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Файл:Семинары по теории перевода. Учебное пособие
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ANOTHER GAME OF THRONES
Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon are
at each other’s throats in all sorts of ways
IT IS an epic story of warring factions in a strange and changing landscape, a
tale of incursions and sieges, of plots and betrayals, of battlefield brilliance and of
cunning with coin.
The sequence of doorstop fantasy novels that George R.R. Martin began with
“A Game of Thrones”, and which HBO has now turned into a hit television show,
provides the sort of immersive experience of an alien world that has always been
popular among techies. But these days the escapism they offer may be tinged with an
eldritch sense of recognition. Silicon Valley offers few dragons or direwolves, but Mr
Martin’s tales of a world that has lost its king echoes the reality of today’s technology
industry, where the battle lines between the four large companies seen as dominating
the consumer internet—Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon—are in furious flux.
The death last year of Steve Jobs, Apple’s monarch, robbed the technology world of
the nearest thing that it had to royalty. But even before Jobs’s passing, tension was
growing between the great powers of the web generation as the onset of mobile computing upset the previous balance of power.
The tech industry has a history of bitter rivalries: IBM and Apple in the 1980s;
Microsoft and Netscape in the 1990s. But the rivalries shaping the market today are
even richer and more complicated, not least because they have a personal edge. Three
of the big four are still run by men who made their billions as founder, or co-founder,
of their empires—Amazon’s Jeff Bezos, Google’s Larry Page and Facebook’s Mark
Zuckerberg. And although Jobs no longer rules Apple, he groomed Tim Cook, his
successor as chief executive. “In the modern history of technology we have never
seen such a highly engaged group of chief executives and founders,” says Mary
Meeker, a partner at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, a venture-capital company.
Economist
Задание 4. Проанализируйте следующие экономические термины, приведенные
с описанием, определив их образную основу, и подберите им русские соответствия, сохраняя метафоричность.
1. The front-line manager is the most important two-way communicator in any
business.
2. When prices are falling, people talk about a bear market, and if they think
prices will continue to fall, they are bearish.
3. Prices tend to rise only a little on bullish developments, and they fall more on
bearish ones.
4. GM and Ford have used luxury cars as cash cows.
5. "Golden handshake" is a rather new term used now in English.
6. Do you know what the term "golden parachute" means? It's part of a business
person's contract that states that they will be paid a large amount of money
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when their contract ends or when they leave the company.
7. By "golden hello "we mean a large amount of money paid by an employer to
secure the long-term loyalty of a key employee.
8. Among the neologisms we can also mention the term "green mail". It has noth-
ing to do with mail. You should grasp it as a single unit. It means the practice
of buying stock in your own company, usually at a high price. You buy the
stock not to allow to take control of your company.
9. The term "macaroni defense" implies a mass issue of bonds that have to be
paid off at a higher price in case of a takeover of a company. This is done to
prevent a likely takeover.
10. Political mileage is a new expression used in political English. It means one's
experience (record) in politics.
11. The longer is your record, the longer the mileage.
12. A financial merry-go-round is a new term. What it means you can guess if you
interpret the word merry-go-round figuratively.
Задание 6. Следующие примеры рекламных текстов построены на метафориче-
ских оборотах. Подберите соответствия английским метафорам на русском
языке, по возможности сохраняя единство рекламного текста.
1. Red Bull gives you wings.
2. Like a precious treasure, the walnut is hidden in its shell. It forms a solid armour
which protects the fruit as you would protect yourself with a helmet. We offer our
clients a symbolic helmet, which protects you from the impact of incidents and unforeseen circumstances, adapted to your personal situation and insurance needs.
3. The future is orange. (Orange Mobile)
4. Skittles – taste the rainbow.
5. Dr Pepper – “What’s the Worst That Could Happen?”
6. "Life is a journey. Enjoy the Ride." (Nissan)
7. "Life's a journey--travel light" (Hugo Boss Perfume)
8. "Your Daily Ray of Sunshine"(Tropicana)
9. EXCALIBUR. A legendary watch for day and knight. For the man whose time has
come. The watch dial gleams with the image of the legendary Excalibur, "Sword in
the Stone". Only the noble King Arthur had the power to remove it. And with this
mighty feat he became the king of the realm. Excalibur the sword. On a watch for the
man who rules his own destiny.
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СЕМИНАР 17
СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИЕМЫ ПЕРЕВОДА:
МЕТОНИМИЧЕСКИЕ ЕДИНИЦЫ
Вопросы
1. Полный перевод.
2. Структурное преобразование.
3. Семантическое преобразование.
4. Функциональное преобразование.
5. Полное преобразование.
Литература
1. Казакова Т. А. Практические основы перевода. English↔ Russian: учебное
пособие. - СПб.: Лениздат; Изд-во "Союз", 2002. — С. 259-273.
2. Влахов С., Флорин С. Непереводимое в переводе. - М.: Междунар. отношения, 1980.
Задание 1. В следующих предложениях проанализируйте метонимические обо-
роты и переведите предложения, соблюдая правила воссоздания метонимии.
1. "In Stockholm, Sweden, where Obama was traveling on Wednesday, the White
House praised the vote and said that it would continue to seek support for a
'military response....'" (David Espo, "Obama Wins Backing From Senate Panel
on Syria Strike." Associated Press, September 5, 2013)
2. England decides to keep check on immigration.
3. The pen is mightier than the sword.
4. "Whitehall prepares for a hung parliament." (The Guardian, January 1, 2009)
5. Let me give you a hand.
6. “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.” (Shakespeare’s “Julies
Caesar”).
7. He is a man of cloth'.
'He writes with a fine hand'.
'We have always remained loyal to the crown', that means the people are loyal
to the king or the ruler of their country.
'The House was called to order'.
8. "Fear gives wings."(Romanian proverb)
9. "He used the events to show the Silicon Valley crowd that he was just like
them--and that he understood their financial needs better than the suits on Wall
Street." (Businessweek, 2003)
10. The ham sandwich left a big tip.
Задание 2. В следующем тексте определите общую функцию метонимии и пе-
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реведите текст на русский язык, следуя правилам метонимических преобразований.
What I like most about England is the civilised quality of living there, the comfort
and convenience of the public transport, the English pubs, and the milk and the
newspapers delivered to your door. I still remember roast Angus, and a wine bar in
the Strand where we used to go every Wednesday to eat Stilton. There are values
which must be preserved if England becomes continental — and this is quite likely,
when we get our cooking from Paris, our politics from Moscow, and our morals from
Cairo. As soon as we stop to cite John Ruskin, to time Lennon and McCartney, to
role-play Shakespeare and to trust in Time, we are the lost nation on the way to no-
where.
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СЕМИНАР 18
ПРИЕМЫ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ИРОНИИ В ПЕРЕВОДЕ
Вопросы
1. Полный перевод.
2. Расширение.
3. Антонимический перевод.
4. Добавление.
5. Культурно-ситуативная замена.
Литература
1. Казакова Т.А. Практические основы перевода. English↔ Russian: учебное пособие. - СПб.: Лениздат; Изд-во "Союз", 2002. — С. 273-293.
2. Влахов С., Флорин С. Непереводимое в переводе. - М.: Междунар. отношения, 1980.
Задание 1. Переведите текст, сохраняя общую ироническую основу.
Hell on Wheels
By Alison Powers
“I'm not very good at vacations. I bring the wrong books, am afraid to tan and slur
my words after one banana daiquiri. But this vacation was going to be different: a
guided bicycle trip through the vineyards and rolling hills of France's Burgundy region. The brochure promised tree-lined back roads and a "leisurely pace ideal for the
Sunday cyclist." I sent off my deposit with the clear and compelling image of myself
in a flower-print sundress, a fresh baguette in my front basket, pedaling and waving
"Bonjour!" to the friendly villagers.
Day 1: With 22 other Americans, I arrive by bus at a vine-covered chateau. I change
into my best khaki shorts for our get-acquainted ride and wait in the garden for my
fellow cyclists. First to join me is a man in neon spandex bicycle shorts, matching bicycle jersey, bicycle gloves and bicycle racing helmet. His black bicycle shoes cause
him to hobble slightly as he walks. I smile reassuringly at him, certain that he feels
ridiculous.
But wait! Here comes a woman in an equally elaborate outfit. Then another, and another, until it dawns on me that I will be spending the next seven days on the road
with a group of toe-clip savvy, semiprofessional cyclists who reached optimal body
fat ratios several thousand miles ago.
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Day 2: The ride begins with a lecture from our guide on the importance of cycling together as a group. A few minutes later, my fellow cyclists, all jockeying for lead position, shrink to black specks on the horizon. Today, I perfect the French phrases for
the following: "Have you seen a great number of bicycles?" "Yes, I am very tired."
"One Orangina, please."
Day 3: From the beginning, I've complained to my guide that my bicycle is hard to
pedal. Finally, I refuse to go another quarter of a kilometer until he takes a look. He
quickly determines that for three days I've been cycling with one brake shoe locked
against the front tire rim.
Day 4: Serious trouble. After five hours on the road, I'm having chest pain and can't
breathe. Gasping, I careen off the road clutching my chest, only to discover that my
money belt, ordinarily cinched around my waist, has crept up in ever-tightening circles to just under my new sports bra.
Day 5: Lost again, on a hot, humid afternoon in the middle of a bleak residential area.
I reach down for my water bottle and find it empty. So I do what any seasoned traveler would do. I slide off my bike, lift it high above my head and heave it to the pavement. Then I rip the bright yellow helmet off my dripping head and hurl it into a concrete wall.
Day 6: Villagers at a small town see 22 bronzed, very determined cyclists streaming
in synchronized precision through the main street. Hours later, a wheezing woman in
baggy khaki shorts, filthy from a greasy bicycle chain, pedals slowly after them.
Spectators gather along the sidewalk, clapping and shouting "Bravo! Allez!" My
moment has finally come. I manage a weak smile.
Day 7: The best day of the trip. I ride with the luggage in the support van.
Next summer? I just read about a fantastic opportunity to go kayaking among glaciers
in Alaska. "Perfect," says the brochure, "for beginning paddlers." Thanks, but I think
I'll stay home and mow the lawn.”
Smithsonian magazine, August 1998
Задание 2. Определите в следующих примерах различные виды иронии и пере-
ведите предложения на русский язык.
1. I did not see Strickland for several weeks. I was disgusted with him, and if I had
had an opportunity should, have been glad to tell him so, but I saw no object in seek-
ing him out for the purpose.
2. Dick Stroeve flattered himself on his skill in cooking Italian dishes, and I confess
that his spaghetti were very much better than his pictures.
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3. His life was a tragedy written in the terms of a knock-about farce.
4. A photograph could not have been more exact than his pictures to look at which
you would have thought that Monet, Manet, and the rest of the Impressionists had
never been.
5. She was making money but she could not get over the idea that to earn her living
was somewhat undignified, and she was inclined to remind you that she was a lady by
birth.
6. The women were too nice to be well-dressed, and too sure of their position to be
amusing.
7. There was about all of them an air of well-satisfied prosperity; each one talked to
his neighbour, to his neighbour on the right during the soup, fish, and entree', to his
neighbour on the left during the roast, sweet, and savoury.
8. It was the kind of the party which makes you wonder why the hostess has troubled
to bid her guests, and why the guests have troubled to come.
9. I used to listen with astonishment to the stinging humour with which they would
tear a brother-author to pieces the moment that his back was turned.
57
What is BNC?
How many words it contains?
What styles/text types?
% of spoken texts?
Old English texts?
What are the BNC main uses?
Is it free?
How to acquire it?
What is BNC Simple search?
How to use it?
What is CQL?
What is SARA?
What is Xaira? Why such silly
name?
Are they free? How to acquire?
СЕМИНАР 19
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ПЕРЕВОДЧИКА
Вопросы
1. Кто и когда положил начало теории и практике машинного перевода?
2. Как развивалась концепция машинного перевода в истекшие полвека? Каковы основные неудачи и достижения?
3. Электронные словари: их преимущества перед традиционными, виды, опции.
4. Системы машинного перевода: основные проблемы, состояние на данном
этапе развития.
5. Системы ассоциативной памяти (translation memory): плюсы и минусы
6. Как вам видятся перспективы этого направления прикладной лингвистики?
7. Каковы возможности Интернет в работе переводчика?
8. Лингвистические корпуса, их характеристики и возможности.
Литература
1. Город переводчиков http://www.trworkshop.net/
2. Персональный сайт Чужакина А.П. http://apchuzhakin.narod.ru
3. Форум ассоциации лексикографов Lingvo http://www.lingvoda.ru/forum
4. Думать вслух – ресурс Д.М. Бузаджи et al (МГЛУ)http://www.thinkaloud.ru
5. British National Corpus http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/
Задание 1. Найдите в Интернете и заполните таблицу для веб-квеста, посвя-
щенного Британскому национальному корпусу, приведенную ниже.
58
Задание 2. Проведите эксперимент.
Воспользуйтесь on-line переводчиками или, при наличии, установленными собственными программами по автоматическому переводу текстов. Выявите, какой вид текста наиболее переводим для выбранной программы, а какой дает
наихудший результат. Проанализируйте переводы. Выявите их сильные и слабые стороны.
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СЕМИНАР 20
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЭТИКА ПЕРЕВОДЧИКА
Вопросы
1. Моральные принципы переводчика.
2. Нормы профессионального поведения переводчика.
3. Профессиональная пригодность и профессиональные требования.
4. Правовой и общественный статус переводчика.
5. Отличия переводчиков от непереводческой языковой личности.
Литература
1. Алексеева И.С. Введение в переводоведение. СПб.: Филологический факультет СПбГУ; М.: Изд. центр «Академия», 2004. 352 с.
3. Сдобников В.В., Петрова О.В. Теория перевода. — М.: АСТ: Восток Запад,
2006. 448 с.
5. Чужакин А., Палажченко П. Мир перевода, или Вечный поиск взаимопони-
мания. М., 1999.
7. Миньяр-Белоручев Р.К. Как стать переводчиком? - отв. ред. М.Я. Блох. М.:
Готика, 1999. 176 с.
8. Мирам Г.Э. Переводные картинки. Профессия: переводчик. Киев: Ника-
Центр, Эльга, 2001. 336 с.
Задание 1. Предложите правильный, с вашей точки зрения, вариант поведения
переводчика в следующих ситуациях.
1. При переводе официальных переговоров переводчик не понял сути высказывания одной из сторон из-за незнания ключевых слов.
2. В монологическом высказывании, переводимом последовательно, оратор
позволяет себе оскорбительные высказывания в адрес национальности, к которой принадлежит переводчик, страны, гражданином которой является переводчик и прочие неполиткорректные высказывания.
3. В обстановке непринужденного общения заказчик перевода явно не понимает, какое символическое, но культурнозначимое действие необходимо совершить. Для всех присутствующих это ясно «без слов».
4. Участники конференции в разговоре между собой неуважительно отзываются о заказчике перевода, заведомо зная, что он не владеет русским языком.
5. Заказчик требует от переводчика выполнения функций, прямо не связанных с
переводом (принести кофе, размножить документы), и т.д.
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