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Файл:Английский язык. Факультативные занятия. Лексико-грамматический практикум. 11-й класс. Пособие для учащихся учреждений общего среднего образования с б
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art agency by putting stickers on everyday objects such as
lamp-posts and paving stones, describing them as if they were
works of art. Another involved projecting images of English
football team onto White Cliffs of Dover to promote brand of
trainers. It seems that wherever you go these days some advertising agency will have got there first and will be desperately
trying to grab your attention.
Text 3
Insert the missing articles (10 articles).
Far from Earth
Do you want holiday that is really out of world? Well how
about booking tickets for two weeks in outer space. This has
been dream of science-fiction writers for decades but some scientists are predicting that soon this dream will become real
possibility. It seems that big business has also realized that
there is plenty of money to be made from taking tourists into
orbit. Race is on to build cheap and reusable spacecraft to carry
passengers and freight. Once they are in space, these tourists
will need somewhere to stay. Japanese company has already
made plans to build first space hotel. They say that they will be
ready to accept the first guests in as little as five years. Guests
will pay more than £40,000 and many will suffer from space
sickness, but this isn’t expected to put off people who are looking for ultimate adventure holiday.
31
РАЗДЕЛ III. ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ (THE ADJECTIVE)
ГРАММАТИКА
3.1. Порядок следования прилагательных в предложении
For Study
Существительному в английском предложении могут
предшествовать два, три и более прилагательных в функции
определения.
Когда в английском предложении имеется несколько
прилагательных, определяющих существительное, то они
располагаются в следующем порядке:
мнение
opi nion
(It’s a)
beau-
tiful
раз-
мер
size
small new oval white Swiss plastic alarm clock
воз-
раст
age
фор-
ма
shape
цвет
colour
проис-
хожд.
origin
мате-
риал
mate-
rial
исп.
для
used
for
Practice
Ex. 1. Put the adjectives in the correct order.
A.
1. a chocolate / large / home-made / delicious / cake
2. a(n) Italian / exciting / new / 2-hour / serial
3. a white / hand-made / linen / large / table-cloth
4. a French / wooden / fantastic / old-fashioned / armchair
5. a simple / old / big / tall / dark-grey / cupboard
6. a Chinese / brand-new / square / woolen / nice / carpet
7. a good-looking / blue-eyed / tall / slender / boy
8. a blue / evening /silk / beautiful / dress
9. a(n) Russian / old / amazing / short / fairy-tale
10. a double-breasted / elegant / man’s / tweed / jacket
32
сущ.
noun
B.
Dear Sir,
I’m writing to you because I left a 1) … (leather / large / brown)
suitcase on the 7.45 train to London yesterday. In the suitcase
there is a 2) … (plastic / digital / little) alarm clock and a pair
of 3) … (silk / black / expensive) pyjamas. There is also a 4) …
(lovely / satin / long) dress, which was a present for my wife,
and a 5) … (Chinese / beautiful / gold) chain which I would
hate to lose. Finally, there is a 6) … (black / large / plastic) folder containing confidential government papers, so it is very important that my suitcase is found and returned to me at the
above address as soon as possible.
Yours faithfully,
Paul Daniels
3.2. Степени сравнения прилагательных
For Study
Качественные прилагательные в английском языке
имеют три степени сравнения
*
: положительную (The positive degree), сравнительную (The comparative degree) и
превосходную (The superlative degree).
Положительная степень прилагательных образуется при
помощи союзов
as … as Exercise 5 is as easy as exercise 7.
not as … as Nick is not as tall as Mike.
not so … as Silver is not so expensive as I thought.
Примечание: Сравнительная конструкция с as … as широко используется
в словосочетаниях типа as good as gold, as hard as nails, as like as two peas, as
busy as a bee, as fit as a fiddle, etc.
Сравнительная и превосходная степени прилагательных
образуются:
1) при помощи суффиксов -er (сравнительная степень) и
-est (превосходная степень), которые присоединяются к
* См. Лексико-грамматический практикум для 10 класса. Раздел III,
стр. 49–52.
33
односложным и некоторым двусложным прилагательным,
имеющих ударение на втором слоге (polite, remote, etc.) или
оканчивающихся на -y, -ow, -le, -er, -some (simple, funny,
clever, lazy, handsome, tender, etc.).
cold – colder – the coldest
wet – wetter – the wettest
easy – easier – the easiest
shallow – shallower – the shallowest
handsome – handsomer – the handsomest
2) при помощи местоимений more / less (сравнительная
степень) и the most / the least (превосходная степень),
*
которые присоединяются как к некоторым двусложным
,
так и многосложным прилагательным.
mature – more / less mature – the most /
the least mature
difficult – more / less difficult – the most /
the least difficult
3) образование сравнительной / превосходной степеней
прилагательных good, bad, many (much), little не подчиняется общему правилу.
good – better – the best
bad – worse – the worst
many (much) – more – the most
little – less – the least
4) прилагательные far, near, old, late имеют две формы
сравнительной и превосходной степени и при этом
различаются по своему лексическому значению.
far – farther – the farthest (о расстоянии)
further – the furthest (о времени)
near – nearer – the nearest (о расстоянии)
– the next (о времени)
* Некоторые двусложные прилагательные, таким образом, могут образовывать сравнительную и превосходную степени двумя способами (синтетическим и аналитическим):
clever – cleverer – cleverest
clever – more clever – the most clever.
34
late – later – the latest (о времени)
*
latter
– the last (о порядке следования)
old – older – the oldest (о возрасте людей, вещей, явлений)
elder – the eldest (о старшинстве членов семьи)
Для выражения сравнения в английском языке суще-
ствуют также другие сравнительные конструкции:
twice / three times, etc. / half as + as
My brother’s car is twice as expensive as yours.
The movie wasn’t half as interesting as the book.
the same (age, size, height, length, width, weight, etc.) as
Line AB is the same length as Line CD.
He doesn’t get the same pay as I do (as me).
the comparative + the comparative
The longer your composition is, the better.
comparative + and + comparative
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
Все вышеперечисленные сравнительные конструкции
могут употребляться как с прилагательными, так и с наречиями;
My father gets twice as much money as my mother.
The earlier we set off, the earlier we arrive.
He started working harder and harder.
С целью усиления признака предмета (действия) при-
лагательные (наречия) в сравнительной степени могут
употребляться с такими усилительными наречиями,
как much, a lot, even, a great deal, (by) far, slightly, still,
a bit, a little, etc.
Now she is much happier than she used to be.
Why don’t we go on the coach? It’s far cheaper than the
train.
I sleep much more heavily now than I used to.
Для усиления превосходной степени употребляется by far.
She is by far the most beautiful woman I have ever seen.
* Прилагательное the latter (последний из двух) противопоставляется при-
лагательному the former (первый из двух).
35
Practice
Ex. 1. Match each sentence (1–6) with a sentence (a–f) which expresses a
similar idea. The first one has been done for you.
1. She’s far lazier than anyone else.
2. She’s not quite as lazy as
she used to be.
3. She’s the least successful
student in the class.
4. She doesn’t have as many
problems as she used to.
5. She doesn’t spend as much
time on her homework as
she ought to.
6. The more she works, the
more success she has.
Ex. 2. Put the adjectives in brackets into the comparative or superlative form.
Memo
The company’s annual report shows that sales figures were
lower (low) than the previous year. This is no surprise due to
the recession but what is (1) … (disappointing) than this is the
clear evidence that some of our (2) … (old) clients have switched
to another supplier. We are aware that there are (3) … (cheap)
suppliers than ourselves but this may not be the (4) … (impor-
tant) factor. One old client was heard to say that their new supplier was (5) … (efficient) and (6) … (flexible) than we are.
If this is the case, then this is (7) … (worrying) than anything
else. The economic situation is getting (8) … and … (critical)
and if we do not compare favourably with our (9) … (big) competitors, then we will not survive. We used to have the (10) …
(high) reputation in the business but we are in danger of losing
that forever. It is not easy to be the (11) … (good) but that is
what we should be aiming for.
a. She doesn’t work nearly
as much as she should.
b. She has fewer difficulties
than before.
c. Everyone works much
harder than she does.
d. She is more successful
when she works harder.
e. No one does as badly as
she does.
f. She’s slightly more hard-
working than before.
36
Ex. 3. Fill in each space with a word from the box to make comparisons. You
may use the words more than once.
lot youngest the as better
elder livelier most much
than more far
Cats, as we know, are (1) … quieter (2) … dogs and a (3) …
smaller, so when my wife and I were debating whether to buy
our (4) … son a pet it seemed (5) … sensible to choose a kitten (6)
… a puppy. Our (7) … son, who is now 16, had a tortoise when he
was little but found it (8) … boring pet on earth.
However, the little spaniel we saw in one shop was, as my
wife said, (9) … cutest thing she had ever seen. I didn’t argue
because although cats are not (10) … noisy as dogs, dogs are
(11) … entertaining and also (12) … intelligent. Dogs are (13) …
and we both felt that Edward would learn more from that little
spaniel (14) … he would from any cat. The (15) … Edward grew
(16) … more difficult it became to keep him occupied and we
both felt a dog would be a (17) … companion for him from that
point of view.
Ex. 4. Put the adjectives in brackets into the comparative or superlative form
adding the, than, of or in where necessary.
1. Dolphines are among … (intelligent) mammals … the world.
2. England is too cold in the spring – let’s go to Spain where
it’s … (warm).
3. In my opinion the tiger is … (dangerous) animal … all.
4. I like living in the country. It’s a lot … (peaceful) … the city.
5. This wonderful sun-powered engine is … (promising) … all
that have been designed so far.
6. The noise got … and … (loud) until I couldn’t bear it any
longer.
7. Lying down in bed is … (comfortable) … sitting on a hard
chair.
8. This assignment is … (important) … my others so I’m going
to spend a minimal amount of time on it.
37
9. My brother is two years … (old) … me.
10. … (long) she had to wait in the doctor’s office, … (impatient)
she became.
11. Our youngest son doesn’t want to be a teacher unlike his …
(old) brother.
12. The rules of the game are too complicated. Can we play
something … (easy)?
13. She is one of … (clever) students … our group.
14. She was chosen as one of … (well-dressed) women … the
world.
15. She is … (lucky) person I know – she’s always winning prizes
in lotteries.
16. Jane’s new haircut makes her look much … (attractive).
17. … (old) he gets, … (tall) he grows.
18. My parents told me to be back home by 11 at … (late).
19. The police said they were expecting … (far) developments of
events.
20. The Smiths have got … (expensive) car … my neighborhood;
it has more accessories … anyone else’s.
21. Sally’s voice is louder … mine, but Ann’s is … (loud) … all.
Ex. 5. Translate the Russian fragments into English using different types of
comparisons.
1. Their car is (вдвое дороже, чем) ours.
2. (Чем моложе) you are, (тем легче) you find it to learn
things.
3. The weather is getting (теплее и теплее).
4. It is (самый смешной) film I’ve ever seen.
5. Everyone was (более дружелюбный) this time.
6. Patty is so smart – she’s always dressed in (последней)
fashion!
7. Speaking for myself, I find team sports (наименее инте-
ресными).
8. There are lots of ways to keep fit, but I think (самый здоро-
вый) of all is aerobics.
9. Now she looks (гораздо спокойнее) than she did before
the exam.
38
10. (Чем холоднее) it got, (тем больше) clothes they had to put
on to keep warm.
11. I felt very ill last week, but I’m (немного лучше) now.
12. My computer is very old. I need something (более совре-
менный).
13. (Значительно больше) people are opening their own
business these days.
14. She is (определенно лучший) programmer in the company.
15. (Самый старый) piece in this museum is this Egyptian
amulet from the Third Dynasty.
16. I’ve asked the students if they got any (дальнейшие)
questions.
17. (Более дорогие) clothes are not always of (лучшего) quality.
18. The cost of living in Europe is (гораздо выше) than in
Africa.
19. (Чем лучше) the joke is, (тем громче) the laugh is.
20. Our car is (немного шире) than our old one, but still fits
easily into the garage.
21. The weather is (намного холоднее) than normal for this
time of the year.
22. It would be (гораздо более разумно) for you to leave things
as they are.
23. In my opinion, David’s project is (наименее успешный).
24. Ann dyed her hair (в такой же цвет как) I did.
25. According to (последним) figures (самая популярная)
activity with many people is walking.
26. (Чем менее) interesting the subject is, (тем более скучаю-
щими) the students become.
27. (Ближайшая) village to my uncle’s house is four miles
away, his farm is very isolated.
28. The weather is (немного холоднее) than normal for the time
of the year.
29. Watching a film at the cinema is (гораздо интересней)
than watching it on television.
30. Some people find it (гораздо легче) to express their feelings
in writing than on the telephone.
39
Ex. 6. A. Answer the following questions. Give extended information
about them.
1. Can you give the names of your classmates who are the
brightest pupils?
2. Could you say whose knowledge of English is the best?
3. Do you think you are as well-read as your friends?
4. Do you think your classmates are as hard-working (diligent)
as you are?
5. Can you name some of the classmates who are the most (least)
pleasant to deal with?
6. Do you think all your classmates are the same age (height,
weight)?
B. Choose the suitable answer to the given questions.
1. What is more enjoyable for you: reading a book or watching
television?
2. What is more satisfying for you: playing for fun or playing
to win?
3. What is better for you: visiting interesting sights or lying on
the beach?
4. What is less interesting for you: chatting over a cup of tea or
discussing work?
5. What is more impotant in life: working hard or lazing around?
6. What is more difficult for you: studying English or maths?
7. What is more appealing for you: studying at university or
working at a plant?
ЛЕКСИКА
1. Словообразование
Ex. Complete the texts with the appropriate forms of the words from the box.
conscious bore nervous
suspect patient move
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