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Файл:Теоретическая фонетика английского языка. Курс лекций и практикум. Учебно-методическое пособие
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6. The political rebels wanted to rebel against the world.
7. The mogul wanted to record a new record for his latest artist.
8. She makes a good delegate. She knows how to delegate authority.
9. Due to the drought, the elds didn’t produce much produce this year.
10.Unfortunately, City Hall wouldn’t permit them to get a permit.
6. Read the following words. Put down stress marks and state the origin of
words. Comment on the realization of rhythmical tendency in English accentua-
tion.
Psychology satisfactory terrorist
umbrella stiletto violoncello
décolleté impression development
administration personal archaeology
characteristic infantile distance
parenthesis phenomenon volcano
7. Study the following accentuation oppositions of compound words and word
combinations. Speak about the distinctive function of word stress. Put down ac-
cent marks. Dene each member of the opposition.
broad-arrow — broad arrow
lighthouse — light house
narrow-band — narrow band
darkroom — dark room
beggar-my-neighbour — beggar, my neighbour
best-boat — best boat
call-birds — call birds
blue-jacket — blue jacket
Exercise Block 4
1. Identify the prominent element in each statement. Explain your choice.
1. Thank you. 5. It’s getting late.
2. I’m sure she will. 6. He’s my uncle.
3. It’s raining again. 7. He’s an Accountant.
4. She’s in the dining room. 8. She told me about it.
2. What words would you make prominent in part A and part B? What
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words in part B contrast with words in part A? What words in part B offer new
information?
1. A: Do you have it in dark blue?
B: No, sorry, only light blue.
2. A: Are you feeling better?
B: Oh, yes, much better.
3. A: Should we meet at one?
B: Can we make it a quarter after one?
4. A: And the winning number is 5-4-9.
B: That’s my number.
5. A: Is he an artist?
B: Actually, a very good artist.
6. A: Did you say Tom was in the front yard?
B: No, the back yard.
3. Pronounce the disjunctive questions with a corresponding intonation
contour. Mind the stress of notional and functional parts of speech. Intone the
sentences.
1) The hat is on the shelf, isn’t it?
2) The cup isn’t on the table, is it?
3) These are cedars, aren’t these?
4) Those aren’t pines, are those?
5) You like this place, don’t you?
6) Jill won’t go to that party, will she?
7) The teacher praized my work, didn’t he?
8) Alice hasn’t got a dictionary, has she?
4. Pronounce the statements with LOW RISING / HIGH RISING intonation.
What does a low rise in this situation suggest? What may a high or sharp rise
suggest?
1. A: I’m going to California next week. B: Where?
2. A: We’re moving to New York next month. B: When are you moving?
3. A: I bought that rug in Mexico. B: Where?
4. A: I tried to call you last night. B: When?
5. A: Richard left a present for you. B: What?
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6. A: My mother works in an ofce. B: What does she do?
7. A: I have an appointment on Tuesday. B: When is your appointment?
8. A: Someone I work with gave me this cassette. B: Who?
5. Read and intone the following sentences. Make distinctions in the intonation
of imperative and exclamatory sentences. Pay attention to the position of the
nucleus.
1) Don’t take the map. Take the textbook.
2) How cruel of them to leave the baby alone!
3) Don’t give a pen to Jane. Give it to me.
4) You are absolutely right! They shouldn’t have done that.
5) Be quick. Have some coffee and toast. We must be off in a minute.
6) What a nice country house!
7) Meet my family. This is Mum and Dad.
6. Read the dialogue, paying special attention to the intonation patterns and
how these help to communicate the meaning.
NO PANCAKES FOR YOU!
A: Get me some pancakes.
B: We DON’T SERVE PANcakes.
A: Three eggs and a short stack of pancakes.
B: We DON’T SERVE pancakes.
A: What do you mean? Everybody serves pancakes.
B: WE don’t serve PANcakes.
A: For the last time ... bring me some pancakes and eggs.
B: We DON’T SERVE PA N cakes
7. Practice predicting and assigning prominence. Add additional emphasis via
volume, length, and/or pitch.
Waitress: Are you ready to order?
Customer 1: Yes, I think so.
Waitress: What will you have?
Customer 1:I think I’ll have enchiladas. Chicken enchiladas.
Waitress: Chicken enchiladas. And for you, sir?
Customer2: I’d like curry. Vegetable curry.
Waitress: Vegetable curry. OK. And how about dessert?
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Customer 1: Mm. Let me see. Maybe some pie. Apple pie.
Waitress: Apple pie. And for you?
Customer 2: I’d like cherry pie.
Waitress: OK. One apple pie and one cherry pie. Thank you.
General Revision Test 1
Difculty level: Pre Intermediate
1.The variant of a phoneme affected by the neighbouring sounds is called
a subsidiary allophone
a speech sound
a syllable
a principal allophone
2. Dialects, which differ from each other only in pronunciation, are called:
phonostyles
functional dialects
accents
idiolects
3. According to the materialistic view on the phoneme it is regarded as a three-
aspect unity including
objective
auditory
functional
material
real
generalized
acoustic
abstractional
articulatory
4.Match the words and the phonetic phenomena
witness labialization
spark loss of aspiration
dawn nasal plosion
needle false assimilation
his thing lateral plosion
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5. The role of various language units in distinguishing one sequence of sounds
(a word or a sequence of words) from another of different meaning is
the perceptive function
the semantic function
the articulatory function
the sense-distinctive function
6. The most important part of the intonation group is
nucleus
tail
body
pre-head
head
7. The stops [t-d], [k-g], [p-b] are all
plosive consonants
fricative consonants
affricates
medial sonorants
8. The branch of Phonetics studying the phonetic system in diachrony is called
historical phonetics
comparative phonetics
general phonetics
descriptive phonetics
9. In the words [di:n], [drai], [dwel], [bredӨ], [ridl], etc. we deal with different
realizations of the phoneme /d/; they are considered to be in
complementary distribution
free variation
contrastive distribution
10. The method of phonetic investigation consisting in the discovery of minimal
pairs by means of commutation test is called
distributional
experimental
semantic
11. Short stressed vowels pronounced without any decrease in the force of
45
articulation and immediately followed by consonants (e.g. [i] in the word “city”) are
called
checked
unchecked
12. The mistake that occurs when the sound [f] is substituted for the sound [Ө]
like in pairs ‘n-thin’, ‘fought-thought’, etc. is called
the phonological mistake
the phonetic mistake
13. The phonemes [w], [j], [r] possess common property. They are all sonorants
cacuminal consonants
lingual consonants
back consonants
14. Mistakes connected with the changes of the meaning of words, which pre-
vent communication are called
spelling mistakes
phonetic mistakes
phonological mistakes
orthoepic mistakes
15. Allophones of the same phoneme in different phonetic environments are
considered to be in
contrastive distribution
complementary distribution
free variation
16. The statement “In Russian as well as in English there are checked and free
vowels” is
true
false
17. The opposition of English voiced and voiceless consonant phonemes is
non-phonemic
phonemic
18. Expressing a personal attitude of the speaker towards the information
conveyed intonation performs:
the semantic function
46
the modal function
the stylistic function
the grammatical function
19. The sentence ‘Couldn’t you ‘comeˎsooner? (pronounced with the falling
tone) is
a command
an order
a request
a reproach
20. Duration is a sense-distinctive characteristics of vowels
in English
in Russian
21. The variant of a phoneme, which is considered free from the inuence of
the neighbouring sounds, is called
a speech sound
a subsidiary allophone
a syllable
a principal allophone
22. L.V. Shcherba suggested the following types of style in pronunciation:
academic style
publicistic style
colloquial style
natural style
formal style
declamatory style
full style
acquired style
23. The words “dictionary”, “ordinary”, “February”, “matrimony”, etc. have
two stresses (primary and secondary) in:
the Received Pronunciation
the Cockney dialect
the General American
24. Words or morphemes which are differentiated by only one phoneme in the
47
same position are called
syllables
subsidiary allophones
minimal pairs
allophones
25. Articulation of sonorants results in the production of
voice
noise
both noise and voice
26. Individual speech of members of the same language community
is known as:
phonostyle
functional dialect
accent
idiolect
27. In the words [ki:p], [krai], [tikl], [ku:l], etc. the sound [k] represents
different realizations of the phoneme /k/; all of them are
subsidiary allophones
principal allophones
28. The functional aspect of the system of phonemes and prosodemes
is studied in
phonology
orthoephy
morphology
morphophonetics
General Revision Test 2
Difculty level: Advanced
1.The phonetic system of a language contains
1.elementary sounds.
2. grammatical forms.
3. segmental units.
4. lexical units.
2. Segmental units constitute
48
1. syllables and rhythmic units.
2.different positions and movements of speech organs.
3.the vocalic and the consonantal subsystems.
4. intensity and duration of speech sounds.
3. Segmental units serve to form
1. morphemes, words, word-forms, utterances.
2.pitch, stress, rhythm.
3. quality, loudness, the length of speech sounds.
4.vibrations of the vocal cords, the amplitude of vibrations, the acoustic effect of
vibrations.
4. Suprasegmental (prosodic) units comprise
1. vowels, consonants, syllables, morphemes, words.
2. the subsystems of pitch, stress, rhythm, tempo, pauses.
3. segmental sounds, prosodic phenomena, intonation patterns, pitch changes,
utterances.
4. the vocalic subsystem, the consonantal subsystem, intonation groups, pitch
levels and ranges.
5. An intonation pattern (on the perceptive level) is the basic unit of intonation
consisting of three prosodic components:
1. pitch movement, loudness, duration.
2. pitch variations, speech melody, the fundamental frequency of vibrations of the
vocal cords.
3. pitch with the nucleus (a pitch-and-stress complex), loudness, tempo.
4.stressed syllables, unstressed syllables, rhythm.
6. Phonetics as a linguistic science is concerned with
1. the study of the phonetic system of a concrete language.
2. a sound-production phenomenon.
3. a sound-perception process.
4. the functional aspect of segmental sounds and prosodic phenomena.
7. A linguistic branch of phonetics dealing with functional distinctions of sound
phenomena is
1. theoretical phonetics.
2. applied phonetics.
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3. phonology.
4. general phonetics.
8. The denition of the phoneme embraces three aspects:
1.the acoustic aspect, the auditory aspect, the articulatory aspect.
2.the material aspect, the abstract aspect, the functional aspect.
3.the linguistic aspect, the physiological aspect, the psychologicalaspect.
4. the functional aspect, the phonetic aspect, the physical aspect.
9. The phonetic contexts in which subsidiary allophones of a phoneme (as
opposed to principal ones) occur are represented by
1. light, like, take it, tape it.
2. breed, breeze, port, court.
3. let them, not quite, nightmare, twice.
4.door, daughter, darn, dark.
10. The conditions for a variety of English pronunciation to be accepted as the
orthoepic norm are
1. acknowledgement of a single variety of pronunciation (RP);recognition of
the fact that RP has the “prestige accent”; the presence of factors that encourage
standardization of pronunciation.
2. registering/recording the well-established variants of pronunciation by the
pronouncing dictionaries;
3. the use of the standard pronunciation adopted by the educated people;
deviations from the norm viewed as unacceptable in any circumstances.
4. wide currency, conformity to the main phonetic tendencies, social acceptability.
intolerance of dialectal pronunciation and variants of non-standard pronunciation;
a non-regional character of pronunciation.
11. A phone as an individual sound realization (as opposed to a phoneme and
its allophone and variant) involves
1 distinctive features.
2 distinctive and contextual features.
3 distinctive, contextual and stylistic features.
4 distinctive, contextual, stylistic and personal features.
12. Regional varieties of British English (with the status of a dialect and a
national pronunciation variant) are
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