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Файл:Охрана труда. Учебное пособие
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ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ
1. Ʉɧɹɡɟɜɚ Ɇ. ɇ. Ɉɯɪɚɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɋɉɈ / Ʉɧɹɡɟɜɚ Ɇ. ɇ. –
ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ: ɉɪɨɮɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, 2021. – 247 c.
2. ɋɚɬɨɧɢɧɚ ɇ. ɇ. Ɉɯɪɚɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɋɉɈ / ɋɚɬɨɧɢ-
ɧɚ ɇ. ɇ., ɋɭɥɬɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ȼ., ɑɟɱɢɧɚ Ɉ. ɋ. – ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ: ɉɪɨɮɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, 2021. –
160 c.
3. ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ ɂɋɈ 45001-2020 «ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟ-
ɪɚɰɢɢ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ».
4. ɋɨɥɨɩɨɜɚ ȼ. Ⱥ. Ɉɯɪɚɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ
ɜɚ ȼ. Ⱥ. – ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ: ɉɪɨɮɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, 2019. – 125 c.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
1. Ʉɚɪɧɚɭɯ, ɇ. ɇ. Ɉɯɪɚɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ: ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ / ɇ. ɇ. Ʉɚɪɧɚɭɯ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɘɪɚɣɬ, 2019. – 380 ɫ.
2. Ɋɨɞɢɨɧɨɜɚ, Ɉ. Ɇ. Ɇɟɞɢɤɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɯɪɚɧɚ
ɬɪɭɞɚ: ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ / Ɉ. Ɇ. Ɋɨɞɢɨɧɨɜɚ, Ⱦ. Ⱥ. ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ:
3. Ȼɭɥɝɚɤɨɜ Ⱥ. Ȼ. Ɉɯɪɚɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ: ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɋɉɈ / Ȼɭɥɝɚɤɨɜ Ⱥ. Ȼ. –
ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ: ɉɪɨɮɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, 2021. – 116 c. – ISBN 978-5-4488-1136-4. – Ɍɟɤɫɬ:
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ // ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ IPR BOOKS: [ɫɚɣɬ]. – URL:
http://www.iprbookshop.ru/105149.html (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 07.07.2021). – Ɋɟɠɢɦ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɢɪ. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
4. ɋɢɦɚɤɨɜɚ ɇ. ɇ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ: ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ ɞɥɹ ɋɉɈ / ɋɢɦɚɤɨɜɚ ɇ.
1182-1. – Ɍɟɤɫɬ: ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ // ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ IPR BOOKS:
[ɫɚɣɬ]. – URL: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/106625.html (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ:
07.07.2021). — Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɢɪ. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɇ. – ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ: ɉɪɨɮɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, 2021. – 164 c. – ISBN 978-5-4488-
ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɘɪɚɣɬ, 2019. – 441 ɫ.
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɋɉɈ / ɋɨɥɨɩɨ-
141
ɈɌȼȿɌɕ Ʉ ɌȿɋɌȺɆ
Ʉ ɝɥɚɜɟ 1
1–3; 2–3; 3–2; 4–4; 5–3; 6–3; 7–4; 8–3; 9–3; 10–2; 11–1.
Ʉ ɝɥɚɜɟ 2
1–2; 2–3; 3–3.
Ʉ ɝɥɚɜɟ 3
1–1; 2–2; 3–1; 4–3; 5–2; 6–1; 7–1.
Ʉ ɝɥɚɜɟ 4
1–3; 2–2; 3–1; 4–2; 5–2.
Ʉ ɝɥɚɜɟ 5
1–3; 2–2; 3–2; 4–1; 5–1.
Ʉ ɝɥɚɜɟ 6
1–3; 2–3; 3–2; 4–2; 5–1; 6–2; 7–3; 8–2; 9–2.
Ʉ ɝɥɚɜɟ 7
1–3; 2–2; 3–2; 4–3; 5–4; 6–4.
Ʉ ɝɥɚɜɟ 8
1–3; 2–5; 3–2; 4–3; 5–3.
142
ȽɅɈɋɋȺɊɂɃ
Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ – ɷɬɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɜɨɡ-
ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ.
Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ – ɷɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ
ɥɢɛɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɵ.
Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ – ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɭɤɚ, ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ.
ɂɧɰɢɞɟɧɬ (incident) – ɧɟɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ
ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɞɲɟɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɥɟɤɲɟɟ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹ.
Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬ (ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ) ɩɨ
ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬ, ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ.
Ʉɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ (competent person) – ɥɢɰɨ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
Ʉɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ (competent institution) – ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧ
ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɋɍɈɌ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ
ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ.
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ (surveillance of the working
environment) – ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɬɪɭ-
ɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨ-
ɜɢɣ
ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ
ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɪɢɫɤ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ (workers’ health
surveillance) – ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɧɨɪɦɵ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɦɵɯ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ. ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ
ɨɫɦɨɬɪɵ, ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɢɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ.
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɨɫ
ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ (safety and health committee) –
143
ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ
ɇɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ (continual improvement) – ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɍɈɌ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɈɌ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ (hazard) – ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ, ɨɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ.
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ (organization) – ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ, ɮɢɪɦɚ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬ, ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɜɨɞ, ɮɚɛɪɢɤɚ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ, ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɬ. ɩ., ɥɢɛɨ ɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: ȼ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ
ɮɢɥɢɚɥɵ (ɢɥɢ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ), ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɵɣ ɮɢɥɢɚɥ (ɢɥɢ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɤɚɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣ (hazard assessment) – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɢɫɤɚ (risk assessment) – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ.
ɉɨɞɪɹɞɱɢɤ (contractor) – ɥɢɰɨ ɢɥɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɸ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɫɪɨɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ.
ɉɨɠɚɪɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ, ɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɧɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ (workers representative) – ɥɸɛɵɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɟ
ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ:
– ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɸɡɨɜ, ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɸɡɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɨɜ;
– ɜɵɛɨɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ-
ɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢɥɢ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ, ɢ ɱɶɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɚ
ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɪɨɝɚɬɢɜɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɸɡɨɜ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ (workers’ safety and health
representative) – ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɨ-
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ (audit) – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɨɛɥɸ-
ɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɭɸ ɜɧɟɲɧɸɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ
(ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɳɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ).
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ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɟ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ. Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ: ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɵɥɟɜɵɟ
ɛɪɨɧɯɢɬɵ, ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ, ɨɬɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɬɪɚɬɨɣ ɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ (worksite) – ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɚɹɫɹ
ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ, ɝɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɭɞɚ ɟɦɭ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɢɹ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ, ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɰɟɥɶ
ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ
ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɢɫɤ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬ-
ɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ (worker) – ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɜɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɟ ɜ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ (employer) – ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ (ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ), ɜɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɟ ɜ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɦ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ (workers and their representatives) –
ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɦ
, ɝɞɟ ɫɭ-
ɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ, ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɹɦ ɫ
ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ – ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 2 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
ɩɨɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ
(ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ) ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ. Ʉ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ,
ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50 % ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚ ɫɦɟɧɭ ɢɥɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ, ɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ.
Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ – ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ, ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ (ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ), ɨɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
(ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ) ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɨɜ.
Ɋɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ (reactive monitoring) – ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ-
ɧɢɸ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɍɈɌ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ, ɩɪɨɮɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɰɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ.
Ɋɢɫɤ (risk) – ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟɦ.
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ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɯɪɚɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ (occupational safety and health
management system) – ɧɚɛɨɪ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɨɛɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ.
Ɍɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ (active monitoring) – ɬɟɤɭɳɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɸ ɡɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɋɍɈɌ ɩɨ
ɭɫɬɚ-
ɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɧɚɭɤɚ, ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ
ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɟɺ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ, ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ. Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ.
Ɍɪɚɜɦɵ, ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ
ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ (work-
related injuries, ill health and diseases) – ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
x ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɸɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ
ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɟ – ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ, ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɪ.;
x ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ: ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɩɨɡɚ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ,
ɧɟɪɜɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɪ., ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɬɪɭɞɚ;
x ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ: ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ,
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ, ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɞɪ.;
x ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ
ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɭɝɢ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɢ
ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɗɪɝɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ (ɨɬ ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ: ergon – ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɢ nomos – ɡɚɤɨɧ
) – ɷɬɨ ɧɚɭɤɚ, ɢɡɭ-
ɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ,
ɨɪɭɞɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɬ. ɩ., ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɸ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɸ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɞɪ.
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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ Ⱥ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ ɂɋɈ
45001-2020 «ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ.
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ»
Ⱥ.1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ. ɏɨɬɹ ɷɬɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬɫɹ
ɧɢɹɦɢ, ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɫ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬ. ɟ. ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ.
Ⱥ.2. ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɈɁȻɌ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɂɋɈ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ.
Ⱥ.3. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɦ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 3, ɢ ɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɚɧɵ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ
a) ɫɥɨɜɨ «ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ» ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɨ ɫ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ (ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ «ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ», ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɨɜ). «ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ», ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɣ;
b) ɫɥɨɜɨ «ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ» ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ, ɧɨ
ɨɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ, ɧɨ ɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ;
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɵ. «ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ» ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ «ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ» ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ «ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵɣ/ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ»
ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ
ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ, ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ;
ɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɚɦɢ, ɬ. ɤ. ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɫɦɵɫɥ;
ɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ;
ɬɵ, ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ «ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɚɤ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ...» ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ, ɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ «ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ» – ɞɥɹ
ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ; ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ «ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ»
c) ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ «ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ» ɢ «ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵɣ/ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ» ɧɟ
d) ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ «ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ», «ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ» ɹɜɥɹ-
e) ɫɥɨɜɨ «ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ» ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ-
f) ɬɟɪɦɢɧ «ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ»
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɝɭɳɢɣ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
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ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ-
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦ:
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧ-
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ. ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ «ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɚɤ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ...» ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɥɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ. ɇɨ ɨɧɨ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɢɩ
ɡɚɩɢɫɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ;
g) ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ «ɩɨɞ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ» ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɧɚɞ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɟɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɈɁȻɌ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ.
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɜ
ɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ.
Ⱥ.4. ɋɪɟɞɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ⱥ.4.1. ɉɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɉɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɢ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ
ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:
ɚ) ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ:
1) ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨ-
ɜɵɟ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɟɣ, ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ;
2) ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɞɪɹɞɱɢɤɨɜ, ɫɭɛɩɨɞɪɹɞɱɢɤɨɜ, ɩɨ-
ɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ, ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɚɣɞɟɪɨɜ, ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɢ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɣ;
3)
ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɬɪɭɞɚ;
4) ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶɸ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ;
5) ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ
ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ;
6) ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ;
b) ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ:
1)
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɪɨɥɢ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ;
2) ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ;
3) ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɵ, ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ);
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4) ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ (ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ);
5) ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨ-
ɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
6) ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ;
7) ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ;
8) ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ, ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ
;
9) ɮɨɪɦɚ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝ;
10) ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ;
11) ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;
12) ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ.
Ⱥ.4.2. ɉɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɡɚ-
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ
Ɂɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ
ɫɟɛɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ:
a) ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ (ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɨɛ-
ɥɚɫɬɧɵɟ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ);
b) ɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ;
c) ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ, ɩɨɞɪɹɞɱɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɭɛɩɨɞɪɹɞɱɢɤɨɜ;
d) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ;
e) ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɩɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɵ) ɢ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚ-
ɬɟɥɟɣ;
f) ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɜ, ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ, ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ;
g) ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɋɆɂ, ɧɚɭɱ-
ɧɵɟ ɤɪɭɝɢ, ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɇɉɈ);
h) ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫ-
ɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ.
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɢɧɵɟ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ).
Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɚ ɢɯ, ɨɧɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ.
Ⱥ.4.3. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ. Ƚɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ
ɫɟɛɹ ɜɫɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜ
ɬɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ.
Ⱦɨɜɟɪɢɟ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ ɨɬ ɜɵ-
ɛɨɪɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɢɫ-
149
ɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɈɁȻɌ, ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ.
Ⱥ.4.4. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ, ɤɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɚ:
a) ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ, ɢ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ
ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ;
b) ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ, ɡɚɤɭɩɤɢ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ ɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ).
ȿɫɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ (ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɬɨ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ(ɵɯ) ɱɚɫɬɢ(ɹɯ) ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵ ɤ ɷɬɨɣ (ɷɬɢɦ)
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ(ɵɦ) ɱɚɫɬɢ(ɹɦ), ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɢ ɨɧɢ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɈɁȻɌ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɤɭɩɤɚɦɢ.
Ⱥ.5. Ʌɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ
Ⱥ.5.1. Ʌɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
Ʌɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɫɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɟɸ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧɨ
ɥɢɱɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ
ɢɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ.
Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɲɢɦ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɜɡɝɥɹɞɚɯ,
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ, ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɢɥɶ
ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ. ɗɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɦ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɢ, ɨɛɳɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɁȻɌ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɈɁȻɌ ɢ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɨ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɨɳ-
ɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɨɛ ɢɧɰɢɞɟɧɬɚɯ, ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɪɢɫɤɚɯ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ-
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