Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Унификация оценочных признаков при квалификации преступлений против личности. Монография

.pdf
Скачиваний:
1
Добавлен:
08.09.2026
Размер:
2 Мб
Скачать
☆
Çvtn·tvqoknxztj¹xznwntxkvivlwéjkvwéquntqzns¹kv|nt
rn{jrzvktnxnzvwjxtvxzvzékjxylntq¹vtq}vzénjstvplnp
xzkqznstvxzqqrjrxsnlxzkqnwénlvwénlns¹nzkvzlnst}xsy·j¹}
tnojrvttvn wéqksn·ntqn r ymvsvktvp vzknzxzknttvxzq tnwéjkqs
tyírsjxxq{qrj|qí ln¹tq¹ tjéy¡ntqnwéqt|qwj qtlqkqlyjsqoj
|qqtjrjojtq¹qountntq¹wéjkvkvmvwvsvntq¹sq|jqzwÆxk¹
oqxëzquutvmqnqxxsnlvkjznsqéjxxujzéqkjk¡qn kvwévxviv|n
tv·t}wvt¹zq¹} kxrjokjízx¹ojxvréjntqn x{néq}qxwvs
ovkjtq¹kwéjkn
Ìltjrv tnmjzqktvn r tqu vztv¡ntqn xzjkqz wvl xvutntqn zj
rvp vinwéqotjttp wéqt|qw wéjkvwéquntqznstvmv wév|nxxj
rjr |nsnxvviéjotvxz Êoljkj¹ tvéujzqktn wénlwqxjtq¹ ojrvtv
ljznsy·qzkjnzrjrynvzun·jsjxsq¡ viqn zntlnt|qq éjo
kqzq¹ vinxzkntt} vztv¡ntqp tj {vtn qlnjstvp uvlnsq wvkn
lntq¹sílnpkjixzéjrztvuwéjkvkvuwévxzéjtxzkntvtnk x vxzv¹
tqqwénlkqlnz q oj{qrxqévkjz q kwéjkvk}tvéuj} kxn vxvint
tvxzqrvtrénzt}vixzv¹znsxzkrjlvmvxsy·j¹wéjkvtjéy¡ntq¹q
qsq wéjkvwéquntntq¹ gnsnxvviéjotvxz n wéjkvwéquntntq¹
wénlwvsjmjnzxkvivlyqtnojkqxquvxznmvxyi~nrzvkdjrvtlvsnt
wénlvxzjks¹z lvstvxztu sq|ju rvzvén nmv wéqunt¹íz kvo
uvtvxzq ls¹ qoxrjtq¹ tjqivsnn vwzqujst} q ë{{nrzqkt}
wyznpénjsqoj|qqyxzjtvksntt}qutvéuqwvsvntqp
Æwvstnv·nkqltv ·zv qxwvsovkjtqnv|ntv·t} wvt¹zqp koj
rvtn tnqointv Ìtq wvoqzqkt nxsq krsí·jízx¹ k wéjkvkn
tvéu rvmlj ëzv tnvi}vlquv q wéjkqstv wéqunt¹ízx¹ t j wéjr
zqrndlnx kjtvwvl·nértyz·zvq}ywvzénisntqntnlvstvwv
évljzwévqokvsjÌ|ntv·tn xylntq¹ lvst vxtvkkjzx¹tj
énjst} {jrzj} vzéjjz zénivkjtq¹ ojrvtj qxzvsrvkkjzx¹kv
kojquvxk¹oq x léymquq qtxzqzyzjuq q wvt¹zq¹uq wéjkj Ì¡qirq
nwéjkvwéquntqzns¹ xkqlnznsxzkyízsq¡vtnlvxzjzv·tvpvwén
lnsnttvxzq tnrvzvé} ymvsvktvwéjkvk} rjznmvéqp quníq}
v|ntv·tp}jéjrznéqtnvi}vlquvxzq yxqsntq¹ éjivz wv {véuj
sqoj|qqtnrvtrénzqoqévkjtt}wvt¹zqpqwéqotjrvkénjsqoynu}
kxylvwévqokvlxzknwvyxuvzéntqíwéjkvwéquntqzns¹
Çjr wénlxzjks¹nzx¹ wvxsnlvkjznstj¹ wvëzjwtj¹ rvtrénzqoj|q¹
v|ntv·t} rjznmvéqp lvstj wévqx}vlqz wyznu wénlkjéqznstvp q
zjznstvpq}jwévij|qqtjwéjrzqrnxljstnp¡quojrvtvljznstu
ojrénwsntqnuyxzv¹k¡q}x¹wvt¹zqp q wéqotjrvk v|ntv·tvmv }jéjrznéj
sqivkxjuvu znrxzn xvvzknzxzkyínp xzjzqÏÇèÐ sqiv k wéqun·j
tq¹}rtnpsqivqkznrxznqkwéqun·jtq¹}Òjrvpwvl}vlynénjs
tvvxynxzks¹nzx¹klnpxzkyínuymvsvktvuojrvtvljznsxzkn
Ëjwéqunék ·xzÏÇèÐ©dsvywvzénisntqn wvstvuv·q¹
uqªljnzx¹vwénlnsntqnëzvmvwvt¹zq¹rvzvévnzéjrzynzx¹rjr©qx

wvsovkjtqn sq|vu kwvst¹íqu ywéjksnt·nxrqn {ytr|qq k
rvuuné·nxrvp qsq qtvp vémjtqoj|qq xkvq} wvstvuv·qp kvwénrq
ojrvttuqtznénxjuëzvpvémjtqoj|qqqk|ns¹}qoksn·ntq¹kmvl
qwénquynxzkls¹xni¹qsqléymq}sq|sqivtjtnxntq¹kénljléy
mqu sq|ju nxsq ëzv ln¹tqn wvksnrsv wéq·qtntqn xynxzknttvmv
kénljwéjkju qojrvttuqtznénxju méjljtqsqvémjtqoj|qp sq
iv v}éjt¹nuu ojrvtvu qtznénxju vinxzkj qsq mvxyljéxzkjª Æ
wéqun·jtqq r ljttvp xzjzn éjxrékjnzx¹ wvt¹zqn ©kwvst¹í
qp ywéjksnt·nxrqn {ytr|qqª Òjrvku ©wéqotjnzx¹ sq|vwvxzv
¹ttvkénunttvsqiv wv xwn|qjstvuy wvstvuv·qíkwvst¹ínnvé
mjtqoj|qvttvéjxwvé¹lqznstn qsq jluqtqxzéjzqktv}vo¹pxzknttn
vi¹ojttvxzq k rvuuné·nxrvp vémjtqoj|qq tnojkqxquv vz {véu
xvixzknttvxzqj zjrn k tnrvuuné·nxrvpvémjtqoj|qq tv ¹ks¹í
npx¹ mvxyljéxzknttu vémjtvu vémjtvu unxztvmv xjuvywéjksn
tq¹mvxyljéxzknttuqsquytq|qwjstuy·énlntqnuª
Æ|nsvu ÏÇ èÐ otj·qznstv ivsnn jrzqktvqxwvsoynzojrvtv
ljznstvnzvsrvkjtqnv|ntv·t}wvt¹zqpq wéqotjrvkxvxzjkjwén
xzywsntq¹·nuéjtnnlnpxzkvkjk¡qpÏÇèfÐfèÌltjrvtnxuvz
é¹tj¹ktp wévménxx k ëzvp visjxzqqlnpxzkyíqpÏÇ èÐ nn
kv utvmvu tnwvxsnlvkjznsnt q wévzqkvén·qk ·zv viyxsvksqkjnz
tnvi}vlquvxzktnxntq¹otj·qznstvmv r vsq·nxzkj rvéénrzqk k nmv
xvlnéjtqn Òjr wv utntqí jkzvéxrvmv rvssnrzqkj qo wénlxzjkq
znsnp wéjkvv}éjtqznst} knlvuxzk xvoljttvmv wv qtq|qjzqkn
ntnéjstvpwévryéjzyéèÐls¹wvlmvzvkrq{nlnéjstvmvojrvtj
vktnxntqqqountntqpqlvwvstntqpkÏÇèÐwéqunétvvlty · nz
knézxzjznp ÏÇèÐkvvin tnso¹wéqunt¹zqooj¹kt}v¡qivr
qsqwévinsvk

fsnlvkjznstvwv¹ks¹nzx¹ q tnvi}vlquvxzq lvwvstqznstj¹
kvouvtvxz ls¹ ljstnp¡np éjivz wv ©{véujsqoj|qqª v|ntv·
t}wvt¹zqpqwéqotjrvkÌxtvktuqtjwéjksntq¹uq zjrvmv évlj
ln¹znstvxzqtjtj¡koms¹llvstxzjzywvé¹lv·ntqnznéuqtv
svmqq éjo~¹xtntqn xvlnéjtq¹ wvt¹zqp q wéqotjrvk éjoéjivzrj
wéqunét} wnén·tnp v|ntv·t} rjznmvéqp vivintqn q éjxwév
xzéjtntqnwéjrzqrwéqt|qwqjst} én¡ntqpxylvkwvrvtrénztu
lnsju lvrzéqtjstvn zvsrvkjtqn znujzq·nxrqn viové xylnitvp
wéjrzqrqivsnn¡qévrvnqxwvsovkjtqnjrzvkjyzntzq·tvmvzvsrv
kjtq¹qjrzvkvinvi¹ojznstvmvtvéujzqktvmvzvsrvkjtq¹
Òénivkjtqn ywvé¹lv·ntq¹ ytq{qrj|qq znéuqtvsvmqq rjznmv
éqp v|ntv·tvmv }jéjrznéj tnwvxénlxzknttv xsnlynz qo qtznénxvk
yrénwsntq¹ ojrvttvxzq wéq vxynxzksntqq wéjkvxylq¹ dlnx

 fu Çvuuntzjéqp r Ï mvsvktv uy rvlnrxy èvxxqpxrvp Ðnlnéj|qq Ìzk énl
ìÊfryéjzvkÆÎÉninlnk²f

réjptntnvi}vlquv·zvivltqqzn nv|ntv·tnwvt¹zq¹qwéq
otjrq ywvzénis¹nun ojrvtvljznsnu wéq vwénlnsntqq xvxzjkvk
wénxzywsntqp zvsrvkjsqx zvlnxzknttv êzv k wnékyí v·nénl
vztvxqzx¹ r wvt¹zq¹u ©réywtp ynéiª ©otj·qznstp ynéiª
©kénlª ©xynxzknttp kénlª ©réywtp éjounéª ©vxviv réywtp
éjounéª
©cxsq wvznéwnk¡qu vz wénxzywsntq¹ ¹ks¹nzx¹ vinxzkv x nmv
nlqtuqtnlnsquuujznéqjstuévxzvuzvv|ntv·tnwvt¹zq¹
qsq vzlnstn ësnuntz q} xzéyrzyé yrjokjíqn tj kénl
ynéi q zl uvmyz iz rvtrénzqoqévkjt yrjojtqnu tj vwénln
snttyíxyuuyª²wénlsjmjsnnk  mÆÆÍqzn|rqp
êzvwv
nsjtqn y·zntv k lnpxzkyínu ÏÇ Òjr k wéqun·jtqq r
xzÏÇ èÐ ljnzx¹rvsq·nxzknttvn vwénlnsntqnwvt¹zq¹ ©réyw
tpéjounéªxk¡n lknxzqw¹zlnx¹zzx¹·éyisnpq vxvivvzun
·jnzx¹·zvvtv uvnz iz qxwvsovkjtv sq¡ wéq rkjsq{qrj|qq
xvxzjkvkwénxzywsntqp wénlyxujzéqkjnu} k msjkn©Íénxzywsn
tqnwévzqkxvixzknttvxzqª xz²ÏÇèÐÌltjrvwéquntq
znstvr léymqukqljuqéjotvkqltvxz¹uwénxzywsntqpv|ntv·tvn
wvt¹zqn ©réywtp éjounéª kjéqéynzx¹ xsnlyíqu viéjovu k
xz xk¡n w¹zq uqssqvtvk éyisnp k xz xk¡n w¹zqxvz
zx¹· éyisnp k xz xk¡n zén}xvz zx¹· éyisnp k xz
xk¡n vltvmv uqssqvtj w¹zxvz zx¹· éyisnp j ls¹ tnrvzvé}
xzjznpÏÇèÐéjounéynéijkvvintnvwénlnsnt
Ëj koms¹l ÎbÉxvkj ©ynéiª ² wvt¹zqn ivsnn xkvpxzknt
tvn ln¹tq¹u k x{nén ërvtvuqrq ërvsvmq·nxrqu q zéjtxwvéztu
wénxzywsntq¹u q nmv xvlnéjtqn tvxqz quynxzknttp ujznéq
jstp }jéjrzné
 Êunttv ëzvz znéuqt jrzqktv qxwvsoynzx¹ xv
xzjkqzns¹uqÏÇé¹ljénxwyisqrkxvxzjknfË
Ëjwéqunékxz©Ïu¡snttnytq·zvntq¹qsqwvkénln
tq¹ ·yvmv quynxzkjª ÏÇ ènxwyisqrq Çjoj}xzjt m vwénln
sntv·zvotj·qznstuynéivu¹ks¹nzx¹nmvéjounékxzvéjowén
k¡jíqp unx¹·tp éjx·nztp wvrjojzns Æ wéqun·jtq¹} r
xzÏÇènxwyisqrqÇjoj}xzjtkzjrq}néjounéj}wéqotjnzx¹q
réywtpynéiwéq·qtnttpméjljtqtyjkxsy·jnnmvwéq·qtn
tq¹vémjtqoj|qqqsqmvxyljéxzkyéjounéynéijvwénlnsnttjxyu
uykéjowénk¡jíyíunx¹·tpéjx·nztpwvrjojznsyxzj
tvksnttp énxwyisqrjtxrqu ojrvtvljznsxzkvu tj uvuntz xvkné
¡ntq¹wénxzywsntq¹

fuÍqzn|rqpÆÆÌxvinttvxzqzvsrvkjtq¹v|ntv·t}wéqotjrvkymvsv ktvmv
ojrvtj Íévisnu xvkné¡ntxzkvkjtq¹ ymvsvktvmv ojrvtvljznsxzkj tj xvké n
unttvuëzjwn²fknélsvkxr²f²
fuÉxvkÎbÉvmqrvxzéyrzyétpjtjsqowvt¹zqpqwéqotjrvk wénxzyws n
tqpklnpxzkyínuÏmvsvktvurvlnrxnèÐvxyljéxzkvqwéjkv²f

ÆÏÇ è nxwyisqrq éyoq¹ m zjrnrvtrénzqoqévkjtjknsq
·qtj réywtvmv ynéij rvzvéu wéqotjnzx¹ éjouné wéq·qtnttvmv
viujtvu ynéij wénk¡jíqp wév|ntzvk xzvquvxzq wvlsn
jnpywsjznwvzéniqzns¹uxz
ÎbÉxvk wvsjmjnz ·zv wvt¹zqn ©kénlª krsí·jnz k xni¹ wv
xuxsy wénquynxzknttv {qoq·nxrqp kénl olvévkí q uvéjs
tpjzjrnwéq·qtnttpwéjkjuqojrvttuqtznénxjuméjljt
vémjtqoj|qpvinxzkjqmvxyljéxzkj}vz¹tnqxrsí·jnzqtjsq·qn
ujznéqjstvmv kénlj Òjrqu viéjovu wvt¹zqn ©kénlª vztvxqzx¹
wénlnkxnmvrwénxzywsntq¹uwévzqksq·tvxzq

Æ |nsvu tn kvoéjj¹ vztvxqznstv zjrvp zéjrzvkrq znéuqtj
©kénlª u znu tn untnn x·qzjnu |nsnxvviéjotu éjx¡qéntqn
méjtq| ëzvmv wvt¹zq¹ Ìtv wv tj¡nuy utntqí lvstv wéqun
t¹zx¹ k rj·nxzkn znéuqtj ¡qévrvmv wvsovkjtq¹ vivijínmv
kxnkql ujznéqjst}quvéjst} yzéjzvzwévzqkvwéjkt} ln¹
tqp krsí·j¹ q v}kjzkjnun zjrquq wvt¹zq¹uq rjr ©ynéiª
©yévtª ©wvzn鹪 ©yizvrª ©ywynttj¹ kmvljª ©ujznéqjstn
qolnérqª q zw Íénlsjmjnup wvl}vl xvvzknzxzkynz q rsjxxq·n
xrqu wénlxzjksntq¹u v kénln rjr oéquvu q otj·quvu énoyszjzn
wvxsnlxzkqq wénxzywsntq¹ Òjr ïnojén Ènrrjéq¹ wvsjmjs ·zv
©tjxzv¹qu unéqsvu wénxzywsntqp ¹ks¹nzx¹ kénl wéq·qtnttp
quq vinxzkyª
 Ìltvkénunttv vt kxrjokjs utntqn v zvu ·zv
©|nstjrjojtq¹«ojrsí·jnzx¹ tn k ·nu qtvurjrkwénlywénln
tqqtvk} ln¹tqp wénxzywtqrjtjtvx¹q} kénl nmv xvméjljtju
qkylnéjtqqléymq}vzwvlvit} lnpxzkqpÍvëzvuyxsnlynzwéq
unt¹z zjrqn tjrjojtq¹ q zjrqn xwvxvi q} qxwvsovkjtq¹ rvzv
én iyly·q jlnrkjzt xvkné¡nttvuy wénxzywsntqí wévqokvlqsq
i tjqivsnn xqstvn q tjqivsnn lsqznstvn kwn·jzsntqn tj ly¡q
sílnp q tn wéq·qt¹sq i wénxzywtqry otj·qznst} {qoq·nxrq}
xzéjljtqpª

dlnx kwvstn v·nkqltu wénlxzjks¹nzx¹ rvt|nwzyjstp wvl
}vlréjxxuvzéntqíymvsvktvwéjkvkvmvqtxzqzyzjtjrjojtq¹rjrr
xqxznunwéqtylqznstvvxynxzks¹nu}mvxyljéxzkvuqkvwsvnt
t} k ujznéqjstv{qtjtxvkyí {véuy uné rvuwntxj|qvttvmv }j
éjrznéj wv yxzéjtntqí kénlt} wvxsnlxzkqp wénxzywtvmv ln¹tq¹
Ívtj¡nuyutntqíqunttv qtxzqzyzy wéqtylqznstvp rvuwntxj
|qqkénlj lvstv iz ylnsntvwéqvéqznztvnktqujtqn k xqxznun
tnzvsrvméjljtxrvmvtvqymvsvktvmvwéjkjèjtnnuynk
xrjokjsqx wv ëzvuy kvwévxy wénlsjmj¹ wéq tjotj·ntqq tjrjoj

fuÉxvkÎbÏrjoxv·f²
ÈnrrjéqjïÌwénxzywsntq¹}qtjrjojtq¹}²f
Òjunf

tq¹tjwé¹uyí xk¹okjz éjouné q unéytjrjojtq¹rjrxtnvi}vlq
uvxzí qovs¹|qq xvkné¡qk¡nmv wénxzywtvn ln¹tqn sq|j zjr q x
vi¹ojznstvxzíwvstvprvuwntxj|qq qu wéq·qtnttvmv sq·tvxzq
vinxzkyqmvxyljéxzkykénlj
Ëjwéquné oj xvkné¡nttvn yiqpxzkv kqtvktp révun vwénln
snttvmv xévrj sq¡ntq¹ xkvivl tjotj·nttvmv xylvu vz quntq q
wvwvéy·ntqímvxyljéxzkjlvsnt rjrwénlxzjks¹nzx¹kzvu·qxsn
q wv ojkné¡ntqí vxtvktvmv tjrjojtq¹ rvuwntxqévkjzxnun wv
znéwnk¡nmv ujznéqjstp ynéi vz wvznéq rvéuqs|j qx}vl¹ qo
xénltq}lv}vlvknézkqxénltnpwévlvsqznstvxzqqotq·nsv
knrj fwvxvijuq ujznéqjstvp rvuwntxj|qq uvmsq i iz wéq
tylqznstnk·nz qonmvlv}vlvkvltqu qokjéqjtzvkvinxwn·n
tq¹kxvrvmvyévkt¹rvzvé}uvmsvixzjzwénlvxzjksntqnéjiv
zxk¹ojttvpxwénikjtqnukz¹ns}qsqvwjxt}yxsvkq¹}sq
iv k vzljsntt} énmqvtj} wéqtylqznstvn ojrsí·ntqn rvtzéjrzj
tjqxwvsovkjtqnvémjtvkqzrjtnp yiqp|wvxsnnmv nxznxzknttvp
xunézqqsq kénoyszjznqxwvstntq¹xunéztvmv wéqmvkvéjxkwsj
zvpjkjtxvuqsqkéjxxév·rylntnt} xénlxzk xnun wvznéwnk¡n
mv Ìltjrv tqrjrj¹ xyuuj wénlsvnttvp lntntvp rvuwntxj|qq
tn uvnz xsyqz vxtvkjtqnu ls¹ yunt¡ntq¹ qsq vzrjoj vz vx
tvktvp uné tjrjojtq¹ oj xvkné¡nttvn wénxzywsntqn k éjktvp
unén rvuwntxj|q¹ kénljk ujznéqjstv{qtjtxvkvp {véun tn uv
nziz ojuntntj lvwvstqznstuxévrvu sq¡ntq¹ xkvivlqsq
qtvpunévptjrjojtq¹
Ënxvutnttv·zvrjrq kxsy·jnxéjounéjuqynéij ojrvtvlj
znskwéjknywvé¹lv·qzkujznéqjstv{qtjtxvkvp{véunéjoun
ékénljkzvu·qxsnquvéjstvmvqlq{{nént|qévkjznmvkln
tntvu ërkqkjsntzn Ìltjrv wéq ytq{qrj|qq v|ntv·t} rjznmv
éqp tnvi}vlquv qunz k kqly ·zv znéuqtvsvmq·nxrvn xvkwjlntqn
v|ntv·t}wvt¹zqpq wéqotjrvk tnkxnmljzvlnxzknttvwvxvlné
jtqí Çjr wéjkqsv zjrvmv évlj ©lkvptvnª xvkwjlntqn uvnz
qunzunxzvsq¡kisqorq}wvxkvnuyotj·ntqíxvxzjkj}wénxzyw
sntq¹wvx¹mjíq}rjrwéjkqsvtjvlqtvi~nrztjwéquné©kénl
olvévkíª k xz² ÏÇèÐÌ·nkqltv
·zvwvwzrqljzytqknéxjstvnzvsrvkjtqnv|ntv·t}rjznmvéqp
qxwvsoynu} k éjosq·t} xzjz¹} ÏÇ èÐ ojknlvuv vién·ntj tj
tnylj·y Ívëzvuy ls¹ yxzjtvksntq¹ xvlnéjtq¹ v|ntv·t} wvt¹
zqp q wéqotjrvk ivs¡vn otj·ntqn qunnz y·nz unxzvtj}vlntq¹
wvxsnltq}kxqxznuntvéuÏÇèÐq·nzrvnwénlxzjksntqnvlqjwj
ovtnqxwvsovkjtq¹zvmv qsq qtvmvwvt¹zq¹qsqwéqotjrjv|ntv·
tvmv}jéjrznéj
Înly znu xvkné¡nttv vzrjojzx¹ vz qxwvsovkjtq¹ zjrvmv
wéqnujrjr©éjo~¹xtntqn znéuqtvkª tj vxtvkjtqqtnkvouvtvxzq

wvstvp q vrvt·jznstvp ytq{qrj|qq v|ntv·t} rjznmvéqp isv
iwvunt¡npunéntnéjoyutv ¬tjsqolnpxzkyínmvymvsvktvmv
ojrvtvljznsxzkj ¹xtv wvrjokjnz ·zv k ÏÇ èÐ wéqkvlqzx¹ nn
tnujsv wvt¹zqp qwéqotjrvk xtnlvxzjzv·tv rvtrénzqoqévkjttu
xvlnéjtqnu ·jxz qo rvzvé} qxwvsoynzx¹ ls¹ vivotj·ntq¹ vx
tvkt} ësnuntzvk xvxzjkj wénxzywsntq¹ Ìzxyzxzkqn nlqtvviéjoq¹
k qtznéwénzj|qq v|ntv·t} wvt¹zqp ljn x y·nzvu éjtnn kxrj
ojtt}xvviéjntqp vtnkvouvtvxzqwvstvmv xynxzknttvmvxvk
wjlntq¹wéqznéuqtvsvmq·nxrvu zvlnxzkn tnqointv ksn·nzéjo
tv·zntq¹ xuxsj zjrvk} k }vlnwéjkvwéquntqznstvp ln¹znstv
xzq Çévun zvmv tnvi}vlquv qunz k kqly xyz q otj·ntqn é¹lj
znéuqtvk k zvu ·qxsn q v|ntv·tvmv }jéjrznéj k ymvsvktv
wéjkvkvuwvtqujtqqtnénlrvxynxzknttv vzsq·jnzx¹vzvinwéq
t¹zvmvvinywvzéniqznstvmvq}zvsrvkjtq¹
Ívëzvuy k |ns¹} wvk¡ntq¹ xzjiqstvxzq q lvxzqntq¹ ivs
¡nmvnlqtvviéjoq¹k wéquntntqqymvsvktvmvojrvtjisvi|nsn
xvviéjotvkknxzqkÌiyí·jxzÏÇèÐxwn|qjstyíxzjzímsjky
éjolns mln isq i ljt éjo~¹xtntq¹ tjqivsnn kjt} q ·jxzv
ywvzénis¹nu}wvt¹zqpqwéqotjrvkkzvu·qxsnv|ntv·tvmv}jéjr
znéjrjrëzvxlnsjtvkxzÏÍÇèÐbs¹xvxzjksntq¹zjrvmvxwq
xrj wvlsnjq} éjo~¹xtntqí v|ntv·t} rjznmvéqp tnvi}vlquv
wénlkjéqznstv wévqoknxzq xzévmqp vzivé tjqivsnn éjxwévxzéjtnt
t}ymvsvktvwéjkvk}wéqotjrvkqwvt¹zqp v|ntv·tvmv }jéjrznéj
wéquntntqnrvzvé}kokjnz tjqivs¡qn zéyltvxzqqrvtrénzqoj
|q¹ rvzvé} qunnz wéqt|qwqjstvn otj·ntqn Íéq ëzvu wénlxzjk
s¹nzx¹|nsnxvviéjotuéjo~¹xtntqnkwnékyív·nénlznéuqtvkv|n
tv·tvmv }jéjrznéj qxwvsoynu} wéq rkjsq{qrj|qq xvxzjkj wén
xzywtvmvln¹tq¹znzjrq}rjr©wénxzywsntqnª©kunt¹nuvxzª©¹k
tvxzª ©ojknlvuvxzª ©vwjxtvxzª ©vinxzknttj¹ vwjxtvxzª Ê}
rvtrénzqoj|q¹{véujsqoj|q¹qunnzwéqt|qwqjstvnotj·ntqnwéq
rkjsq{qrj|qqwénxzywsntq¹qqtlqkqlyjsqoj|qqtjrjojtq¹
Ëjwéquné k xzÏÇ èÐ xvlnéqzx¹ rjr yn vzun·jsvx tn
xjuvnylj·tvntj tj¡ koms¹l vwénlnsntqn wvt¹zq¹wénxzywsntq¹
rjrvku wéqotjnzx¹ ©kqtvktv xvkné¡nttvn vinxzknttv vwjxtvn
ln¹tqnojwénnttvntjxzv¹quÇvlnrxvuwvlymévovptjrjojtq¹ª
Ëjun wénlxzjks¹nzx¹ivsnnjlnrkjztvpzjrj¹{véuysqévkrjëzvmv
v|ntv·tvmv wvt¹zq¹ ©wénxzywsntqn ² wévzqkvwéjktvn tnojrvt
tvn wéq·qtntqn kénlj wvznéwnk¡nuyª wéq ëzvu wvznéwnk¡quq
uvmyzwéqotjkjzx¹tnzvsrv{qoq·nxrqntvqíéqlq·nxrqnsq|j
rvzvéu tnojrvttuq wévzqkvwéjktuq lnpxzkq¹uq kqtvktvmv
wéq·qtnt{qoq·nxrqpujznéqjstpqsquvéjstpkénl
ËÊkjtvkwénlsjmjnz zjrqu n viéjovu wévknxzqtvknssqoj
|qíxzÏÇèÐ vxzjkqkkxnmv·nzénéjotvkqltvxzqwénxzywt}

méyww méywwj sq| viéjovkjttj¹ ino wénlkjéqznstvmv xmvkvéj
méywwj sq| viéjovkjttj¹ wv wénlkjéqznstvuy xmvkvéy ijtlj
wénxzywtj¹ vémjtqoj|q¹ éjosq·q¹ unly rvzvéuq viyxsvksnt
xwn|q{qrvp q} vi~nrzqktvxyi~nrzqktvp xzéyrzyé Òjrqu viéj
ovu méywwj sq| wv wénlkjéqznstvuy xmvkvéy q méywwj sq| ino
wénlkjéqznstvmv xmvkvéj éjoméjtq·qkjízx¹ wv uvuntzy lvxzqn
tq¹xvmsjxq¹ls¹ijtlvi¹ojznstuwéqotjrvu¹ks¹nzx¹tjsq·qn
véyq¹ j ls¹ wénxzywtvp vémjtqoj|qq ² |nsnkj¹ tjwéjksnttvxz
ln¹znstvxzq xvkné¡ntqn wénxzywsntqp wévzqk rvtxzqzy|qvttvmv

xzév¹
Ìltqu qo wnéxwnrzqkt} tjwéjksntqp olnx uvnziz ojrv
tvljznstvn ojrénwsntqn wnén·tnp q vwénlnsntqp zn} vxtvkt}
¹ksntqpxwvxvi xvkné¡ntq¹wénxzywsntqpwénxzywtnwvxsnlxz
kq¹q zw vi~nu ln{qtq|qp rvzvé}xvxzjks¹nz xvlnéjtqn tn
xrvsrq} v|ntv·t} rjznmvéqp Çvtrénzqoj|q¹ viq}q jixzéjrz
t} {véuysqévkvr wyznu wnén·qxsntq¹ q} xvxzjkt} ësnuntzvk
lnsjnzv|ntv·tnwvt¹zq¹qwéqotjrqivsnn ¹xtuqqwvt¹ztuq
xwvxvixzkynz y¹xtntqí q} xytvxzq q xtqjnz éqxr kvouvtvmv
tnwéjkqstvmvzvsrvkjtq¹wéjkvwéquntqznsnu
Ætjxzv¹nnkénu¹xylnitj¹wéjrzqrjtjrvwqsjtnujspvwz
qxwvsovkjtq¹v|ntv·t}rjznmvéqp wéq·nutnrvzvénwvt¹zq¹q
wéqotjrqquníqnv|ntv·tp}jéjrznéynqxzvsrvkjtkéyrv
kvl¹q} wvxzjtvksntq¹} Æné}vktvmv fylj èÐ Ívëzvuy kwvstn
vivxtvkjttvpq xkvnkénunttvp wénlxzjks¹nzx¹ wvxzjtvkrj kvwévxj
v krsí·ntqq tjqivsnn éjxwévxzéjtntt} vinywvzéniqznst}
zqwq·t} v|ntv·t} wvt¹zqp q wéqotjrvk tn zvsrv k ymvsvktv
wéjkvkn qtxzqzyz Ìinp ·jxzq tjé¹ly x wnén·tnu znéuqtvk
xvlnéjqu q v|ntv·tn rjznmvéqq tv q k tvéu Ìxvinttvp
·jxzqÏÇèÐtjwéqunéwénlkjé¹¹q}zvsrvkjtqnurjlpqoéjo
lnsvk
Íéq ëzvu nxsq i k Ìinp ·jxzq ÏÇ isq ljt wéqunétn
wnén·tq v|ntv·t} rjznmvéqp vinywvzéniqznstvmv }jéjrznéj
©wénxzywsntqnª©vinxzknttj¹vwjxtvxzª©xsynitnvi¹ojttv
xzqª©vinxzknttplvsmª©vxvij¹nxzvrvxzª©}ysqmjtxrqnwv
iylntq¹ª ©qxrsí·qznstn vixzv¹znsxzkjª q zw zv k tj·jsn
Ìxvinttvp·jxzq|nsnxvviéjotvwéqknxzqwéqunétnwnén·tqzné
uqtvk qxwvsoynu} k zn} xsy·j¹} rvmlj vltv q zvn v|ntv·tvn
wvt¹zqnqsqvlqtq zvz n v|ntv·tp wéqotjrwéqunt¹nunwéq
{véuysqévkjtqq éjosq·t} xvxzjkvk wénxzywsntqp tnxyz nlqtyí
xuxsvkyítjméyorydlnx rjrqkxsy·j¹}ojrvtvljznstvmvéjo~

fuÊkjtvkËÇkvwévxyvwvt¹zqqméywwk évxxqpxrvuymvsvktvu wé jkn
vxyljéxzkvqwéjkvð²f

¹xtntq¹ znéuqtvsvmqq k wnékyí v·nénl tnvi}vlquv xvxzjkqz
wéqunétnwnén·tq zn} v|ntv·t}wvt¹zqpq wéqotjrvk rvzvén
qunízrkjsq{q|qéyínnotj·ntqn©vxvij¹nxzvrvxzª©réywtp
ynéiª q zw x y·nzvu xwn|q{qrq vi~nrzj wénxzywt} wvx¹mj
znsxzk
Ìlqtq}ylj·t}wvtj¡nuyutntqíwéqunévkwvlvitvmvév
lj ² wnén·nt v|ntv·t} wvt¹zqp q wéqotjrvk wéqknlntt} k
xz©Ìwénlnsntq¹ªÏÇ¡zjzjËíevérjf¬
dtj·ntqnznéuqtvkvinmvqxwvsovkjtq¹kljttvpmsjkn
djqxrsí·ntqnuxsy·jnkrvmljqtnotj·ntq¹ wé¹uv tn yrjoj
t k wvxsnlyíq} wvsvntq¹} tjxzv¹np msjk xsnlyíqn zné
uqtqunízzjrqnotj·ntq¹
 ©Ívx¹mjznsxzkvª votj·jnz wvknlntqn oj rvzvévn tjrjojtqn
zíénutu ojrsí·ntqnu tjxévr qsq ¡zéj{vu wénlyxuvzéntv sí
ivptvéuvpwéjkjljttvmv¡zjzjqsqkvvinsíivptvéuvp wéjkj
unxztu wéjkvu sqiv vélvtjtxvu vémjtj wvsqzq·nxrvp ksjxzq
ljttvmv¡zjzj sqivsíiuwéqrjovuwéjkqsvuqsqqtxzéyr|qnp
rvzvén wéqt¹z rjrqusqiv wéjkqznsxzknttu y·énlntqnu k
xvvzknzxzkqqxwénlvxzjksnttuqnuyls¹ëzvmvwvstvuv·q¹uq
©bvévtpwévxzywvrªvotj·jnzsíivn wvx¹mjznsxzkvvwén
lns¹nuvn rjr ©lvévtp wévxzywvrª k   bvévtv
zéjtxwvéztvmvojrvtj
 ©Ëjéy¡ntqnª votj·jnz wvx¹mjznsxzkv qxrsí·j¹ ©lvévtp
wévxzywvrªojrvzvévntnuvnziztjotj·ntvtjrjojtqnzíénu
tuojrsí·ntqnuxévrvuxk¡nltnp
 ©Îqxlquqtvéª votj·jnz wvx¹mjznsxzkv qxrsí·j¹ ©lvév
tp wévxzywvrª oj rvzvévn uvnz iz tjotj·ntv tjrjojtqn zí
énutuojrsí·ntqnutjxévrvzltnplvmvlj
©Ðnsvtq¹ªvotj·jnzwvx¹mjznsxzkvojrvzvévnuvnziztj
otj·ntvtjrjojtqnzíénutuojrsí·ntqnutjxévrxk¡nmvlj
©Íénxzywsntqnªvotj·jnzuqxlquqtvéqsq{nsvtqí
 ©Éq|vª votj·jnz ·nsvknrj j k tnvi}vlqu} xsy·j¹} ² wyi
sq·tyí qsq ·jxztyí r véwvéj|qí tnqtrvwvéqévkjttvn vi~nlqtn
tqnzvkjéqnxzkv wéjkqznsxzkv qsqwéjkqznsxzknttvn y·énln
tqn
 ©Æsjlnzª ² otj·qz {qoq·nxrq ksjlnz vx¹ojnuu quynxz
kvu qsq rjrsqiv nn vxynxzks¹z ksjlntqn qsq rvtzévs t jl
tqu
©Ònsnxtpkénlª votj·jnz y}yl¡ntqn {qoq·nxrvmvxvxzv¹tq¹
qsqxynxzknttyíivs
 ©Ò¹rqp znsnxtp kénlª votj·jnz znsnxtp kénl rvzvéu
xvoljnzx¹otj·qznstj¹ymévoj ls¹qotqqsqrvzvéuwéq·qt¹nzx¹
xunéz sqiv xnénotvn q lsqznstvn vinoviéjqkjtqn lsqznstvn

y}yl¡ntqn olvévk¹ qsq yzéjzj sqiv y}yl¡ntqn {ytr|qvtqévkj
tq¹síivmvznsnxtvmvvémjtjkzn·ntqnlsqznstvmvkénuntq
©funéznstj¹{qoq·nxrj¹xqsjª²ëzv{qoq·nxrj¹xqsjrv
zvéj¹ wéq vixzv¹znsxzkj} wéq rvzvé} vtj wéqunt¹nzx¹ zvz·jx
xwvxvitjwéq·qtqzxunézqsqléymvpz¹rqpznsnxtpkénl
©funézvtvxtvnvéyqnªvotj·jnzsíivnojé¹nttvnvéyqn
qorvzvévmv uvnz iz xlnsjtkxzéns zvz·jx xwvxvitp wéq·q
tqzxunéz qsqléymvpz¹rqpznsnxtpkénljzjrntvxjkzv
ujzq·nxrq k}vl¹qu snokqnu rqtjs lyiqtrj unzjssq·nxrqp
rjxznzqlé
©Æmvljªqsq©isjmvªvotj·jnzsíiyíwéqisqsqwvsoyk
xvvzknzxzkqqxnsjtqnuqsqxvmsjxqnukmvlvwéqviénzjzns¹ª

Æéjokqzqnëzq}qlnptjuqktjxzv¹npéjivznisjéjoéjivzj
tj q jwéviqévkjtj rsjxxq{qrj|q¹ v|ntv·t} rjznmvéqp qxwvs
oynu} k Ìinp ·jxzq q éjolnsn 9,, Ìxvinttvp ·jxzq ÏÇ èÐ
©Íénxzywsntq¹wévzqksq·tvxzqªxuÒjisq|qÍéqsvntq¹
q xvxzjksnt kivév·tn xsvkjéqwnén·tq v|ntv·t} wvt¹zqp q
wéqotjrvkqxwvsoynu}kÌinpqÌxvinttvp·jxz¹}tjwéqunén
wénxzywsntqp wévzqk sq·tvxzq ÏÇ èÐ xu Íéqsvntq¹rzjisq
|juqÍéqsvntq¹
Çjlj¹ qo tjyr réquqtjstvmv |qrsj ymvsvktvn wéjkv ymv
svktvwév|nxxyjstvn wéjkv ymvsvktvqxwvstqznstvn wéjkv
réquqtvsvmq¹réquqtjsqxzqrjqxwvsoynz wénquynxzknttv xqx
znuywvt¹zqpwéqxyq}tnwvxénlxzknttv z vsrvljttvptjyrn·zv
viyxsvksntvwénlunzvuq}qxxsnlvkjtq¹fvvzknzxzknttvéjivzjwv
ljstnp¡np ytq{qrj|qq v|ntv·t} wvt¹zqp q wéqotjrvk lvstj
krsí·jz k xni¹ zqwqoj|qí x}nujzqoj|qí q rsjxxq{qrj|qí v|n
tv·t}rjznmvéqpwéqunt¹nu}sq¡wéqrkjsq{qrj|qqqtjotj
·ntqq tjrjojtq¹ oj wénxzywsntq¹ wénlyxuvzénttn éjolnsjuq
9,,,²;,,msjk²ÏÇèÐxxvxzjksntqnuznéuqtvsvmq·nxrv
mvxsvkjé¹wnén·t¹ rrjlvuyéjolnsy qsqmsjknÒjrqu viéjovuk
ujznéqjstvu q wév|nxxyjstvuymvsvktvu wéjkn iylnz ojkné¡ntv
{véuqévkjtqn xvixzknttvmv wvt¹zqptvmv jwwjéjzj v|ntv·t} rj
znmvéqpjlnrkjztvuy wénlunzy q |ns¹uqxxsnlvkjtq¹ êzv lvstv
xzjz vltqu qo msjkt} tjwéjksntqp k éjoéjivzrn unzvlvsvmq·n
xrq} wévisnu ymvsvktvmv q ymvsvktvwév|nxxyjstvmv wéjkj Ïx
wn¡tvnnn vxynxzksntqn uvmsv ixwvxvixzkvkjz xzjtvksntqí q
ywvé¹lv·ntqíznéuqtvsvmq·nxrvpijoqwéqrsjlt}tjyrréquq
tjstvmv |qrsj k otj·qznstvp unén qxwvsoyíq} ojquxzkvkjt
tnqoznvéqqqwéjrzqrqymvsvktvmvwéjkjwvt¹zq¹qwéqotjrqk

 fu vi ëzvu Îjsqtvkxrqp¬¬Ïmvsvktvn wéjkv ojéyint} mvxyljéxzk
Ï·nitvnwvxviqn²Î²f

zvu·qxsnqquníqntnrvtrénztptn{véujsqoqévkjttpv|n
tv·tp}jéjrzné
èjoyunnzx¹wvuquv ·qxzvwéjkvk}mjéjtzqp tvéujzqktvmv}j
éjrznéj olnx xsnlynz qxwvsovkjz q léymqn {jrzvé xwvxvi q
unzvl xvlnpxzkyíqn wéjkqstvuy kvxwéq¹zqí q énjsqoj|qq
wéjkvv}éjtqznstuqq wéjkvwéquntqznstuq vémjtjuq v|ntv·
t} rjznmvéqp êzv vxvinttv tnvi}vlquv k zn} xsy·j¹} rvmlj wv
znuqsqqtu wéq·qtju v|ntv·tn wvt¹zq¹qsqwéqotjrqtnso¹
kvinvi¹ojznstvp{véunwéqisqoqzr{véujstvvwénlnsnttu
wvt¹zq¹u tjwéquné rvmlj ymvsvktvwéjkvkn xzjtljéz v|ntvr
tj}vl¹zx¹ k x{nén uvéjstvtéjkxzkntt} ly}vktvëzq·nxrq} vz
tv¡ntqq
Çjrqoknxztv uvéjs ëzqrjq téjkxzknttvxz ²ëzquvsvmq·n
xrqéjosq·tn{véutjmén·nxrvusjzqtxrvuqxsjk¹txrvu¹o
rj} kéjntq¹ vltvmv q zvmv n wvt¹zq¹ wéqk·rj vi·jp
téjkÍvl tqu wvléjoyunkjízx¹ vlqtqovxtvkt}xwvxvivk tvé
ujzqktvmv énmysqévkjtq¹ lnpxzkqp ·nsvknrj k vinxzkn vxvij¹
{véujvinxzknttvmvxvotjtq¹qvwénlnsnttpkqlvinxzkntt}
vztv¡ntqp
Îvéjs énmysqéynz wvxzywrq sílnp kv kxn} x{néj} vinxzknt
tvpqotq ²kizykzéylnktjyrn kxnunpt}qsq·t}vztv
¡ntq¹} Íéqt|qw uvéjsq k vzsq·qn vz xwn|q{q·nxrq} zénivkj
tqpwénl~¹ks¹nu}·nsvknrykrjlvpqoëzq}x{néqunízkxnvi
nn otj·ntqn q xvxzjks¹íz |nttvxztp ijoqx vinxzkj Îvéjs
tnwéqt|qw wvllnéqkjízvwénlnsnttn vinxzknttn yxzvqq
{véukojquvvztv¡ntqpkwénlnstvvinp{véunËvéuuvéj
sqkvzsq·qnvzzéjlq|qvtt}vi·jnktnzvsrvwvllnéqkjízx¹
xqsvp yxzv¹k¡nmvx¹ vinxzknttvmv wvé¹lrj xqsvp wéqk·rq q
ljksntqnu vinxzknttvmv utntq¹ tv tnwénunttv {qrxqéynzx¹ k
{véun éjosq·t} ojwvknlnp tjwéquné otjuntqzn iqisnpxrqn
©lnx¹zojwvknlnpivq}ªq wénlwqxjtqp tjwéquné ©uvéjstp
rvlnrxxzévqzns¹rvuuytqoujª
êzqrj uvéjs téjkxzknttvxz ¹ks¹nzx¹ kéjntqnu |nsvxz
tvp xqxznu kvooéntqp tj lvstyí xv|qjstyí qot xvlnéj
q}kxninzvqsqqtvnwvtqujtqnxytvxzq·nsvknrjqnmvizq¹
Òénivkjtq¹ uvéjsq ëzq·nxrqn wéqt|qw téjkxzknttn vxtv
k{véuqéyízx¹xjuvp wéjrzqrvp xv|qyujkwév|nxxnkojqutvmv
vintq¹sílnpq¹ks¹ízx¹vzviéjntqnuqotnttvwéjrzq·nxrvmv
qryszyétvqxzvéq·nxrvmvvwzjÎvéjstntvéukvxwéqtquj
ízx¹ wvkxnltnktv xqsvp ujxxvk} wéqk·nr knsntqp q v|ntvr
vinxzknttvmv utntq¹ kvxwqzkjnu} k qtlqkqln yinlntqp q
wviylntqp Æ ëzqrnuvéjsqjkzvéqznztvxzzvmvqsq qtvmvsq|j
tnuvnziztjk¹ojtjqoktnqvwénlnsntjnmvénjstvpksjxzíq

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]