Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык. Литературное наследие Великобритании XIX в.. Практикум для бакалавров укрупненных групп направлений подготовки «Науки об обществе», «
.pdf
Comprehension assignments:
1. Give the brief summary of Chesterton’s life.
2. Highlight the literary styles of the author.
3. Name Chesterton’s most memorable works.
4. Write the brief summary of one of Chesterton’s works.
Guthrie, Thomas Anstey
(Гатри, Томас Энсти)
Thomas Anstey Guthriewas an English novelist and journalist, who wrote
comic novels under the pseudonym F. Anstey. He was born on August 8, 1856
in Kensington, London. He was raised in a comfortable middle-class family,
Guthrie was sent to boarding school at age 11. He continued his education
at King’s College School in London and studied law at Trinity Hall, Cambridge.
While at Cambridge Guthrie wrote his first novel, Vice Versa, which was
published in 1882 under the pseudonym F. Anstey (the name was supposed to be
T. Anstey, but a type setting error resulted in an F instead of a T and Guthrie
kept the mistake.) The novel was an instant success in England and established
Guthrie as a professional writer. It tells the story of a father and son who
magically switch bodies; the father, a businessman, is forced to attend his son’s
boarding school and endure the humiliations of boyhood while the son struggles
to deal with his father’s business affairs. After the release of Vice Versa Guthrie
attempted to write realistic novels, but his two books in this genre The Giant’s
Robe (1884) and The Pariah (1889) were poorly received. As a result, Guthrie
devoted himself to writing humorous fantasy works. Almost all of Guthrie’s
writings share a common plot in which a fantastical or supernatural event
71
wreaks havoc on the genteel lives of his middle-class characters. His novels include The Tinted Venus: A Farcical Romance (1885), A Fallen Idol (1886),
Tourmalin’s Time Cheques: A Farcical Extravagance (1891) and The Brass
Bottle (1900). Only The Brass Bottle approached the popularity of his first
novel. Guthrie also published several volumes of short stories, such as The Black
Poodle and Other Tales (1884), The Talking Horse and Other Tales (1891) and
Salted Almonds (1906).
In 1887 he joined the staff of the humor magazine Punch, in which his
voces populi and his humorous parodies of a reciter’s stock-piece (Burglar Bill,
&c.) represent his best work. In 1901 his successful farce The Man from
Blankleys, based on a story that originally appeared in Punch, was first produced
at the Prince of Wales Theatre, in London. He wrote Only Toys (1903)
and Salted Almonds (1906). Many of Anstey’s stories have been adapted into
theatrical productions and motion pictures. Vice Versa has been filmed many
times, usually transposed in setting and without any credit to the original book.
Another of his novels, The Brass Bottle, has also been filmed more than once,
including The Brass Bottle (1964). His Tourmalin’s Time Cheques (1891) is one
of the earliest stories featuring the science fiction concept of intentional and
frequent movement in time, and probably the first to investigate the practical
paradoxes such a concept would create.
Toward the end of his life Guthrie began writing for the theater and spent
most of his time translating the French playwright Molière for the English
theater and adapting his own novels for the stage. He died on March 10, 1934,
in London. An autobiographical work, A Long Retrospect (1936), was published
posthumously.
Famous quotations by Thomas Anstey Guthrie:
The more the diamond is cut the brighter it sparkles; and in what
seems hard dealing, there God has no end in view but to perfect his people.
As in nature, as in art, so in grace; it is rough treatment that gives
souls, as well as stones, their luster.
Do it now. It is not safe to leave a generous feeling to the cooling in-
fluences of the world.
Drastic measures is Latin for a whopping.
This land is your land, this land is my land, From California to the
New York Island. From the redwood forest to the Gulf Stream waters. This land
was made for you and me.
When the morning was waking over the war He put on his clothes and
stepped out and he died.
72
Popular works by Thomas Anstey Guthrie:
Vice Versa (1882)
The Black Poodle and Other Tales (1884)
The Giant’s Robe (1884)
The Tinted Venus (1885)
A Fallen Idol (1886)
Burglar Bill and Other Pieces (1888)
The Pariah (1889)
Voces Populi (1890)
Tourmalin’s Time Cheques (1891)
Mr. Punch’s Model Music-Hall Songs and Dramas (1892)
The Talking Horse and Other Tales (1892)
The Travelling Companions (1892)
The Man from Blankley’s and Other Sketches (1893)
Mr Punch’s Pocket Ibsen (1893)
Under the Rose (1894)
Lyre and Lancet (1895)
The Statement of Stella Maberly, Written by Herself (1896)
Baboo Jabberjee, B. A. (1897)
Puppets at Large (1897)
Love among the Lions (1898)
Paleface and Redskin (1898)
The Brass Bottle (1900)
A Bayard from Bengal (1902)
Only Toys! (1903)
Salted Almonds (1906)
Winnie, an Everyday Story (1909)
In Brief Authority (1915)
Percy and Others (1915)
The Last Load (1925)
The Would-Be Gentleman (Adapted From Molière’s Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (1927)
The Imaginary Invalid (Adapted From Molière’s Le Malade imaginaire)
(1929)
Humour and Fantasy (1931)
A Long Retrospect (1936)
73
Useful resources for reading about Thomas Anstey Guthrie:
http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9325472/Thomas-AnsteyGut
hrie
http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp01955/thomas-f-anst
ey-guthrie
http://www.victoriansecrets.co.uk/authors/f-anstey/
Comprehension assignments:
1. Give the brief summary of Guthrie’s life.
2. Highlight the literary styles of the author.
3. Name Guthrie’s most memorable works.
4. Write the brief summary of one of Guthrie’s works.
Charlotte Mary Yonge
(Шарлотта Мэри Янг)
Charlotte Mary Yonge was born in Otterbourne, Hampshire, England, on
11 August 1823. She was educated at home by her father, studying Latin, Greek,
French, Euclidand algebra. Her father’s lessons sometimes were rather harsh.
Yonge’s devotion to her father was lifelong and her relationship with him seems
to have been for her the standard for all other relationships, including marriage.
Her family had religious background, and she was devoted to the Church of
England, and much influenced by John Keble, Vicar of Hursley from 1835, a
near neighbour and one of the leaders of the Oxford Movement. Yonge is herself
74
sometimes referred to as ‟the novelist of the Oxford Movement”, as her novels
frequently reflect the values and concerns of Anglo-Catholicism. She
remained in Otterbourne all her life and for 71 years was a teacher in the village
Sunday school.
She began writing in 1848, and published during her long life about
160 works, chiefly novels. Her first commercial success, The Heir of Redclyffe
(1853), provided the funding to enable the schooner Southern Cross to be put
into service on behalf of George Selwyn. Similar charitable works were done
with the profits from later novels. Yonge was also a founder and editor for forty
years of The Monthly Packet, a magazine (founded in 1851) with a varied
readership, but targeted at British Anglican girls (in later years it was addressed
to a somewhat wider readership).
In 1868 a new parish was formed to the south of Yonge’s home village of
Otterbourne; the parish was to contain the villages of Eastley and Barton. Yonge
donated £500 towards the parish church and was asked to choose which of the
two villages the parish should be named after. She chose Eastley, but decided
that it should be spelt ‟Eastleigh” as she perceived this as being more modern.
Yonge’s work was widely read and respected in the nineteenth century.
Among her admirers were Lewis Carroll, George Eliot, William Ewart
Gladstone, Charles Kingsley, Anthony Trollope. Yonge’s works were compared
favourably with that of Trollope, Jane Austen, Honoré de Balzac, Gustave
Flaubert and Émile Zola. C. S. Lewis thought very highly of Yonge, at one point
bracketing her evocations of domestic life with those of Homerand Leo Tolstoy.
Abraham Kuyper, who read The Heir of Redclyffe on the recommendation
of his fiancé, Johanna Schaay, found it to be a very moving experience and
wrote that the novel was ‟next to the Biblein its meaning for my life”.
Among the best known of her works are The Heir of Redclyffe,
Heartsease and The Daisy Chain. A Book of Golden Deeds is a collection of true
stories of courage and self-sacrifice. She also wrote Cameos from English
History, Life of John Coleridge Patteson: Missionary Bishop of the Melanesian
Islands and Hannah More. Her History of Christian Names was described as
‟the first serious attempt at tackling the subject” and as the standard work on
names in the preface to the first edition of Withycombe’s The Oxford Dictionary
of English Christian Names (1944). Yonge’s work has been little studied, with
the possible exception of The Heir of Redclyffe.
75
Her personal example and influence on her god-daughter, Alice Mary
Coleridge, played a formative role in Coleridge’s zeal for women’s education
and thus, indirectly, led to the foundation of Abbots Bromley School for Girls.
Her friends, and especially her poorer neighbours, knew both the strength
and the winning charm of her character. Thus the late Archbishop Benson noted
in his diary her ‘odd majesty and kindliness, which are very strong’. She had an
inventive mind and a ready pen, and a bare list of the books written or edited by
her would probably occupy nearly a whole column of The Times. She wrote
chiefly for young people, especially young girls, and her books are the result not
only of a strong ethical purpose, but also of her firm devotion to the High
Church view of Christian doctrine and practice.
Yonge died in her hometown of Otterbourne on 24 May 1901. After her
death, her friend, assistant and collaborator, Christabel Coleridge, published the
biographical Charlotte Mary Yonge: her Life and Letters (1903).
Famous quotations by Charlotte Mary Yonge:
I thought one only had to speak Latin through one’s nose and bite off
the end.
If I write nothing but fiction for some time I begin to get stupid, and to
feel rather as if it had been a long meal of sweets; then history is a rest, for
research or narration brings a different part of the mind into play.
The unmarried woman seldom escapes a widowhood of the spirit.
There is sure to be some one, parent, brother, sister, friend, more comfortable to
her than the day, with whom her life is so entwined that the wrench of parting
leaves a torn void never entirely healed or filled.
General rules are dangerous of application in particular instances.
A woman without a degree of decency and delicacy is unsexed.
The mistake we make is when we seek to be loved instead of loving.
Popular works by Charlotte Mary Yonge:
The Railroad Children (1849)
Henrietta’s Wish, or, Domineering: A Tale (1850)
Langley School (1850)
76
The Heir of Redclyffe (1853)
The Herb of the Field (1853)
The Castle Builders, or, The Deferred Confirmation (1854)
Heartsease, or, The Brother’s Wife (1854)
The Little Duke, or, Richard the Fearless (1854)
The Lances of Lynwood (1855)
The Daisy Chain, or, Aspirations (1856)
Ben Sylvester’s Word (1856)
Hopes and Fears, or, Scenes from the life of a Spinster (1860)
The Pigeon Pie (1860)
The Young Stepmother (1861)
Countess Kate (1862)
The Clever Woman of the Family (1865)
The Prince and the Page; A Story of the Last Crusade (1866)
The Chaplet of Pearls, or, The White and Black Ribaumont (1868)
The Caged Lion (1870)
Little Lucy’s Wonderful Globe (1871)
Dames of High Estate (1872)
The Pillars of the House (1874)
The Three Brides (1876)
The Apple of Discord (1864)
Useful resources for reading about Charlotte Mary Yonge:
http://www.britannica.com/biography/Charlotte-M-Yonge
http://www.cmyf.org.uk/
http://www.online-literature.com/charlotte-yonge/
Comprehension assignments:
1. Give the brief summary of Yonge’s life.
2. Highlight the literary styles of the author.
3. Name Yonge’s most memorable works.
4. Write the brief summary of one of Yonge’s works.
77
Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton
(Эдвард Бульвер-Литтон, 1-й барон Литтон)
Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton, was an
English novelist, poet, playwright and politician. He was immensely popular
with the reading public and wrote a stream of bestselling novels which earned
him a considerable fortune. Bulwer-Lytton was born on 25 May 1803 in
London. He had two elder brothers, William Earle Lytton Bulwer (1799–1877)
and Henry (1801–1872), later Lord Dalling and Bulwer. When Edward was four
his father died and his mother moved to London. He was a delicate, neurotic
child and was discontented at a number of boarding schools, but he learned to
read at a surprisingly early age and began to write verses before he was ten years
old. Going first to a small private school at Fulham, he soon passed on to another one at Rottingdean, and here he continued to manifest literary tastes, Lord
Byron and Sir Walter Scott were his chief idols at this time. But he was
precocious and Mr. Wallington at Baling encouraged him to publish, at the age
of fifteen, an immature work, Ishmael and Other Poems. In 1822 he entered
Trinity College, Cambridge, but shortly afterwards moved to Trinity Hall. In
1825 he won the Chancellor’s Gold Medal for English verse. In the following
year he took his B. A. degree and printed, for private circulation, a small volume
of poems, Weeds and Wild Flowers.
In August 1827 against his mother’s wishes, he married Rosina Doyle
Wheeler (1802–1882), a famous Irish beauty. When they married his mother
withdrew his allowance and he was forced to work for a living. They had two
children, Lady Emily Elizabeth Bulwer-Lytton (1828–1848) and (Edward)
78
Robert Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton (1831–1891) who became
Governor-General and Viceroy of British India (1876–1880).
His writing and political work strained their marriage, Bulwer-Lytton
became irritable and negligent husband. In 1833, after many violent quarrels,
they separated. Three years later, Rosina published Cheveley, or the Man of
Honour (1839), a near-libellous fiction bitterly satirising her husband’s alleged
hypocrisy. She was followed by her husband’s attacks for many years.
Bulwer-Lytton’s political career began in 1831, when he entered
Parliament as Liberal member for Lincoln, and in 1852 he returned to the house
as member for Hertfordshire.
Bulwer-Lytton’s literary activity had, meanwhile, been immense. His
popularity was largely a result of his skill in anticipating and satisfying changes
in public taste. He flirted quite successfully with the theatre, though his plays
have not endured. Having started as a novelist with Pelham, which combined
Gothic romance with a setting of the fashionable world, he then embarked on
a series of historical novels, the most notable of which were The Last Days
of Pompeii, 3 vol. (1834) and Harold, the Last of the Saxon Kings (1848).
In Eugene Aram, 3 vol. (1832), he made use of current fascination with
criminals and the underworld. He turned to realism and the portrayal of English
society in The Caxtons, 3 vol. (1849) and My Novel (1853). Bulwer-Lytton also
published several volumes of poetry, a satirical novel in verse (containing an
attack on Alfred, Lord Tennyson, the poet laureate, and an unsuccessful long epic, King Arthur (1848). Besides further novels, he issued several volumes of
verses, and The New Timon (1846) while he did translations from German,
Spanish, and Italian. He produced a history of Athens, contributed to endless
periodicals, and was at one time editor of the New Monthly Magazine. His
unfinished history Athens: Its Rise and Fall was published posthumously.
In 1866 Bulwer-Lytton was raised to the peerage as Baron Lytton.
Bulwer-Lytton had long suffered with a disease of the ear and for the last two or
three years of his life he lived in Torquaynursing his health. Following an
operation to cure deafness, an abscess formed in his ear, he died on 18 January
1873 just before his 70th birthday. Rosina outlived him by nine years. Against
his wishes, Bulwer-Lytton was honoured with a burial in Westminster Abbey.
Bulwer-Lytton’s name lives on in the annual Bulwer-Lytton Fiction
Contest, in which contestants think-up terrible openings for imaginary novels,
inspired by the first line of his 1830 novel Paul Clifford: It was a dark and
stormy night.
79
Famous quotations by Bulwer-Lytton:
The pen is mightier than the sword.
Pursuit of the almighty dollar.
A fool flatters himself, a wise man flatters the fool.
A fresh mind keeps the body fresh. Take in the ideas of the day, drain
off those of yesterday.
A man of genius is inexhaustible only in proportion as he is always
renourishing his genius.
Art and science have their meeting-point in method.
Popular works by Bulwer-Lytton:
Novels:
Leila: or The Siege of Granada (1838)
Calderon, the Courtier (1838)
Zicci: a Tale (1838)
The Pilgrims of the Rhine (1834)
Falkland (1827)
Pelham: or The Adventures of a Gentleman (1828)
The Disowned (1829)
Devereux (1829)
Paul Clifford (1830)
Eugene Aram (1832)
Godolphin (1833)
Falkland (1834)
The Last Days of Pompeii (1834)
Rienzi, the last of the Roman tribunes (1835)
The Student (1835)
Ernest Maltravers (1837)
Alice, or The Mysteries (1838) A sequel to Ernest Maltravers
Night and Morning (1841)
Zanoni (1842)
The Last of the Barons (1843)
Lucretia (1846)
Harold, the Last of the Saxons (1848)
The Caxtons: A Family Picture (1849)
My Novel, or Varieties in English Life (1853)
80
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]