Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности для судовых электромехаников. Практикум для СПО
.pdf
51
3.2. Find out the answers in the right column.
1. Why should an electrician never work
on a cluttered bench?
2. What should an electrician do before
replacing a burned-out fuse?
3. What should a replacement fuse be like?
4. What must an electrician do without fail
before removing a fuse?
5. When may safety devices be disconnected?
6. What is the regular position of the covers
of fuse boxes and junction boxes?
7. Who will remove the safety tag from a
circuit after the repair work has been
completed?
8. Who can give the order to close
a previously open circuit?
9. In what position should an electrician
secure the relevant cutoff switches before
beginning repair or overhaul?
10. Who may perform repair and maintenance
on electrical equipment?
a) only authorized and assigned personnel may
do it.
b) they should be secured in the open position.
c) the person in charge of the repairs can order that.
d) the same person that placed the tag should
do it.
e) they should be kept securely closed.
f) they may be disconnected only for replacement.
g) first he must deenergize the circuit.
h) it should be of correct current and voltage
rating.
i) he should carefully check the circuit for
possible faults.
j) because that may lead to short circuit, shocks
and accidents.
4. Read and translate the text.
Electrical safety precautions
There are certain safety precautions you should observe when working with or
around electrical appliances and equipment. There are some of the most common
electrical safety precautions all shipboard personnel are required to follow:
a) check personal electrical equipment through the Electrical Manuals to see if
it can be used aboard ship;
b) observe and follow all instructions and electric warning on board ship;
c) observe all safety precautions regarding portable electric lights and tools.
(Use rubber gloves and goggles.);
d) remember, 120 volt electricity is dangerous;
52
e) do not touch or operate any device has a danger or caution tag attached
without first contacting the EO;
f) do not go behind electrical switchboards;
g) do not touch bare electric wires or connections; assume all circuits to be
ALIVE;
h) do not remove steamtight globes from lighting fixtures;
i) do not remove battle lanterns from their locations;
j) do not use manually operated hand battle lanterns for unauthorized purposes;
k) do not use electric cable runs to hoist or support any weight;
l) do not use the wireways for storage;
m) do not permit water to get into electrical equipment;
n) remember, a flame, spark, or lighted cigarette can cause a battery explosion;
o) remember, electrolyte from a storage battery can cause severe burns and can
damage equipment and clothing;
p) when you repair equipment that is driven by a motor, have an electrician
disconnect the circuit and tag it as out of commission;
q) do not start or operate electrical equipment when flammable vapors are
present;
r) learn the electrical safety precautions applicable to your assigned duties and
duty station;
s) by thoroughly understanding electrical safety precautions, you will help prevent
injury to yourself and damage to equipment.
4.1. Tell about the main safety precautions.
53
UNIT 6. ACTIONS IN EMERGINCIES
1. Read and translate the text.
Emergence organization
General
The ship’s emergency organization comprises all members of the ship's company
who will be directly involved in responding to a general emergency.
The emergency organization is centered on an emergency squad which comprises
a number of selected officers and ratings and which will take any action necessary
and possible to deal with an emergency. On sounding the emergency station signal or
fire alarms the emergency squad will muster at the emergency headquarters from
which position they will collect their equipment.
Selected personnel will be assigned to special duties. Their actions will largely
be governed by the circumstances but their principal functions will be to provide
technical support
Emergency organization at sea
Emergency squad will normally consist of the following personnel:
chief officer;
2nd engineer;
2nd officer;
3rd engineer;
3rd officer;
bosun;
selected deck;
E/R ratings.
The chief officer and the 2nd engineer will always be no's 1 and 2 of the
emergency squad, with the chief officer normally in charge when tackling emergencies
outside of the engine room and the 2nd engineer taking charge of emergencies within
the machinery spaces.
54
Support squad
The support squad will be in charge of a deck officer and its main duties will
be to: supply extra equipment to the emergency squad:
provide extra (or substitute) manpower;
form additional hose parties if instructed;
conduct boundary cooling or boundary starvation as directed;
prepare lifeboats and life rafts if required.
Thus the main function of this squad will be to provide support and back up for
the emergency squad.
Allocation of emergency stations
Before leaving port, the master will arrange for emergency stations to be allocated
to everybody on board.
The stations or duties are recorded on the Muster List (аварийное расписание).
Command
The master will be in overall command of the emergency and will normally
proceed to the bridge whether (независимо от того) the ship is at sea or in port.
General emergencies
Situations which are considered general emergencies are many and varied and
may include any of the following:
spillage of petroleum cargo;
fire in cargo area;
fire in machinery spaces or control room;
fire in accommodation or store room spaces;
person’s overcome by toxic gas or anoxia;
man overboard;
collision;
grounding;
helicopter crash or ditching.
55
Machinery or control system alarm are not normally considered to be general
emergencies and the emergency station signal should only be sounded of a mechanical
or control system failure has resulted, or may result in a general emergency.
Emergency Station Signal
The signal for a general emergency is the continuous sounding of the emergency
alarms accompanied by four blasts on the ship’s whistle.
Lifeboat Station Signal (шлюпочная тревога)
The life boat station signal will be seven or more short blasts followed by one
long blast on the ship’s whistle and repeated on the emergency alarms.
The order to abandon the ship will be given only by master or his deputy.
Special duties
Chief Engineer
If not in the engine room at the time of the emergency, he will proceed first to
the emergency headquarters and once informed of the nature of the emergency and
will act on his own discretion (по собственному усмотрению) and in consultation
with the master.
Electrician
As direсted by chief engineer the electrician must isolate electric circuits and to
stop/start machinery.
Duty Engineer
During manned engine room operations, the duty engineer will remain on
watch even if he is a member of the emergency squad.
During unmanned engine room operations, the duty engineer will always
proceed first to the emergency headquarters to establish the nature of the emergency.
If the automatic fire detection system in the engine room is the cause of the
alarm, investigation must be undertaken by properly equipped senior engine room
personnel.
Emergency organization in port
Sufficient personnel should always remain on board to deal with emergencies.
The telephone number of the port emergency services together with any other means
of summoning assistance, should be posted in prominent positions on arrival in port.
56
The local fire or emergency services will usually assume control in a major emergency.
The ship's emergency organization will therefore be prepared to:
tackle the emergency in the first instance;
contact and assist the local fire and emergency services if and after they have
taken control.
When the emergency alarms are sounded in port, all members of the ship's company
will muster on deck, outside the emergency headquarters, with the following
exceptions:
the master and the radio officer will proceed to the bridge. If both are ashore,
another officer must 6e detailed to man the bridge;
the chief engineer officer will proceed to the engine room;
watch keepers in the engine room will remain on watch;
supernumeraries, visitors and shore labour will proceed ashore;
An emergency party will be formed from the personnel remaining on board:
if the emergency is in the engine room, the senior engineer officer will direct
operations. The senior deck officer will direct operations to deal with situation outside
the machinery spaces. The bridge will be the main command and communications
centre and will form a link with the shore. If there is a possibility of the bridge
becoming isolated due to the nature and location of the emergency, the command and
communications centre will transfer to the emergency headquarters.
Emergency procedures
General
Anyone may initiate an emergency (поднять тревогу) by simply pressing the
emergency alarm switch. This will bring the emergency party to the emergency
headquarters and alert (привести в состояние готовности) the remaining members
of the emergency organization.
A person having sounded the emergency alarms must also report the location
and nature of the emergency (место и характер аварии) to the bridge or to the
emergency headquarters.
57
Emergency alarm actions
1. The emergency squad will muster at the emergency headquarters with the
utmost speed.
The first officer to arrive at the emergency headquarters will contact the bridge
to advise or enquire about the nature and location of the emergency. In any case,
communications must be established with the master. On leaving the emergency
headquarters, the emergency squad will use portable VHF transceivers/walkie —
talkie for communications.
2. Personnel assigned with special duties will proceed to their stations
(посты).
3. The first aid and provision squad will proceed to their muster point (место
сбора).
4. The support squad will muster and await instructions.
5. Communications will be established between bridge and engine room.
6. The emergency squad will collect the necessary equipment and proceed to
scene of the emergency (место аварии).
Engine room fire
The engine room is a high — risk area with most of the combustible materials
being class В (oil). Although a fire may start from an electrical source, it will, if
unchecked, very likely spread to oils and fuels.
Foam is the best fire fighting medium to fight an oil fire and the emergency
squad will proceed to the scene of a fire in the engine room with the portable foam
making equipment.
If an outbreak of fire occurs when the engine room is manned, the person who
discovers it should, after raising the alarm, try and extinguish it, using the nearest
portable appliance.
If however, the fire is too large to be tackled in this way, personnel in the
engine room should first assemble in the control room where the senior officer (старший
no званию) will decide whether an attempt should be made to tackle the fire with
hoses and foam or whether the engine room should be evacuated. He will also contact
the bridge by telephone. Needless to say (само собой разумеется) such decisions
and necessary actions must be taken quickly.
58
If a fire is indicated in the engine room when it is in the unmanned condition,
the duty engineer must on no account (ни в коем случае не должен) proceed there
on his own (no собственной инициативе). Instead he will report to the emergency
headquarters. The fire fighting team will be formed by members of the emergency
squad under the direction of the second engineer.
1.1. Learn new words and expressions:
emergency squad — аварийная партия;
emergency station(s) — аварийный пост (обязанности);
general emergency — общесудовая тревога;
general emergency signal — сигнал общесудовой тревоги;
emergency headquarters/EHQ — аварийный штаб, командный пункт;
to muster at — собираться в ...;
to proceed to — направляться в ...;
nature of emergency — характер аварии;
to deal with emergency — действовать в условиях аварийной ситуации;
to tackle the emergency — ликвидировать аварию;
support squad — группа поддержки;
tackling emergency — такелажная аварийность;
muster list — расписание по тревогам (аварийное расписание);
to be in charge of — быть во главе, возглавлять, руководить;
to be in (overall) command of (the situation) — полностью владеть ситуацией;
safety officer — лицо из командного состава, отвечающее за безопасность;
to take over (navigating) duties — взять на себя обязанность (по управлению
судном);
to remain on watch — оставаться на вахте;
an unmanned engine room — безвахтенное машинное отделение;
a manned engine room — с вахтенным обслуживанием;
to extinguish fire — тушить пожар;
to deal with the problem (situation) — заниматься решением проблемы;
to investigate the reason — выяснить причину;
search and fire-aid team — поисково-спасательная партия и группа оказания
первой помощи;
59
survival craft — спасательная шлюпка;
to activate a foam system — приводить в действие систему пенотушения;
boundary cooling — орошение переборок;
to put up a water wall — создать водяную завесу;
to prevent the spread of fire — помешать распространению огня;
to arrest transfer of heat — прекратить распространение горячего воздуха;
high risk area — зона повышенного риска;
an outbreak of fire — возникновение пожара;
to make an attempt to tackle fire — делать попытку справиться с огнем;
major conflagration — сильное возгорание;
emergency alarm — аварийная тревога;
senior officer — старший по званию;
foam — пена;
casualty — пострадавший.
1.2. Answer the questions using the texts.
1. Whom does the emergency squad consist of?
2. What are the main duties of the support squad?
3. Where are the stations or duties recorded?
4. What situations are considered to be general emergencies?
5. What is the signal for a general emergency?
6. Who gives the order to abandon the ship?
7. What must the electrician do when emergency situation occurs?
8. Will the duty engineer remain on watch during manned engine room
operations?
9. What must the duty engineer remain on watch during unmanned engine
room operations?
1.3. Answer the questions using the texts.
1. How many people should always remain on board in port to deal with
emergencies?
2. Where does the crew muster when the emergency alarms are sounded in port?
3. Where will the master proceed?
4. Where does the chief engineer remain?
60
5. Where will the watch keepers remain?
6. Who will direct operations when:
a) the emergency is in the engine room?
b) The emergency is outside the machinery spaces?
7. What is the main command and communication centre?
1.4. Answer the questions using the texts.
1. Why the engine room is considered «a high risk area»?
2. What is the best fire fighting medium to fight an oil fire?
3. What should your first steps be on discovering fire in a manned engine room?
4. What are the duties of the senior officer when the fire in the engine room is
too large?
5. What measures are taken when fire is indicated in an unmanned engine room?
Who is the fire fighting team heated by in this case? / Who is in charge of the firefighting team?
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]