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Файл:The world of business. Tutorial
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11
Exercise 7. Fill in the gaps with the words from the list:
corporation, efficient, control, franchisee, shareholders, benefit from,
debts, profit, for-profit, sole proprietor, financial, unlimited liability,
outputs, liability, income.
1. Every form of business besides the ….. is considered a separate
entity, and this often provides a measure of legal and ….. protection for the
shareholders.
2. It is obvious that ….. is the dominant form of business organization
in the present market.
3. Partnerships must have at lease one General Partner who assumes
….. for the business.
4. ….. are tangible results produced by company, such as products or
services for consumers.
5. The owner of the sole proprietorship has personal ….. of the debts
incurred by the business.
6. A corporation is owned by multiple ….. .
7. Partnership: is a form of business in which two or more people
operate to achieve the objectives which is often making ….. .
8. Businesses organizations can be not-for-profit, ….. or state-owned.
9. You ….. any advertising or promotion made by the owner of the
franchise – the “franchisor”.
10. Franchise occurs when the owner of a business (the franchisor)
grants a license to another person or business (the ….) to use their business
idea.
11. Many businesses are small but provide good …. to the owners.
12. It is very difficult to name the most …. form of business
organization.
13. A sole proprietorship is a form of business which gives its owner a
full …. over operations.
14. Shareholders are responsible for the …. up to their investments in
the company.
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Exercise 8. Translate into English.
Корпорация
Создание корпорации – это наиболее сложный и дорогостоящ-
ий путь организации бизнеса. Корпорации выпускают акции, которые
определяют форму раздела собственности. В закрытых корпорациях
лишь немногие люди владеют акциями и торгуют ими
непосредственно, а в открытых акции продают любому человеку,
желающему их купить. Продажа и скупка акций осуществляется через
брокеров. Но сначала, необходимо провести подписку на акции и
подготовить необходимые для регистрации документы. Далее
предстоит получить разрешение властей на создание в данном штате
корпорации с указанием ее прав и ограничений на ее деятельность.
Собственность корпорации юридически четко определена в
отношении каждого собственника, что обусловливает определенную
защиту взносов каждого акционера, или держателя акций.
Собственниками корпорации часто являются не те люди, которые ею
руководят (собственниками корпорации являются акционеры, а
менеджеры – не обязательно).
Цены на акции растут или падают в зависимости от того,
насколько хорошо работает фирма и насколько она нравится обществу. Например, когда фармацевтическая компания изобретает
какое-то новое чудодейственное лекарство, то цены на ее акции
подскакивают даже до того момента, как товар попадает на прилавок.
Следует учесть, что общественное мнение о компании может повлиять
на цены почти в той же мере, как и ее работа.
Держателей акций скупают еще больше акций в надежде, что
компания будет хорошо работать и зарабатывать. Таким образом,
стоимость акций возрастет. Если рост фирмы начинает замедляться, а
деньги теряться, то люди продают свои акции. Держатели акций
имеют право посещать собрание акционеров и принимать решения по
основным вопросам, таким, например, как замена членов совета
директоров, а иногда и президента.
Совет директоров не участвует практически в работе фирмы,
но принимает важнейшие решения и собирается несколько раз в год
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для того чтобы убедиться в том, что все в порядке. Решения
повседневного характера, касающиеся непосредственной работы
фирмы принимаются менеджерами, которых нанимает совет
директоров. Совет директоров имеет право как нанять, так и уволить
менеджера, не справившегося с поставленной задачей. Самих
директоров избирают акционеры.
Президент и/или исполнительный директор управляет фирмой
и принимает на себя общую ответственность за работу фирмы.
Speaking
Exercise 1. What kind of business organizations (a sole trader,
a partnership, a public or private limited company and others) do you
think these are? Give your reasons.
1. A small shop.
2. A restaurant.
3. A chemical plant.
4. A large commercial bank.
5. A farm.
6. A chain of clothes stores.
Exercise 2. What kind of business organization can be described by the
following words and expressions?
1. all profits belong to the owner;
2. a shareholder is not personally liable for the debts or obligations;
3. limited financial liability;
4. difficult to organize;
5. unlimited personal responsibility;
6. pooling;
7. listing on the stock exchange;
8. expand;
9. strict legal regulation;
10. flexibility.
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Exercise 3. Answer the following questions.
1. What business organizations do you know?
2. What do you know about Sole Proprietorship?
3. What do you know about Partnership?
4. What do you know about Corporation?
5. What do you know about Private Corporation?
6. What do you know about Public Corporation?
7. What do you know about Franchises?
8. What are their advantages and disadvantages?
9. Which business organization would you run?
15
Unit 2
MANAGEMENT
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.
Management
Nowadays the English word “management” is well known all over
the world. Management has become the subject of increasing interest; the
definition of management is the central point of discussion today. It is
undoubtedly that there is the difference between what is meant by “management” and by “administration”. Harold Koonz, the theorist of management,
gives the following definition: “Managing is the art of getting things done
through and with people in formally organized groups”. What is not in
doubt is the fact that management is the both: the skill and the art of
directing human activities by the achievement of predetermined goals. It
deals with the process of making decisions. As for “administration”, it is
not easy to define and to make clear the distinction between that and
management. It is used in the field of narrower activity of regulation day-today operations of any organizational section. The word “administration” is
used to describe the various top functions in public service; it is the part of
management and it is rarely taken to be involved in decision policy-making.
Finally, it should be noted that “management” and “administration” are in
close interrelation. It is well known that for most companies standing still
means simply the death: they have to grow or die. So, it is the main goal of
management to enforce a company in its development.
This is a structure of management:
Owners (shareholders)
Directors
Chief Executive Officer
Senior executive officers (general and top functional managers)
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Middle management (departmental managers)
Objectives and policies
The purpose of management follows from the main objective of
business activity: that is the profit maximization. The desire for money
obliges entrepreneurs look for new management techniques or use the
better from the old ones to protect their business interests.
But it isn’t the sole management objective; the other objectives are
subservient to this. It must be named as well the behavioral science view
on management objectives. Managers can set objectives by fulfilling their
own interest more than that of the owners. The Stakeholder Theory states
that there is a number of interested parties to formulate the objectives: not
only managers and stakeholders, but also consumers, suppliers,
employees, etc. Therefore, management must unite the interests of all
these groups. So, the management objectives can be seen to be socioeconomic. The organizational policy is shaped out of the combination of
objectives and social factors. Surely, it is true to say that top managers
develop the policy and objectives, according to the accepted firm’s
philosophy, so, the agreeing and policy formulating are the important
responsibilities of any objectives executives.
The following figure shows the main fields of organizational
objectives and policies.
It is sufficient to say that the objectives represent what a company
has to achieve.
In a traditional company there are the policy committees: the
finance committee, the marketing committee, the personnel committee, the
production committee, and so on. They coordinate all the efforts for the
successful policy-making process. In the modern world of rapid
technological development and change, any organization must have
specific and clear goals to be profitable and successful.
17
It must be remembered that executives should do their best to
manage their companies effectively and successfully. According to Peter
Dracker, success is the result of doing the right things, whereas the
effectiveness is caused by doing things right. Taking into account that
management concept, a team of executives ensures the complete way of
running business.
Exercise 2. Find English equivalents of the following words and
expressions in the text:
предмет растущего интереса, искусство добиваться выполнения
работ, влекущий за собой ответственность за, остается
несомненным факт, искусство координирования человеческой
деятельности, поставленные цели, главные функции, общественные
услуги, быть вовлеченным, разработка политического курса,
взаимоотношения, остановка, привести к развитию, исполнительный
директор, функциональные менеджеры, руководитель отдела,
средний уровень управления, максимизация прибыли, методы
управления, зависеть от, поставить цель, удовлетворять
собственные интересы, участник совместного дела,
заинтересованная сторона, потребитель, поставщик, служащий,
социально-экономический, быть сформированным, в соответствии с,
основная сфера, комитет по политической стратегии,
координировать усилия, являться причиной (здесь: достигается),
вести бизнес.
Exercise 3. Translate the following words and expressions from the text
into Russian:
subject of increasing interest, central point of discussion, directing human
activities, predetermined goals, day-to-day operations, narrower activity,
top functions, public service, policy-making, interrelation, Chief Executive
Officer, Senior executive officers, profit maximization, main objective,
desire for money, business activity, subservient to, interested parties,
behavioral science view, objectives executives, running business, policymaking process.
18
Exercise 4. Put a tick next to the sentence if you think it’s true, and
correct it if it’s false.
1. There is no difference between what is meant by “management”
and by “administration”.
2. Some authors view management as a skill whereas the other
theorists state that it is an art.
3. Administration is the top part of management and it is rarely taken
to be involved in decision policy-making.
4. Main objective of business activity is the profit maximization.
5. The organizational policy is shaped out of the combination of
objectives only.
6. The management objectives are economic.
7. It is not important for a company to have clear goals to be
profitable and successful.
Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps with the words from the list:
achieve, subordinates, interacting, customers, influence, implementation,
competitive, skills, objectives, capability.
1. Manager is responsible for strategy development and …. in terms of
changing environment.
2. Manager should motivate his …. for the company to grow.
3. …. are what the firm is aiming to achieve.
4. The link between the company and its …. must be firm.
5. Personnel is the most …. advantage of any firm which wants to
achieve its strategic objectives.
6. Managers spend most of their time …. with others and in meetings,
where they get and give information.
7. Very often managers are motivated by high salaries but not by the
opportunity to …. effective results through others.
8. Managers direct and …. their subordinates.
9. Managerial …. are extremely difficult to develop in the classroom,
so it must be done in real situation.
10. The …. to deal with emotions is very important for a manager.
19
Exercise 6. Compare your translation of the statements with the given
Management in all business
and human organization activity is
the act of getting people together
to accomplish desired goals and
objectives. Management comprises
planning, organizing, staffing,
leading or directing, and
controlling an organization or
effort for the purpose of
accomplishing a goal.
Management goes beyond the
organization’s internal operations to
include the industry and the general
environment.
The key emphasis is on issues
related to environmental scanning
and industry analysis, appraisal of
current and future competitors,
assessment of core competencies,
strategic control and the effective
allocation of organizational
resources.
Менеджмент в деятельности
любой экономической или
социальной организации это акт
объединения людей с целью
достижения поставленных задач и
целей. Менеджмент включает в
себя планирование, организацию,
обеспечение кадрами,
координацию и контролирование
организации или работы
направленной на достижение
цели.
Менеджмент не
ограничивается лишь внутренней
деятельностью предприятия, т.к.
охватывает производство и
общую внешнюю среду.
Основное внимание уделяется
вопросам, связанным с изучением
внешней среды и анализом
производства, оценкой настоящих
и будущих конкурентов,
определением основных
компетенций, стратегическим
контролем и эффективным
распределением
организационных ресурсов.
below.
20
Management focuses on the
entire organization from both a short
and a long-term perspective.
Management is the managerial
process of forming a strategic
vision, setting objectives, crafting a
strategy and then implementing the
strategy.
Management by objective tells
a manager what he ought to do. The
proper organization of his job
enables him to do it, but it is the
spirit of the organization that
determines whether he will do it or
not.
A manager has to make ordinary human beings perform better
than they are capable of, that it
brings out whatever strength there
is in its members and uses it to
make all other members perform
better. It is the test of an
organization that it neutralizes the
weaknesses of its members.
There are five areas in which
practices are required to ensure the
right spirit throughout management
organization.
Руководство сосредоточено
на всей организации, как в
краткосрочной, так и в
долгосрочной перспективе.
Менеджмент – это
организаторский процесс
формирования стратегического
виденья, постановки задач,
создания стратегии с ее
последующим выполнением.
Руководство фирмы ставит
перед менеджером определенные
задачи в соответствии с целями,
стоящими перед нею. Хорошая
организация работы дает ему
возможность их выполнить.
Однако именно дух организации
определяет, выполнит он их или
нет.
Менеджер должен заставить
обычных людей работать лучше,
чем они могут, полностью
реализовать достоинства всех ее
членов и использовать их так,
чтобы все работали больше и
лучше. Показателем хорошей
организации работы будет
высокая степень нейтрализации
недостатков работников.
Существует 5 требований,
которые нужно выполнять, чтобы
сохранить надлежащую атмосферу
в организации.
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