Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык. Факультативные занятия. Лексико-грамматический практикум. 11-й класс. Пособие для учащихся учреждений общего среднего образования с б
.pdf
10.5. Действительное и страдательное причастия в функции
определения и предикатива. (Participle I and Participle II as
an Attribute and a Predicative)
For Study
Причастие – это неличная форма глагола, имеющая
свойства глагола, c одной стороны, и прилагательного / наречия, с другой. Обладая свойствами прилагательного, причастие употребляется в функции определения к существительному и именной части именного составного сказуемого
(предикатива). Как глагольная форма, причастие имеет
формы залога и временной отнесённости.
Active Passive
Participle I Indefinite building being built
Participle I Perfect having built having been built
Participle II – built
Participle I Indefinite Active / Passive в функции определения или предикатива соответствует в русском языке действительным причастиям настоящего или прошедшего времени, имеющим суффиксы -ущ, -ющ, -ащ, -ящ, -вш (building –
строящий (строивший), working – работающий (работавший), being built – строящийся).
Participle I Indefinite Active / Passive употребляется в функции определения для обозначения действия, одновременного с
действием глагола-сказуемого в данном предложении.
Here is the paragraph describing the use of the Participle
in English. (определение)
Вот параграф, описывающий употребление причастия
в английском языке.
The man sitting near me was reading a newspaper.
(определение)
Человек, сидевший рядом со мной, читал газету.
181
The house being built opposite my house is a new library.
(определение)
Дом, строящийся напротив моего дома, – новая библиотека.
В функции именной части сказуемого (предикатива)
употребляется только Participle I Indefinite Active.
The roar of the water was deafening. (предикатив)
Шум воды был оглушающим.
Следует помнить, что Participle I Perfect Active / Passive
не употребляется в функции определения. При переводе с
русского языка предложений с действительным причастием
прошедшего времени, обозначающим действие, предшествующее действию глагола, в английском языке употребляется определительное придаточное предложение.
The student who passed the exam has gone to the dean’s office.
Студент, сдавший экзамен, пошёл в деканат.
Participle II (Страдательное причастие) имеет одну форму и в функции определения соответствует русскому страдательному причастию с суффиксами -енн, -анн (built – по-
строенный, done – сделанный).
The boy punished for breaking the window was crying.
Мальчик, наказанный за то, что разбил окно, плакал.
Practice
Ex. 1. Choose between Participle I and Participle II.
A. in sentences
1. Most of the goods made / making in this factory are
exported.
2. The man injuring / injured in the accident was taken to
hospital.
3. A few days after the interview I received a letter offered /
offering me the job.
4. The paintings stealing / stolen from the museum haven’t
been found yet.
182
5. I’ll be frightened / frightening to look out of the airplane
window.
6. John was really excited / exciting at the prospect of starting
work.
7. I’m exhausting / exhausted. I’ve been doing aerobics for
two hours.
8. Apparently chimpanzees are now an endangered /
endangering species.
9. You must follow a balanced / balancing diet to stay healthy.
10. The local council is trying to solve the problems affected /
affecting our area.
11. The wedding cake making / made by the chef was flavoured
with vanilla.
12. Frankly speaking it was the most frightening / frightened
experience I had ever had in my life.
13. The well trained / training dog obeyed every command.
14. A forced / forcing kindness deserves no thanks.
15. They did their best to find a convincing / convinced
argument.
16. The horror film was really terrified / terrifying.
17. All letters posting / posted today should arrive tomorrow.
18. At last we reached the path led / leading to a village.
19. Proverbs are short sentences basing / based on long
experience.
20. The article was misleading / misled and the newspaper had
to apologize.
21. Matt’s a really bad loser. He always gets frustrated /
frustrating when he doesn’t win.
22. Lucy has been terrified / terrifying of dogs since she was
bitten by one as a child.
23. These dark winter days are very depressed / depressing.
24. I was not amused / amusing when the children started
firing their water pistols at me.
25. My sister is really annoyed / annoying. I wish she would
stop borrowing my clothes without asking.
183
B. in the text
School Report Shocks Parents
Teachers finding it increasingly difficult to control classes of young pupils, says a report published yesterday. The
evidence from the 100 schools which were involved in the
study is not encouraged / encouraging. The report paints a de-
pressing / depressed picture of schools up and down the country with teachers feeling disappointed / disappointing not only
by students’ results in tests but by the worrying / worried increase in violent behaviour in class and in the playground. “I
am worn out at the end of the day; my job is exhausted / ex-
hausting, I can tell you,” complained one teacher. One of the
most disturbed / disturbing revelations is the use of drugs by
youngsters. Although teachers were not totally surprised /
surprising by the findings, parents are worried / worrying;
some even described the report as shocked / shocking and demanded immediate action. Pupils who were asked to comment
on the report said they found school bored / boring. The report
is particularly embarrassed / embarrassing for the Minister of
Education who claimed recently that British education is “the
best in the world”.
10.6. Сложное дополнение с причастием I и причастием II
(Complex Object with Participle I and Participle II)
For Study
В английском языке в конструкции сложное дополнение
наряду с инфинитивом употребляется причастие I (действительное причастие настоящего времени) и причастие II
(страдательное причастие).
1. После глаголов чувственного восприятия (to see, to hear, to
notice, to feel, to find, etc.) для выражения действия, происходящего в момент речи, употребляется причастие I.
184
I saw Nick crossing the road.
Я видел, как Ник переходил улицу.
Для выражения законченного действия в страдательном
залоге употребляется причастие II.
Suddenly she heard her name pronounced.
Вдруг она услышала, что произнесли ее имя.
2. Данная конструкция употребляется также после глаголов
have и get с причастием II для выражения действия,
совершаемого не лицом – подлежащим предложения, а
другим лицом.
I’d like to have my hair cut.
Я бы хотел подстричься.
Practice
Ex. 1. Choose between Participle I and Participle II.
1. He found the lock breaking / broken.
2. I feel my ears burnt / burning.
3. Can I have my coat shortened / shortening here?
4. We watched the children played / playing football in
the yard.
5. I saw Kate shivering / shivered with cold.
6. I’ve never seen her cried / crying so bitterly.
7. We smelt something burning / burnt in the kitchen.
8. How often do you have your car washed/washing?
9. I felt someone looked / looking at me attentively.
10. We found them sat / sitting together and talked / talking
peacefully.
Ex. 2. Translate the Russian fragments into English using the construction
Complex Object with Participle (I, II) or the Infinitive.
1. I noticed Ann (вышла) the office.
2. Have you ever heard Khvorostovsky (поёт)?
3. When the Smiths returned home after their holiday they
found their house (обокрали).
4. I had had all my boots (отремонтировали) before
autumn set in.
5. When did you have your bad tooth (вырвали)?
185
6. Jane felt her hands (дрожат) and try to control herself.
7. I noticed the boy (перелез) over the fence and (побежал)
towards the forest.
8. I found Paul (сидит) in his room and (читает) a book.
9. I heard my neighbour’s dog (лаяла) all the night.
10. We could smell a nice scent (поднимался) from the rose
bushes.
11. When we saw the plane (взлетел) we went home.
12. Last summer we had our cottage house (покрасили) and the
roof (починили).
13. My mother usually has all her clothes (шьёт) at the dressmaker’s.
14. I saw their car (остановили) by a militiaman.
ЛЕКСИКА
1. Словообразование
Ex. Complete the text using the given words on the right in the appropriate form.
Many young people are tempted by the idea
of a career in (1) … . It certainly looks like
very (2) … work, but it’s not for everyone.
In order to be successful as an actor, you
must be (3) … and willing to learn new
skills. It helps to be (4) …, but there’s no
need to be a super model! An (5) … face is
what people want to see. Sometimes it also
helps to look a little (6) … from the rest.
A (7) … from a well-known drama school
can be useful, but not all (8) … is learned
at school. Experience really counts!
Beyond that, you have to be able to put
up with (9) … hours of rehearsals and
some (10) … along the way. If you can do
all that, you just might become a star!
ACT
EXCITE
TALENT
ATTRACT
INTEREST
DIFFER
QUALIFY
KNOW
TIRE
DISAPPOINT
186
2. Выбор лексических единиц из синонимического ряда
Ex. Fill in the gaps with the suitable words.
Alfred Nobel
When we hear the name Nobel, we immediately think of the
Nobel Prizes. But Alfred Nobel, the (1) … of the awards, was
also a great (2) … and (3) … .
Born in 1933 in Sweden, Nobel studied first in Russia and
then (4) … to the US where he studied mechanical (5) … . Afterwards, he returned to Sweden to work with his father. Gradually, they made (6) … in explosives. Nobel (7) … out how to work
safely with nitroglycerine, a very dangerous and explosive (8) … .
His invention later became known (9) … dynamite. Nobel continued throughout his life to (10) … improvements in the field of
explosives. He eventually owned (11) … explosives factories
around the world and became very wealthy.
Alfred Nobel was a man of great (12) … .When he died he
left a wonderful gift to the world: the Nobel Prizes. Each year
these prizes are (13) … to scientists, inventors and other (14) …
people for their great (15) … to the world.
A holder
1.
A scientist
2.
A direction
3.
A transferred
4.
A developing
5.
A directions
6.
A figured
7.
A shape
8.
A by
9.
A do
10.
A numerous
11.
A advantage
12.
A awarded
13.
A developed
14.
A involvement
15.
B creator
B engine
B invention
B visited
B producing
B advances
B solved
B form
B with
B have
B numerate
B achievement
B designed
B interested
B contribution
C discoverer
C philosophy
C maker
C joined
C engineering
C motions
C granted
C body
C as
C make
C numerical
C situation
C suggested
C creative
C manufacturing
D receiver
D production
D inventor
D emigrated
D creating
D movements
D introduced
D substance
D for
D take
D numbered
D incident
D implanted
D manageable
D development
187
3. Распознавание ошибок и их коррекция
Ex. Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are
correct, and some have a word which should not be there. Write this word in
the box next the line.
Exchange Programmes
In nowadays it is becoming increasingly popular for
students to go on an exchange programme. This is
especially popular in the Europe. In such programmes,
students can to go abroad and study at a foreign uni-
versity
for a term or two, and these studies count towards
their
degree. This arrangement has several of advantages.
Students have the opportunity to be practise the for-
eign
languages what they learnt in school. They meet
different cultures and experience a different way of
life. In
addition, they learn about different ways of thinking
in their
own studying subject and get a broader view of the is-
sues.
For an example, one Austrian student who was
studying
agriculture found different types of farming in the
England
very interesting. Finally, they also meet to exchange
students from much other countries, so they experi-
ence a really
international environment. This experience will hope-
fully
result in a more better understanding between na-
tions.
188
4. Распознавание смысловых связей в разговорных клише
Ex. Match these parts of suggestions. For each beginning (1–5), two endings
(A–D) are possible.
1. If I were you, I’d … ?
2. Have you considered … ?
3. Why don’t you … ?
4. I think you should … ?
5. Have you thought about … ?
6. You might enjoy … ?
A take up badminton
B playing tennis or squash
C try some kind of athletics
D watching sumo wrestling
189
РАЗДЕЛ XI. СИНТАКСИС (SYNTAX)
*
ГРАММАТИКА
11.1. Простое предложение. (The Simple Sentence).
Коммуникативные типы предложения
(The Communicative Types of Sentences)
For Study
Предложение – это единица языка, служащая средством
передачи законченной мысли. Грамматическая структура
предложения формируется по правилам данного языка и
в зависимости от общей коммуникативной цели высказывания. Выделяются следующие типы предложений:
1) Повествование
He likes playing basketball.
My grandparents have lived in Minsk since 1960.
2) Вопрос с подразделением на:
Общий вопрос
Are you good at mathematics?
Have you ever been abroad?
Специальный вопрос
What size shoes do you wear?
How long does it take him to do his homework?
Альтернативный вопрос
Is your room big or small?
Did they go to the cinema or to the theatre?
Разделительный вопрос
The joke made them laugh, didn’t it?
Your parents don’t speak English, do they?
*
Описание основных типов простого, сложносочинённого и сложноподчинённого предложений дано в книге «Лексико-грамматический практикум.
10 класс», стр. 194–196, 198–201.
190
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]