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Файл:Образование и воспитание наций в дошкольном детстве = Nation' s Education in the early years. Учебно-методическое пособие
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MODULE 1
№№
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
1
2 3 4
№№
Words
Antonyms
1
Familiar, adj.
2 Personal, adj.
3
Accustomed, Part II /
Past Simple
4
Possible, adj.
5 Fortunately, adv.
6 Dependent, adj.
CHILD’S EDUCATION IN THE EARLY YEARS
VOCABULARY ENTRY
Exercise 1. Translate these groups of words. Mind the suffixes and prefixes.
a) special – specialist – specialty – specially – specialization
b) satisfy – satisfactory – satisfaction
c) individual – individuality – individualize – individualistic – individualization
d) respect – respectful – respectfully – respectable – respectability
e) familiar – familiarity – familiarization – familiarize n – unfamiliar
f) educate – educated – education – educator – educational g) depend – dependent –
dependence – independence
Exercise 2. Arrange the following nouns, verbs, adjectives into three columns
according to the part of speech. Read and translate them.
appreciation, special, develop, active, essential, responsibility, experience, belong,
overcome
Exercise 3. Form antonyms to the following words by adding negative prefixes.
Exercise 4. Translate the pairs of sentences paying attention to the underlined words.
State what parts of speech they are.
1) The nursery teacher must help little people to become social beings. The little girl
thanked her mother for help.
2) Mother asked the children to place all the toys in the box. The teacher must do
everything in her power to give each child the feeling that he has his own special place in the
nursery.
3) Little children must drink boiled water. Children like to water flowers.
4) Children like to play in the open air. A child brings imagination into play.
31
Exercise 5. State the meaning of the underlined word-combinations without using a
dictionary.
1) Individual instincts are older and stronger than social ones.
2) Children should be physically active most of the day.
3) A child brings great concentration when washing hands, there are so many movements
to coordinate.
4) Each child has his own special symbol on each of his possessions – his towel, brush and
comb.
5) Mealtimes in the nursery school are pleasant social functions.
6) The act of hanging a towel on its hook represents a real achievement in which they
experience the satisfaction of work well done.
Exercise 6. Fill in the blanks with one of the words given in the list below.
1) At two years of age a child is very dependent on ___ .
2) Little jobs give the child an opportunity ___ a sense of responsibility.
3) Each child should have some ___ which are entirely his.
4) He has his own particular ___ in the cloakroom.
5) Young children are very susceptible to ___.
6) Children should be physically ___ most of the day.
__________________________
active, adj., belongings, n, adults, n, infection, n, to develop, v, peg, n.
READING COMPREHENSION
Exercise 1. Scan the text below, find international words and guess the meaning.
Exercise 2. Scan the text and define the main idea of it.
Exercise 3. Scan the text and tell:
a) what is new for you;
b) what is not new for you:
c) what you want to know on the problem discussed in the text.
Exercise 4. Study Reading.
NURSERY EDUCATION
1. When a small child enters the nursery school he is usually the complete individualist.
Individual instincts are older and stronger than social ones, and the task of the nursery teacher is to
help these little people to become social beings. The task is very difficult. The teacher must be on
the watch day in and day out for opportunities for social training, and opportunities to inculcate
social consciousness.
2. This is one of the reasons why the nursery school insists that each child should have
some belongings
1
which are entirely his. He has his own special picture or symbol on each of
these possessions — his towel, brush and comb all bear his individual mark. He has his own
particular peg in the cloakroom for his hat and coat. Respect for the property of others must be
based on the appreciation of one's belongings. The educational significance of individual towels,
combs arid so forth — is of great hygienic value. Scrupulous cleanliness and attention to physical
well-being2 are of first importance because young children are very susceptible to infection3 and
lack of cleanliness is a constant menace to health.
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3. Food is another important consideration in the nursery school – food for mind and
№№
Groups of words
1
to inculcate social consciousness
2 an educational significance
3 a need for security
4 a scrupulous cleanliness
5 to develop a sense of responsibility
6 a mental development
7 a physical development
8 a formation of good physical habits
9 a satisfaction of work
№№
Sentences in Russian
English equivalents
1
Маленький ребенок поступает в детский сад.
2
У каждого ребенка должны быть свои
собственные принадлежности.
body. Mealtimes in the nursery school are pleasant functions. The food is well cooked and daintily
served. It is surprising how soon children begin to relish unaccustomed food, and it is one of the
aims of the teachers to overcome a child's distaste for the unfamiliar and teach him to appreciate a
dish he has not seen before.
4. Perhaps the greatest need of the small child is for security. Life is full of strangeness
when one is small. At two years of age a child is very dependent on adults. For him his mother and
home represent the security for which he craves, and the nursery teacher has to become a
mother-substitute. The need for security is felt by all children, whether they are two or twelve, but
the younger the child the more vital the need, and the nursery teacher must do everything in her
power to give each child the feeling that the nursery belongs to him, that he has his own special
place there and that he is loved and will be missed if he does not come to school.
5. Little jobs, such as caring for flowers, helping to give out toys, dusting and
sweeping, all help and give the child an opportunity to develop a sense of responsibility and a
feeling of usefulness.
6. It is by play in open spaces that mental and physical development are fostered in a
nursery school. Fresh air is essential. Children should be out of doors as much as possible if they
are to grow strong and healthy, and they should be physically active most of the day. A healthy
child is the child who is full of activity and curiosity.
7. The formation of good physical habits is one of the aims of education in the early
years and fortunately the child delights in imitating adults and trying to carry out the usages of
everyday life. So we find him bringing great concentration to the business, say, of washing hands,
in which there are so many movements to co-ordinate. Sleeves must be rolled up, soap grasped,
used and returned to the soap-dish, one's own towel distinguished from the others and removed
from its own hook, one's hands dried and the towel hung up again. Two-year-olds will be slow at
this. The act of hanging a towel on its hook calls for co-ordination of hand and eye and represents
a real achievement in which they experience the satisfaction of work well done.
______________________
Notes
1
belongings — принадлежности 2 physical well-being — хорошее самочувствие
(физическое)
3
susceptible to infection — восприимчивы к инфекции
Exercise 5. Define these English word-combinations to Russian equivalents.
Exercise 6. Find English equivalents in the text corresponding to the following.
33
3
Маленькие дети очень подвержены
инфекции
4
Постоянная угроза здоровью.
5
Полюбить (оценить) еду, которую он
раньше не пробовал.
6
Ребенок очень зависит от взрослых.
7
Дети должны быть на воздухе как можно
больше.
8
Чтобы повесить полотенце на крючок,
необходима координация движений рук и
глаз.
Exercise 7. Complete the following sentences according to the text. Translate them
into Russian.
1) Individual instincts are older and stronger than social ones, and ... .
2) This is one of the reasons why the nursery school insists that ... .
3) Scrupulous cleanliness and attention to physical well-being ... .
4) It is surprising how soon children ... .
5) The need for security is felt by all children ... .
6) It is by play in open spaces ... .
7) Children should be out of doors ... .
8) The formation of good physical habits ... .
9) The act of hanging a towel on its hook ... .
Exercise 8. Agree or disagree to the following statements.
1) When a small child enters the nursery school he is not an individualist.
2) A child has his own towel, brush and comb.
3) Young children are not susceptible to infection.
4) At two years of age a child is not dependent on adults.
5) Little jobs give the child an opportunity to develop a sense of responsibility.
6) A healthy child is the child who is full of activity and curiosity.
7) Fresh air is not essential for a child.
8) The act of hanging a towel on its hook calls for co-ordination of hand and eye.
Exercise 9. Annotate the text ―Nursery education‖. Use the guidelines to annotate a
text.
SPEECH PRACTICE
Exercise 1. Group Work. Prove the statements below by facts, provisions and ideas in
the text. Use Transition and Linking Phrases in English to Communicate Well By Linking
Ideas in a Logical Way.
a) the greatest need of the small child;
b) the importance of fresh air in the development of a child.
Exercise 2. Roundtable. Use algorithm to roundtable running.
Exercise 3. Colloquium. Discuss the questions with the partner / group mate / the
teacher. Support the answers to the following questions by scientific foundations.
34
1) What is the task of a nursery school teacher?
2) Should each child have his own belongings?
3) Does a child learn to appreciate one's own belongings?
4) Are young children susceptible to infection?
5) What can you say about the food mealtimes in the nursery school?
6) What is the greatest need of the small child?
7) What is the role of the nursery school teacher? What must the teacher do in this respect?
8) Can the child fulfill little jobs?
9) How long should the child be out of doors?
10) Is it difficult for a small child to wash hands?
Exercise 4. Compose a cluster. Use recommendations to the guidelines to model a map.
Exercise 5. Project Work. Organization of work with nursery school children in
preschool educational establishment you work. Use recommendations to Project running.
Exercise 6. Essay “My experience in field of nursery education“. Use a brief list of
transitional words that help to connect paragraphs of the essay
Exercise 7. Role Play. Conference “Nursery education as a stage of educational
system”. Use recommendations to role play running.
35
MODULE II
№№
Words
Part of speech
Transcription
Translation
1
exceptional
2 discover
3 observation
4 illness
5 excessive
6 indicate
7 assistance
8 maintain
9 serious
HOW TO EDUCATE AN EXCEPTIONAL PRESCHOOL CHILD
VOCABULARY ENTRY
Exercise 1. Guess the meaning of international words.
action, n; agency, n plan, v; class, n; classroom, n; colour, n; condition, n; diagnosis, n;
problem, n; maximum, n; symptom, n; test, n; toilet, n; active, adj, emotional, adj; mental, adj;
physical, adj; serious, adj; special, adj; service, n; diagnose, v
Exercise 2. Translate the sentences without using a dictionary.
1) Certain physical handicaps are discovered through physical examinations.
2) The child who is not happy, active, interested is a sick child, mentally, physically or
emotionally.
3) A child's complaints of aches and pains in arms or legs may indicate the beginning of a
serious health problem.
4) If these symptoms are investigated early, a long period of severe illness may be
prevented.
5) A teacher should be so attentive to a child's words and actions that no sign of physical or
emotional difficulty will escape her.
6) Under no circumstances should the teacher diagnose or prescribe treatment.
Exercise 3. Translate these groups of words. Mind the suffixes and prefixes.
certain — certainly — uncertain
possible — possibly — possibility — impossible
health — healthy — unhealthy
observe — observer — observation — observational
use — used — useful — useless
persist — persistence — persistent
special — specialist — speciality — specially
response — responsibility — responsible — irresponsibility
Exercise 4. Arrange the following verbs, nouns, adjectives into three columns according
to the part of speech. Read and translate them.
36
Exercise 5. Form antonyms to the following words by adding prefixes.
№№
Words
Antonyms
1
Certain, adj.
2 Possible, adj.
3 Healthy, adj.
4 decided
5 Adequate, adj.
6 Happy, adj.
7 Use, v
8 Desirable, adj.
Exercise 6. Translate the pairs of sentences paying attention to the underlined words.
State what parts of speech they are.
1) The result of the experiment was very interesting. In many instances helping the child to
gain good physical health will result in the elimination of his emotional problems.
2) The slightest trouble in a child should be observed by the teacher. He asked me not to
trouble him.
3) By her alertness in observing symptoms of illness the teacher can stop serious sickness.
The tram stop is not far from our house.
4) They decided to part. I like the first part of the book.
READING COMPREHENSION
Exercise 1. Scan the text and define the main idea of it.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2. Scan the text and tell:
a) what is new for you;
b) what is not new for you:
c) what you want to know on the problem discussed in the text.
Exercise 3. Study Reading.
IDENTIFYING THE EXCEPTIONAL CHILD
1. The first step in planning work for the exceptional child is to discover his presence. Certain
physical handicaps are apparent. Others are easily discovered through the use of screening tests,
physical examinations,1 and mental tests. Certain children with special health problems or with
minor degrees of physical impairment or emotional maladjustment are discovered through
observation.
2. Child time is playtime, and the child who is not happy, active, interested is a sick child,
mentally, physically, or emotionally, or possibly in all three ways.2 In many instances, helping the
child to gain and maintain good physical health and stamina3 will result in the elimination or
minimizing of his emotional problems. He is then capable of making maximum use of his mental
endowments.4
3. Hence, a preschool teacher should be so attentive to a child's words and actions that no sign
of physical or emotional difficulty will escape her. A child's drowsiness, excessive thirst or
frequent trips to the toilet, complaints of aches and pains in arms or legs may indicate the
37
beginning of a serious health problem. If these symptoms are investigated early and their causes
1
to discover the exceptional child
2
A certain physical handicaps
3
A sign of physical or emotional
difficulty
4
A long period of severe illness
5
An alertness in observing symptoms
of illness
6
To diagnose or prescribe treatment
7
A child time is playtime
8
A complaint of aches and pains
1
Выявить аномального ребенка
2
Некоторые физические недостатки легко обнаружить
при помощи осмотра (врачебного) и тестов.
3
Ребенок, который неактивен, несчастлив – это больной
ребенок.
4
Воспитатель должен быть внимателен к словам и
поступкам ребенка.
5
малейший признак болезни
6
Ни при каких обстоятельствах воспитатель не должен
ставить диагноз или назначать лечение.
treated adequately, a long period of severe and devastating illness may be prevented.
A child who cries easily, one who is always tired and languid, one who is cross, irritable, and
not co-operative is trying in his way to tell of his physical needs and troubles. Sometimes glassy
and at other times dull eyes, lusterless hair, pale or heightened facial
colour, scaly or dry skin may also indicate the need for attention.
4. The slightest sign of trouble in a child should be observed by the pedagogue and, if the
condition seems persistent or acute, it should be reported to the medical nurse for immediate
attention. By her alertness in observing symptoms of illness and promptness in reporting her
observations the preschool teacher will do her part5 to stop serious sickness. Under no
circumstances should the teacher diagnose or prescribe treatment.
5. The preschool teacher should know what facilities and services are available in the country,
and state for diagnosis and treatment of handicapped children and what procedure should be used
in referring the children to the proper agency.6
6. The responsibility of seeing that such children are referred to an agency that can assist the
parents may devolve upon the pedagogue. She should also know where she can obtain assistance
in planning activities and adjusting the curriculum to help the exceptional children enrolled in her
class.
____________________________________________
Notes
1
physical examinations — врачебные осмотры
2
in all three ways — зд.: страдает и умственно, и физически, и эмоционально
3
stamina [stæmina] выносливость
4
mental endowments — умственные способности
5
will do her part — зд.: сделает все, что может
6
proper agency — зд.: соответствующее учреждение
Exercise 4. Define Russian equivalents to the terms.
Exercise 5. Find English equivalents in the text corresponding to the following.
38
Exercise 6. Colloquim. Use transition and linking phrases in english to show
agreement / disagreement.
1) What is the first step in planning work with exceptional children?
2) Are certain physical handicaps apparent?
3) How can we discover physical handicaps?
4) What do we say about a child who is not happy, active, interested?
5) Should a preschool teacher be attentive to a child's words and actions?
6) What may indicate the beginning of a serious health problem?
7) How may a long period of severe and devastating illness be prevented?
8) Should a teacher diagnose or prescribe treatment?
9) How can a teacher help to stop serious sickness?
10) Should a preschool know what facilities and services are available in the country and state
for diagnosis and treatment of handicapped children?
SPEECH PRACTICE
Exercise 7. Round Table. Use recommendations to Roundtable Running.
Exercise 8. Design a mental scheme on the content of the text. Use recommendations
to the guidelines to model a map.
Exercise 9. Annotate the text. Use the guidelines to annotate a text (Methodical
recommendations).
Exercise 10. Tell about your practice in working with exceptional children. Use
recommendations оf the Talk.
Exercise 11. Project Work. Work with exceptional children is a contemporary trend
in education. Use recommendations to the Project Running.
Exercise 12. Write an essay “My experience in work with exceptional children in
educational organization establishment of preschool education”. Use a brief list of
transitional words that help to connect paragraphs of the essay.
39
MODULE III
(the) Arts, n
Civics, n
Community, n
Craftsmanship, n
Credential, n
Curriculum, n
Duty, n
Education, n
Educator, n
Instruction, n
Governor, n
Governess, n
Knowledge, n
Learning, n
Literacy, n
Numeracy, n
Pedagogy, n
Qualification, n
Religion, n
Science, n
Skill, n
Student, n
Study, n
Teacher, n
Teaching, n
Training, n
ON PRESCHOOL EDUCATORS’ CAREER
VOCABULARY ENTRY
Exercise I. Read the international words & guess their meaning / Прочитайте
интернациональные слова и догадайтесь об их значении.
role, n; college, n; course, n; individual, n; tutor, n; n; process, n; professional n; plan, n;
role, n; university, n; formal, adj.; informal, adj.; personal, adj.; professional, adj.; informally, adv;
historically, adv;
Exercise II. Transcribe, translate and study new words / Выпишите
транскрипцию, переведите и изучите новые слова.
.
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