqpxrvp Ðnl néj|qq
ÌzkénlìÊfryéjzvkÆÎÉninlnk²f
fuÈíssnzntÆné}vktvmv fyljèvxxqpxrvpÐnlnéj|qq ð ²f²


xzt} wviylntqp zv zjrvn yiqpxzkv qo rvéxzt} wviylntqp
lvstviz rkjsq{q|qévkjtvrjryiqpxzkv«wvtjpuy"Çxv
jsntqí y tjx tnz xknlntqp v zvu rjr isq rkjsq{q|qévkjt
lnpxzkq¹ïqérvkj rvzvép ¹ks¹sx¹vltvkénunttv q ojrjo·qrvu q
xvqxwvstqznsnu yiqpxzkj wv tjpuy ² z n tjt¹s xju xni¹ ls¹
yiqpxzkjÍqrysnkjËnqoknxztqwéq·qtwvrvzvéuvinxylni
t}qtxzjt|qqwv·nuyzvtnxv·sqtytu©yxuvzénzªklnpxzkq
¹} méyww sq|vxynxzkqk¡q}yiqpxzkvwvwénlkjéqznstvuy xmv
kvéy vxtvkjtqp ls¹ wéquntntq¹ wéq rkjsq{qrj|qq ljttvmv wén
xzywsntq¹w©ª·xzÏÇèÐ
Íéqknlnttp wéquné ² tjms¹ltvn xkqlnznsxzkv xsjivp rvt
rénzqoj|qq q tnlvxzjzv·tvp {véujsqoj|qq é¹lj wvt¹zqp q wéq
otjrvk v|ntv·tvmv }jéjrznéj xk¹ojtt} x ymvsvktvwéjkvkvp
v|ntrvpyiqpxzkjwvtjpuyxvkné¡nttvmvméywwvpsq|wvwénlkj
éqznstvuyxmvkvéy
Ënvi}vlquv vzunzqz ·zv oj xvkné¡ntqn yiqpxzkj x vz¹m·jí
quq vixzv¹znsxzkjuq wénlyxujzéqkjnzx¹ xyévkvn tjrjojtqn ²
sq¡ntqn xkvivl vz kvxuq lv lkjl|jzq snz sqiv xunéztj¹ rjot
qsqwvqotnttvnsq¡ntqn xkvivl ·xzÏÇ èÐ Íéq rkj
sq{q|qéyíq} wéqotjrj} wénlyxuvzéntt} lkyu¹ q ivsnn wytr
zjuq·xzÏÇèÐtjrjojtqntnlvstvtjotj·jzx¹wvrj
lvuy wytrzy k vzlnstvxzq q znu ivsnn xyuuqévkjzx¹ Ìltjrv
wéq nmv tjotj·ntqq y·qzkjnzx¹ tjsq·qn tnxrvsrq} rkjsq{q|q
éyíq} vz¹m·jíq} tjrjojtqn wéqotjrvk êzv zéniynz vxvinttv
zjznstvmv wvl}vlj r éjxxuvzéntqí vixzv¹znsxzk lnsj Íéq tj
otj·ntqqtjrjojtq¹ojrkjsq{q|qévkjttvn yiqpxzkv xyl vi¹ojt
y·qzkjzxvkvrywtvxzkxn}qxu¹m·jíq}qvz¹m·jíq}vzknzxz
knttvxz vixzv¹znsxzk wéq rvzvé} vtv xvkné¡ntv kql yuxsj
uvzqkq|ns xwvxvi vixzjtvkry qxzjlqíxvkné¡ntq¹ wénxzyw
sntq¹z¹nxztjxzywqk¡q}wvxsnlxzkqpsq·tvxzkqtvktvmvÇjr
wéjkqsv zjrvkn kéjnt k wvt¹zq¹} q wéqotjrj} v|ntv·tvmv
}jéjrznéj·zvvzrékjnz¡qévrqpwévxzvéls¹xylnitvmvyxuvzén
tq¹wvktyzénttnuyyinlntqíwéjkvwéquntqzns¹
Ì|ntv·tn réqznéqq qxwvsoynun wéq ymvsvktvwéjkvkvp
rkjsq{qrj|qqyiqpxzkjxvkné¡nttvmvkxvxzv¹tqqj{{nrzjwénl
xzjksntk ljttvu xvxzjknwénxzywsntq¹ wévzqk qotqxzÏÇ
èÐ|nsuiyrnzvu dlnx wéqkvl¹zx¹qywvzénis¹ízx¹v|ntv·tn
wvt¹zq¹ q wéqotjrq xk¹ojttn xwéq·qtntqnu tnzvsrv xunézq
tv q kénlj olvévkí Ïiqpxzkv wévqov¡nl¡nn wvl kvolnpxzkqnu
xqstvmv ly¡nktvmv kvstntq¹ j{{nrzj xwévkv|qévkjttvmv wév
zqkvwéjktuqsq juvéjstu wvknlntqnu wvznéwnk¡nmv zéjlq|q
vttvvztvxqzx¹ r wéqkqsnmqévkjttvp untnn vwjxtvpéjotvkqltv
xzqyu¡snttvmvwéq·qtntq¹xunézq

èjosq·jízlkj kqljj{{nrzj²{qoqvsvmq·nxrqp qwjzvsvmq·n
xrqpÐqoqvsvmq·nxrqp¹évxzmtnkxzéj}}vz¹qvisjljnzxqsvp
kvolnpxzkq¹ tj wxq}qry tn sq¡jnz ·nsvknrj kvouvtvxzq xvotj
kjzxkvnwvknlntqnÆ vzsq·qn vz wjzvsvmq·nxrvmv j{{nrzj xqs
tvn ly¡nktvn kvstntqn rjr vixzv¹znsxzkv quwysx xvkné¡ntq¹
yiqpxzkjtnqxrsí·jnzj sq¡ visnm·jnz vzknzxzknttvxz Ëjrjoj
tqnoj xvkné¡nttvn k ëzvuxvxzv¹tqq yiqpxzkv wénlyxujzéqkjnzx¹
knxuju¹mrvn²k kqlnvméjtq·ntq¹qsqsq¡ntq¹xkvivltjxévr
lvzén}snz·xzÏÇèÐjkxsy·jn yiqpxzkj lky} qsq ivsnn
sq| ²  tj xévr lv w¹zq snz sq¡ntq¹ xkvivl ·xzÏÇ èÐ
Çkjsq{qrj|q¹ljttvmv kqlj yiqpxzkj vxynxzks¹nzx¹rjryn vz
un·jsvxxqxwvsovkjtqnu ivs¡vmv rvsq·nxzkj v|ntv·t} rjzn
mvéqp²zjrq}rjr©j{{nrzª©tjxqsqnª©qolnkjznsxzkvª©z¹rvn
vxrvéisntqnª©juvéjstnlnpxzkq¹ª ©wxq}vzéjkuqéyíj¹ xqzyj
|q¹ª©wévzqkvwéjktvnwvknlntqnª©juvéjstvnwvknlntqnªqlé
¬{{nrz nxz vxvivn wxq}q·nxrvn xvxzv¹tqn ·nsvknrj rvzvévn
}jéjrznéqoynzx¹réjzrvkénunttvxzíqiyétuéjokqzqnuxqstu
qmsyivrquëuv|qvtjstuwnénqkjtqnu ¹érquktn¡tquwév¹k
sntqnuxyntqnuxvotjtq¹ qxtqntqnurvtzévs¹ojxkvquq lnp
xzkq¹uq Òjrvn tnwjzvsvmq·nxrvn xvxzv¹tqn tn x·qzjnzx¹ ivsno
tnttuéjxxzévpxzkvuwxq}qrqqtnéjxxujzéqkjnzx¹rjr unlq|qt
xrqpwvrjojznstnkunt¹nuvxzq
Ðqoqvsvmq·nxrqpj{{nrzvltjrvkkvlqzwxq}qry·nsvknrjqo
vi·tvmv xvxzv¹tq¹ zvéuvoqz xvotjznstyí qtznssnrzyjstyí
ln¹znstvxzktnrvzvévpxznwntqtjéy¡jnzqoiqéjznstpuvuntz
kuvzqkj|qqwvknlntq¹ojzéylt¹nzréqzq·nxryív|ntryqtlqkqlvu
xkvq} wvxzywrvk sq¡jnz nmv kvouvtvxzq ·nzrv q kxnxzvévttn
koknxqzwvxsnlxzkq¹xkvnmvwvknlntq¹
Òjrqu viéjovu j{{nrz ² ëzv ëuv|qvtjstvn wnénqkjtqn
wévznrjínn x ivs¡vp q énorv kéjnttvp qtzntxqktvxzí
Ìxvinttvxzq j{{nrzj j iyétvn ktn¡tnn wév¹ksntqn i réjzrv
kénunttvxzkinovz·nztvxzwvknlntq¹·nsvknrjkvkénu¹j{{nr
zjllq{{yotvxzwnénqkjtq¹j{{nrzoj}kjzkjnzsq·tvxz|n
sqrvunnyu·ykxzkjqkvsí

Êunttv wvëzvuy ls¹ wéquntntq¹ xzÏÇ èÐ tnlvxzjzv·tv
xxsrqtjwévkv|qéyíqp}jéjrznéwvknlntq¹ nézkolnxtnvi
}vlquv yxzjtvkqz ·zv kqtvktp lnpxzkqznstv tj}vlqsx¹ k xv
xzv¹tqqj{{nrzjÎtvmqnv¡qirqwéjkvwéquntqznstvpwéjrzqrq
wvljttvprjznmvéqqlnsxk¹ojtx znu·zvxsnlxzknttnvémjtq
xyltn ylns¹íz lvstvmv ktqujtq¹v|ntrn wxq}vsvmq·nxrvmv xv

 fu ïy{jtvkxrqpìÆìéqlq·nxrj¹ wxq}vsvmq¹ Ævwévx q vzknz  ² Î
²f

xzv¹tq¹kqtvktvmvqtnuvzqkqéyízxkvpkkvlvtjsq·qqj{{nr
zj wvxrvsry vi·tv wéqtqujíz én¡ntq¹ wv v·nkqltu q rvt
rénztvwév¹kqk¡qux¹vixzv¹znsxzkjulnsj
Íéqëzvu wénlwvsjmjnzx¹ ·zv {qoqvsvmq·nxrqpj{{nrzwév¹k
s¹nzx¹ tnunlsnttv rjr umtvknttj¹ vzknztj¹ énjr|q¹tj wévzqkv
wéjktvnqsqjuvéjstvnwvknlntqnwvznéwnk¡nmvunlyrvzvéuq
kivs¡qtxzknxsy·jnktnlvstvizéjoékjkvkénuntqÌltj
rv kvotqrtvkntqn j{{nrzj kvouvtv q tn xéjoy wvxsn wévzqkv
wéjkt} lnpxzkqp wvznéwnk¡nmv j xwyxz¹ vwénlnsnttvn kénu¹ ²
rjr éjoén¡ntqn ©lsqznstvp wxq}vzéjkuqéyínp xqzyj|qp tj
wéquné rvmlj ·nsvknr ktnojwtv kxzén·jnz tj ysq|n sq|v éjtnn
tjléymjk¡nnx¹tjlnmvénintrvu
Íévkv|qéyínnwvknlntqn kokjk¡nnxvxzv¹tqn{qoqvsvmq·n
xrvmv j{{nrzj y kqtvktvmv rjr wéjkqsv kéjjnzx¹ k {véuj}
y·qt¹nuvmvtjltquxvxzvévt wvznéwnk¡nmvtjxqsq¹qolnkjzns
xzkj z¹rvmv vxrvéisntq¹ q qt} tvx¹q} qtvmlj xqxznujzq·n
xrqp}jéjrznéwévzqkvwéjkt}sqivjuvéjst}lnpxzkqpinolnp
xzkq¹
Òjr xvxzv¹tqn j{{nrzj uvnz kvotqrtyz wvl kvolnpxzkqnu
kéjnttvmvxsvknxtvwqxunttvqsqléymquxwvxvivutjunéntq¹
tnunlsnttvmvwéquntntq¹ r xyi~nrzy éjxxujzéqkjnuvmv wénxzywsn
tq¹tjxqsq¹tjwéquné ojwymqkjtqn yiqpxzkvuwéq·qtntqnukén
ljolvévkíytq·zvntqnuquynxzkjvmsj¡ntqnuwvév·jq}nmv
xknlntqpqzw
Íxq}vsvmq·nxrqu quwysxvu r xvkné¡ntqí yiqpxzkj k xv
xzv¹tqq j{{nrzj uvnz ¹kqzx¹ q vxrvéisntqn ·nsvknrj k zvu
·qxsn q z¹rvn rjr wéqotjr xvxzjkj wénxzywsntq¹ rkjsq{q|q
éynuvmvwv ·xzÏÇèÐÌxrvéisntqn viéjoynz qxjuvxzv¹
znstp xvxzjk wénxzywsntq¹ vzknzxzknttvxz oj rvzvévn wénly
xuvzéntjxzÏÇèÐÍvl z¹rqu vxrvéisntqnu rvzvévn uv
nz kokjz xvxzv¹tqn j{{nrzj wvtqujnzx¹ méyivn |qtq·tvn
msyivrvn ytqntqn ·nxzq q lvxzvqtxzkj sq·tvxzq kéjnttvn k
tnwéqsq·tvp{véunÍéqv|ntrnz¹nxzq vxrvéisntq¹ tnvi}vlq
uv éyrvkvlxzkvkjzx¹ vinwéqt¹zuq tvéujuq uvéjsq tv wéq
ëzvu xsnlynz y·qzkjz q qtlqkqlyjstn vxvinttvxzq sq·tvxzq
xjuvmv kqtvktvmv ivsnotnttvn {qoq·nxrvn q ly¡nktvn xvxzv¹
tqninénunttvxzqzw
Êolnkjznsxzkv wénlxzjks¹nz xvivp osyí tjxun¡ry msyusntqn
tjlsq·tvxzíÆvzsq·qnvzz¹rvmvvxrvéisntq¹ rvzvévn kxnmlj
kéjjnzx¹ktnwéqsq·tvp{véunqolnkjznsxzkv uvnzvxynxzk
s¹zx¹ k wéqxzvptvu kqln }vz¹ wv xkvnuy xvlnéjtqí ¹ks¹nzx¹
xzvs n |qtq·tuq vxrvéiqznstu msyivrv éjt¹qu wxq}qry
·nsvknrjÒjrvk tjwéqunétjxun¡rqtjl{qoq·nxrquqtnlvxzjz

rjuq·nsvknrjqsq léymvp nmv ynéitvxzí Êolnkjznsxzkvuvnz
iz éjxz¹tyzu kv kénuntq kéjj¹x k tjxqsxzkntt} sqiv
vxrvéiqznst} lnpxzkq¹} vzsq·jíq}x¹ vxviu |qtqouvu qsq
otj·qznstvpwévlvsqznstvxzí
Ívl qtuq wévzqkvwéjktuq lnpxzkq¹uq inolnpxzkqnu wv
znéwnk¡nmv olnx xsnlynz wvtqujz zjrqn wvknlnt·nxrqn jrz rv
zvén }vz¹ q tn ¹ks¹ízx¹ tjxqsqnu qolnkjznsxzkvu qsq vxrvéi
sntqnutv kunxznxznu}jéjrznéqoyízx¹méyiutjéy¡ntqnuwéjk
qojrvtt}qtznénxvkléymq}sq|êzvuvnziz¡jtzjrsnknzj
wvkénlntqn qsq ytq·zvntqn quynxzkj osvywvzénisntqn lvs
tvxztuq wvstvuv·q¹uq wénk¡ntqn lvstvxzt} wvstvuv·qp
tnkvokéjntqn réywtvp xyuu lvsmj méyivn xjuvywéjkxzkv tjnol
tjénintrjjkzvuviqsnutjmsjoj}yévlqznsnpwénljznsxzkvisqo
rvmvléymjqzw
¬uvéjstnlnpxzkq¹inolnpxzkqnwvznéwnk¡nmvwéqxvkné¡n
tqq ln¹tq¹ wénlyxuvzénttvmv xzÏÇ èÐ kokjíqn xv
xzv¹tqn j{{nrzj y kqtvktvmv uvmyz iz wvxzywrq wévzqkvén·j
qn tvéuju uvéjsq Çjr q wvlvitn wévzqkvwéjktn lnpxzkq¹
vtq ikjíz wévlvsqznstuq viyxsvksqkjíquq kvotqrtvkn
tqnlsqznstvpwxq}vzéjkuqéyínpxqzyj|qp
Æ ·jxztvxzq wév¹ksntqn {qoqvsvmq·nxrvmv j{{nrzj kvouvtv
wvlksq¹tqnuéjtnnvitjéyqk¡npx¹xywéynxrvptnknét vxzqÌl
tjrvkljttvuxsy·jnutntq¹xwn|qjsqxzvkéjov¡sqxvltqinov
mvkvév·tv yzknéljíz ·zv k yxsvkq¹} xkvivl iéj·tvmv xvíoj
lvwyxzquvxzq éjokvlj kvouvtvxzq wvkzvétvmv kxzywsntq¹ kiéjr
q xvkénunttvmv xvxzv¹tq¹ wvsvkvp uvéjsq xywéynxryí qounty
tqrjr tnso¹ vztvxqz r z¹rvuy vxrvéisntqí qsq juvéjstvuy
wvknlntqí béymqn n tjwévzqk vwéjklkjíz ojkqxquvxzí vz
rvtrénzt} vixzv¹znsxzk síiyí kxw¡ry énktvxzq ksqk¡yíx¹
kwvx¹mjznsxzkvtjqotwvznéwnk¡nmvsq|j Î éjolns¹nu utn
tqnjkzvévkwvsjmjíq} ·zv qxzqtj rjr kxnmljtj}vlqzx¹wvxn
énlqtn rjr vltvéjovkj¹ lnuvtxzéjzqktj¹ |qtq·tj¹ qountjwvsv
kvuywjéztnéy xvwévkvljíj¹x¹ytqjíquqnmv·nxzql vxzv
qtxzkv kxrjokjtq¹uq uvnz kokjz xvxzv¹tqn {qoqvsvmq·n
xrvmv j{{nrzj zjr q énmys¹étj¹ q xqxznujzq·nxrj¹ xywéynxrj¹
wvsvkj¹tnknétvxzuvnzviyxsvkqzkvotqrtvkntqnlsqznstvp
wxq}vzéjkuqéyínpxqzyj|qqtnénlrvksnrynp r xvxzv¹tqí j{
{nrzj

Ìxvinttv }jéjrznét wxq}vzéjkuqéyíqn xqzyj|qq ls¹
yiqpxzkxvkné¡ntt} tj xnunptvizvkvpwv·kn Òqwq·tp wéq

 fu tjwéquné èvxxqpxrvn ymvsvktvn wéjkv Ìxvinttj¹ ·jxz Ìzk énl
ÎÍyéjksnkfÊËqrysqt²f

unéuy²w¹tq|jqkxnuntjëzvpwv·knwvxzv¹ttnxrjtljs
léjrq lniv¡q vxrvéisntq¹ ojkné¡jíqnx¹ yiqpxzkvu tj}vl¹
quqx¹kxvxzv¹tqqj{{nrzjvz·j¹k¡quqx¹lvuv·jl|juq
Ìi·tvxvxzv¹tqnj{{nrzjkvotqrjnzy·nsvknrjrvmljtjxqsqn
qsq qtn wévzqkvwéjktn lnpxzkq¹ tjwéjksnt wévzqk tnmv qsq
nmvisqorq} fznwnt n ©isqovxzqª qsqévlxzkjtn rvtrénzqoqév
kjt tq k ojrvtn tq k wvlojrvtt} jrzj} tq k wéjkvwéquntq
znstvp wéjrzqrn Çévun zvmv tn qxrsí·jnzx¹ q kvouvtvxz zj
rvpénjr|qqtjjtjsvmq·tnlnpxzkq¹kvztv¡ntqqléymq}sq|tn
xvxzv¹q}kévlxzknqsqisqovxzqxkqtvktukxvkné¡ntqqyiqp
xzkjkxvxzv¹tqqj{{nrzj
Ëjlv zjrn qunz k kqly ·zv yiqpxzkv k xvxzv¹tqq j{{nrzj
uvnz iz xvkné¡ntvq x wé¹uu q x rvxknttu yuxsvufv
msjxtv ·xzÏÇ èÐ yuxns lvsnt iz ktnojwtv kvotqr
¡quêzvkwév·nutnqxrsí·jnzktnrvzvé}xsy·j¹}tjsq·q¹tn
wéq¹otntt} kéjlnit} vztv¡ntqp unly kqtvktu q wvzné
wnk¡qu xsvqk¡q}x¹ q vztvx¹q}x¹ r ivsnn éjttnuy kénuntq
kjtv ·zvi yuxns yiqpxzkj kvotqr ktnojwtv k xvxzv¹tqq j{
{nrzjxwévkv|qévkjttvmvrvtrénztuqwévzqkvwéjktuqsqjuv
éjstuwvknlntqnuwvznéwnk¡nmv
ïjxz xzÏÇ èÐ wénlyxujzéqkjnz rkjsq{q|qévkjttp
xvxzjk ljttvmv wénxzywsntq¹ ² yiqpxzkv lky} qsq ivsnn sq| xv
kné¡nttvnkxvxzv¹tqqj{{nrzjêzvvotj·jnz·zvkqtvktplnp
xzky¹ x wé¹uu qsq rvxknttu yuxsvu vltvkénunttv wvx¹mjnz
tj qot tnxrvsrq} sq| tnwvxénlxzknttv wéq·jxzt} r  kvotqr
tvkntqí y tnmv xqstvmv ly¡nktvmv kvstntq¹ q q} yiqkjnz Ëj
wéqunéÇwéql¹wvoltvkn·névulvuvpqykqlnkxkvíntyqï
snjquqk révkjzq q ljn tnojljkqu tqrjrq} kvwévxvk ko¹s
qxrsí·qznstvylj·tvkvkénu¹qrunxzytj}vlqk¡nnx¹kxjéjnk
xviéjttvukqln " ojé¹nttvn" éyn wvzénivkjs vzï kpzq
qoxwjstqqwévqoknsktnmvkxzénsrvzvéuzvzisyiqz djznu
vtkxzénsqskntyyinmjk¡yíqolvujtvwévuj}tysx¹Ëjléy
mvplntÇrvzvépkuvuntzwvx¹mjznsxzkjwv xsvkjunmvnt
©isisnltpknxzé¹xx¹ª¹kqsx¹xwvkqttvpkuqsq|qí

béymq} rkjsq{q|qéyíq} vixzv¹znsxzk k ·xzÏÇ èÐ
tn wéqkvlqzx¹ Ívëzvuyxv}éjt¹nzxqsyéjo~¹xtntqnÍsntyuj Æné
}vktvmvfyljèÐvzmvzvu·zvyiqpxzkvxvkné¡nttvn
kxvxzv¹tqqxqstvmvly¡nktvmv kvstntq¹ tn lvstvrkjsq{q|q
évkjzx¹rjrxvkné¡nttvnwéqvz¹m·jíq}vixzv¹znsxzkj}fyln
vi·tvxjuvxzv¹znstv wéq·nu·nénolvxzjzv·tv wévlvsqznstvn

fu èvxxqpxrvn ymvsvktvn wéjkvÌxvinttj¹·jxz Ìzk énlÎÍyéjksnk
fÊËqrysqt²f²

kénu¹ v|ntqkjnz ly¡nktvn xvxzv¹tqn kqtvktvmv wv vixzv¹znsxz
kjulnsjqlnsjnzkkvlvzvu·zvkuvuntzxvkné¡ntq¹ wénxzyw
sntq¹zvz tj}vlqsx¹kxvxzv¹tqqj{{nrzj tjwéqunénxsqnlqtxz
knttp q ¹ktv ojqtznénxvkjttp xkqlnzns yiqpxzkj ² rjr n
tjÇ²xvviqz·zvkqtvktp©isisnltpqknxzé¹xx¹ª
Ëj tj¡ koms¹livs¡vnrvsq·nxzkvxylnit}v¡qivr wéqrkj
sq{qrj|qqqtjotj·ntqqtjrjojtq¹oj ëzy éjotvkqltvxz yiqpxzkj
xnmvlt¹viyxsvksqkjíz tnzvsrvtjsq·qnzéyltvwévkné¹nu}qtn
kvxwévqokvlqu}{jrzvkvixzv¹znsxzkln¹tq¹xsvtvxzwvsy·n
tq¹ rvuwsnrxtvp ërxwnéztvp xylnitvwxq}vsvmq·nxrvp }jéjrznéq
xzqrqsq|jtnwvxénlxzknttvwvxsnxvkné¡nttvmvqu yiqpxzkj fy
nxzknttvnojzéyltntqnolnx kokjnz ¹érv kéjnttj¹ tnvwénln
snttvxz k xvvzknzxzkyínp wénlunztvwvt¹zqptvp ijon éjx¡q
é¹íj¹kvouvtvxzqxyi~nrzqktvmvyxuvzéntq¹wéjkvwéquntqzns¹
Ætnrvzvé}xsy·j¹}xyltnojzéylt¹íz xni¹ zjznstu k
¹xtntqnu wxq}vsvmq·nxrq} vixzv¹znsxzk xwvxvixzkvkjk¡q} xv
kné¡ntqí wénxzywsntq¹ Òjr wv lnsy vxylnttvmv wv
·xzÏÇèÐojyiqpxzkv xvixzkntt} évlqznsnp xylwéqotjk
·zv kqtvktp tj}vlqsx¹ k xvxzv¹tqq j{{nrzj vméjtq·qsx¹ sq¡
nmv wvrjojtq¹uq q vltqu qo ojrsí·ntqp ërxwnézvkwxq}vsvmvk
Íéq ëzvu xyl t n ljs tjlsnjnp ymvsvktvwéjkvkvp v|ntrq lkyu
ojrsí·ntq¹uërxwnézvkwxq}vsvmvkrvzvénwéq¡sqrxvkné¡nttv
éjosq·tukkvljuvztvxqznstvzvmvtj}vlqsx¹ sq k xvxzv¹
tqq j{{nrzj fyl tn qxxsnlvkjs q wéntqn wvrjojtq¹ vi vi
xzv¹znsxzkj} xvkné¡ntq¹ qu yiqpxzkj v wvxsnlvkjznstvxzq nmv
lnpxzkqp vi vixzjtvkrn wénl¡nxzkvkjk¡np xvkné¡ntqí wénxzyw
sntq¹Ïrjojkkwéqmvkvén·zvvixzv¹znsxzkvuxwvxvixzkvkjk¡nu
kvotqrtvkntqí y xvxzv¹tq¹ j{{nrzj ¹kqsvx juvéjstvn wv
knlntqn wvznéwnk¡q} xyl tnqxxsnlvkjsljttpkvwévxq xlnsjsk
wéqmvkvén wévzqkvén·qkp kkvl v }jéjrznén kojquvvztv¡ntqp
kqtvktvmvxwvznéwnk¡quq

Òjrquviéjovutnqxrsí·ntjknxujivs¡j¹knév¹ztvxzzvmv
·zvyu¡snttvnwéq·qtntqnxunézqxvz¹m·jíquqvixzv¹znsxz
kjuqw ©jª ·xzÏÇèÐ uvnz iztnvivxtvkjttv rkjsq
{q|qévkjtvwv·xzÏÇèÐ
bvwyxrjíz xyl q léymyí réjptvxz ² tnvivxtvkjttv rkjsq
{q|qéyízyiqpxzkjxvkné¡nttnkxvxzv¹tqqxqstvmvly¡nktvmv
kvstntq¹tnwvxzÏÇèÐjwv·xzÏÇèÐÒjrÇju
o¹rqtxrqp éjpvttp xyl ¬xzéj}jtxrvp visjxzq wéq vxylntqqf
wv·xzÏÇ èÐojyu¡snttvnyiqpxzkv xtjxvqznstq|
tq·nu tn uvzqkqévkjs kkvl vi yu¡snttvu }jéjrznén lnpxz

fuÈíssnzntÆné}vktvmvfyljèvxxqpxrvpÐnlnéj|qqð²f

kqpf q tn wévknéqs ljttn rvzvén uvmsq xkqlnznsxzkvkjz v
nmv wxq}q·nxrvu xvxzv¹tqq k uvuntz xvkné¡ntq¹ wénxzywsntq¹
Înly znu qo ujznéqjsvk lnsj xsnlvkjsv ·zv viéjo wvkxnltnktvp
qotqf tn qxrsí·js kvouvtvxzq kvotqrtvkntq¹ lsqznstvp
wxq}vzéjkuqéyínp xqzyj|qq rvzvéj¹ uvmsj kokjz y tnmv xv
xzv¹tqn j{{nrzj fylnitj¹ rvssnmq¹ wv ymvsvktu lnsju Æné}vk
tvmvxylj èÐvzuntqkwéqmvkvéq tjwéjkqklnsvtjtvkvnéjxxsn
lvkjtqn wvxzjkqsj kvwévxv wévknlntqq wvlnsy rvuwsnrxtvp xy
lnitvpwxq}vsvmvwxq}qjzéq·nxrvp ërxwnézqokvztv¡ntqqvxy
lnttvmvf ls¹ k¹xtntq¹ nmv wxq}vsvmq·nxrvmv xvxzv¹tq¹ k uv
untzxvkné¡ntq¹wénxzywsntq¹

Ès vzuntnt q jtjsvmq·tp wéqmvkvé k vztv¡ntqq Ævévt|v
kvp vxylnttvp yétjéxrqu éjpvttu xylvu ïykj¡xrvp énxwyi
sqrqwv·xzÏÇèÐ oj yiqpxzkv xkvnmvuyjfylnitj¹rvs
snmq¹wvymvsvktulnsjuÆné}vktvmvfyljèÐwnénrkjsq{q|qév
kjsjln¹tqnÆvévt|vkvptj ·xzÏÇ èÐ rjr yiqpxzkvxvkné
¡nttvn k xvxzv¹tqq j{{nrzj wvxrvsry qo yxzjtvksntt} xylvu
vixzv¹znsxzkxsnlynz ·zvyÆ vévt|vkvp kvotqrsvxqstvnly¡nk
tvn kvstntqn rjr vzknztj¹ énjr|q¹ tj wévzqkvwéjktn lnpxzkq¹
wvznéwnk¡nmv

Æwvstnv·nkqltv·zv ivsnn kxvrj¹ ë{{nrzqktvxzwéjkvwéq
untqznstvpln¹znstvxzqwéqrkjsq{qrj|qqwénxzywsntqpvzknz
xzknttvxz oj rvzvén wénlyxuvzéntj xzÏÇ èÐ uvnz iz
lvxzqmtyzj sq¡ wyznu otj·qznstv ivs¡np { véujsqoj|qq v|n
tv·t} wvt¹zqp q wéqotjrvk xk¹ojtt} x ymvsvktvwéjkvkvp
v|ntrvp wéq·qt yxsvkqp {jrzvk q vixzv¹znsxzk yiqpxzk xvkné
¡ntt}kxvxzv¹tqqj{{nrzj
Ì|ntv·tnwvt¹zq¹qxwvsoynunwéqrkjsq{qrj|qqwénxzyw
sntqp wévzqk olvévk¹utvmvviéjotqkojquvxk¹ojtÇjr wvrj
ojsv wévknlnttvn tjuq qxxsnlvkjtqn k xzjz¹} ² ²
ÏÇèÐvwqxkjíq}xvxzjkwénxzywsntqptnwvxénlxzknttv
tjwéjksnttn wévzqk olvévk¹ sq·tvxzq xvlnéjzx¹ znéuqtj
kéjjíq}v|ntv·tnwvt¹zq¹qwéqotjrq
Æwéjkvv}éjtqznstvp qwéjkvwéquntqznstvpwéjrzqrnvltqu
qo vxtvkt} nn tjwéjksntqp ¹ks¹nzx¹ ivéij x tjxqsxzknttuq
wvx¹mjznsxzkjuqxk¹ojttuqx{qoq·nxrqukvolnpxzkqnutjsq·
tvxzÌzxíljqvxvivntj¡nktqujtqnrzjrquwvt¹zq¹urjr©zn
snxtvnwvkénlntqnª©wvivqª©qxz¹ojtqnª
Ívt¹zqn znsnxtvmv wvkénlntq¹ ljtv k wéjkqsj} xylnitv
unlq|qtxrvmvvwénlnsntq¹xznwntqz¹nxzqznsnxt}wvkénlntqp

fuÈíssnzntÆné}vktvmvfyljèvxxqpxrvpÐnlnéj|qqð²f
fuÈíssnzntÆné}vktvmvfyljèvxxqpxrvpÐnlnéj|qqð²f

mÍvlznsnxtuwvkénlntqnuwvtqujnzx¹tjéy¡ntqn jtj
zvuq·nxrvp|nsvxzqqsq{qoqvsvmq·nxrvp{ytr|qqvémjtvkqzrj
tnpkvolnpxzkqnu{jrzvévkktn¡tnpxénlÒnsnxtnwvkénlntq¹²
ëzvvwénlnsnttpkql kénlj olvévkítvxjuvwvt¹zqn©kénlolv
évkíª inoyxsvktv tn qx·néwkjnzx¹ sq¡ znsnxtuq wvkénln
tq¹uq
fjuv xvivp éjoyunnzx¹ ·zv v|ntqz xznwnt }jéjrzné q wv
xsnlxzkq¹ kénlj wéq·qtnttvmv olvévkí uvtv sq¡ ijoqéy¹x
tj vwénlnsntqq zjrvmvxymyivv|ntv·tvmvwvt¹zq¹rjr ©olvévknª
vltjrvnmv ln{qtq|qq tnz tn zvsrvkÏÇèÐtvljnk Ìxtvkj}
ojrvtvljznsxzkjèÐ ©Ìiv}éjtnolvévk¹méjljtªfvmsjxtv{vé
uysqévkrn Æxnuqétvp vémjtqoj|qq oléjkvv}éjtntq¹ olvévkn ²
qtlqkqlj ² ëzv xvxzv¹tqn wvstvmv xv|qjstviqvsvmq·nxrvmv
wxq}q·nxrvmv isjmvwvsy·q¹ qtlqkqlj rvmlj {ytr|qq kxn} nmv vé
mjtvkyéjktvkn¡ntx wéqévlvpqxv|qjstvpxénlvpvzxyzxzkyíz
rjrqnsqivtnmjzqktnxvxzv¹tq¹q{qoq·nxrqnlqxrvu{vézcx
sq qx}vlqz qo ljttvmv vwénlnsntq¹ k wvt¹zqn ©kénl olvévkíª
krsí·jízx¹ tn zvsrv xjuq znsnxtn wvkénlntq¹ t v q síin
tjxqsxzknttn lnpxzkq¹ {qoq·nxrvmv q wxq}q·nxrvmv xkvpxzkj j
zjrnkxntnmjzqktnkvolnpxzkq¹{jrzvévkwéqévltvpqxv|qjs
tvpxénlkrsí·j¹qountntq¹wvmvlqtnxkvnkénunttyíkwsjzy
ojéjivztvpwsjz
Ònu tn untnn ojrvtvljzns vzrjojsx¹ vz qxwvsovkjtq¹ k ÏÇ
èÐ wvt¹zq¹ ©znsnxtn wvkénlntq¹ª q kkns znéuqt ©kénl olvév
kíªklns¹¹wvéjounéywéq·qtnttvmvkénljzéqnmvéjotvkqltv
xzqz¹rqpxénltqpqsnmrqpkénlolvévkíxzxzÏÇ
èÐ Ìltjrv wéq ëzvu vttn rvtrénzqoqévkjszjrqn wvt¹zq¹ rjr
©z¹rqpkénl olvévkíª ©vwjxtp l s¹ qotqª©qtvpkénl olvév
kívwjxtpls¹qotqª©éjxxzévpxzkvolvévk¹ªxzÏÇèÐ
©lsqznstvn éjxxzévpxzkv olvévk¹ª ©réjzrvkénunttvn éjxxzévp
xzkvolvévk¹ª xz ©snmrqp kénl olvévkíª©réjzrvkénunttvn
éjxxzévpxzkv olvévk¹ª xzÏÇ èÐ Æxn zéq éjotvkqltvxzq
kénlj olvévkí vztvx¹zx¹ r éjoé¹ly tjxqsq¹ vwjxtvmv ls¹ qotq
qsqolvévk¹rvzvén kxzjz¹}ÏÇèÐéjxxujzéqkjízx¹ sqivrjr
rvtxzéyrzqktp xz sqiv rkjsq{q|qéyíqp wéqotjr w ©kª
·xz w ©kª ·xz ·xz w ©kª ·xz w ©iª
·xz w ©iª ·xz w ©kª ·xz ·xz ·xz
·xzÏÇ èÐ quníqp tn {véujstvvwénlnsnttp j v|n
tv·tp}jéjrzné
Ívivq ² tjtnxntqnutvnxzkntt}yljévkvltvkénunttvsqiv
kzn·ntqnvwénlnsnttvmvkénuntq wéq·qt¹íq} {qoq·nxryí ivs
wéq vzxyzxzkqq uvé{vsvmq·nxrq} qountntqp vémjtqouj wvxzéjljk
¡nmvfsnlxzkqnuwvivnkuvmyziztnzvsrvxxjlqtrévkvwvl

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]