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Файл:Cross-Cultural Communication Overcoming the Differences. Учебное пособие
.pdf
Unit 3. Power of Languages
51
1. ________________
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
5. ________________
6. ________________
7. ________________
8. ________________
9. ________________
10. ________________
11. ________________
12. ________________
13. ________________
14. ________________
15. ________________
16. ________________
17. _________________
a. is spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan.
b. is spoken on the Philippines and has
unusual grammar and odd sentences.
c. is spoken in Pakistan and similar to Hindi
in grammar structures.
d. needs some brain adjustment.
e. is based on a dialect.
f. One word can mean 3 different things
depending on a tone.
g. used to be spoken in India and served
Hinduism and Buddhism .
h. is spoken in Netherlands, has interesting
words and is close to English and
German.
i. has two official variants. 1000 of symbols
are enough to operate it.
j. is spoken in one part of the U.S. but is
different from Latin.
k. is spoken in Namibia, Zimbabwe,
Botswana and quite similar to Dutch.
l. is spoken in Scotland and Ireland and
could be a language of witches.
m. 2,5 mln people speak it and has cases.
n. is spoken in North Africa and Middle East
and has exotic sounds which English
doesn’t have.
o. was first used 3000 years ago.
p. is spoken on the Ireland and has unique
looking “letters”.
q. has a tricky pronunciation and is often
mispronounced.
r. is spoken by Dracula in the film and has a
cute accent in English.
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
52
18. _________________
19. _________________
20. _________________
s. could be found in Montenegro and
Albania and has similar features with
German and Greek.
t. Is spoken by 80 mln people and is not as
difficult to the Asians as to Europeans.
5. Discuss with a partner.
1. Did any information from the video surprise you?
2. Which of these languages would you like to learn?
3. Where is a place for Russian in this list? Why?
Let’s speak!
1. Speaking foreign languages, it is natural to
misunderstand each other. What kind of
misunderstandings can there be? How can we clarify
what we mean? Can we ask for clarification another
person?
2. In Russian it is fine to ask a question “What?” if
you cannot hear a phrase well or misunderstand it. Can you say it in English?
3. Look at the phrases below. Which of them do you use to express the lack of
understanding, clarify what you mean and ask for clarification?
Unit 3. Power of Languages
53
4. Watch the video and add more phrases to the list. Practice saying them.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRixnML0Dnc&t=56s
5. A. Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue using the phrases above. Act it out.
Teacher: Today we are going to discuss
some traditions which may vary in different
countries.
You: (express lack of understanding)
____________________________
You: (Ask for clarification)
_______________________________
Teacher: (Giving clarification)
______________________________
B. Make up a similar dialogue. Students A is in a shop. You forgot the word in
English of what you want to buy. Student B is a shop-assistant. Express the lack
of understanding and ask for clarification. Tick the phrases you used.
54
Unit 4. SCHOOL IS COOL AROUND THE WORLD
Lead-in. What differences do you think these pictures show in school lives
from different countries?
1. 2.
3. 4.
Unit 4. School is Cool Around the World
55
1. Discuss with a partner which of the rules below is not real? Why? Read the
text and give the title to each part using these rules. Check your ideas about
the rules.
a. Having a lesson with parents once a week
b. A handstand as a punishment.
c. Deodorants are forbidden.
d. Time for nap
e. Limited visits to toilet
f. No Red Ink
g. Coloring hair is banned
h. No to raised hands
i. You cannot have best friends
j. Frozen peas help
k. A list of forbidden words
10 Bizarre School Rules From All Over the World
School rules are necessary to establish a healthy and positive environment for
each student to grow and learn. But some rules out there are hard to justify and
bring out a lot of discussion between school management, teachers, parents, and
psychologists. Here is a list of strange rules at schools around the world.
10. __________________________
A student from China revealed a photo of her knees after she
was subjected to a school punishment of kneeling on frozen
peas. Some claim that this practice is common among teachers
and parents throughout Asia and students must obey.
9. ___________________________
Schools in England and beyond are starting to forbid students to have best
friends. Some parents, teachers, and psychologists claim that kids grow up more
well-adjusted if they have bigger friend groups. Besides, nobody feels left out.
Critics argue that best friends bring lifelong value. A study by Child
Development found that those with best friends have better mental health
throughout their lives.
8. _____________________________
Schools in Tokyo ban students from dyeing their hair. 57% of public schools in
the capital require pupils to prove that their hair is their natural color. To prevent
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
56
students from lying, teachers may have to call home to ask parents for childhood
photos.
This is explained by the homogeneous culture. There is a lot of focus on
uniformity, so a small difference from the norm stands out a lot and brings
criticism.
7. _____________________________
The New York Department of Education banned a number of words from being
used in standardized tests issued by the city. Students of some religions
(Jehovah’s Witnesses, for example) might not feel comfortable talking about
birthdays as they don’t celebrate them. Words like poverty, divorce, and disease
are out too as they might bring up painful memories or relate to a child’s family
situation.
6. _______________________________
We grew up with teachers marking our assignments with red ink, a bright color
to point out all our mistakes. These days, red ink can’t be used by many schools
in Australia and the UK. Some claim that red ink can harm kids psychologically
as the color demotivates students or brings fear and pressure.
Green, pink, yellow, purple, and blue are more relaxing, and checks or crosses
don’t look threatening anymore.
5. _______________________________
The age-old practice of raising hands to answer a question, according to a school
in Nottinghamshire, is useless and has been banned. The principal of the school
claims they always have the same hands going up. This does not encourage and
support the learning of others in the class. Now a teacher can choose any student
to answer the question but students don’t have to raise their hands.
Some parents argue that now their kids feel nervous and scared. They might be
chosen when they don’t know the answer and lose the opportunity to answer the
question they do know.
4. _______________________________
AXE body spray is not allowed in high school in Pennsylvania after a student
had a serious allergic reaction and was taken to the hospital. This was not the
first case. More schools have started to ban spray deodorants as teenagers
sometimes overspray in their desire to smell good. Allergic reactions and fire
alarms going off are on the list of over-spraying consequences.
Unit 4. School is Cool Around the World
57
3. _______________________________
Students in China are allowed to take a 30-minute nap in
the middle of the day. Teachers believe that a nap can
improve one's memory and provide energy for further
studying. Elementary school students can nap on the
desks and are allowed to bring blankets and pillows.
Older students have to nap in a sitting position, which often results in uneven
muscle development and spine problems.
2. ________________________________
A high school in Chicago limits the number of times a student is allowed to leave
a class to visit the bathroom: 3 in a semester. Anything over that has to be made
up after school ends. The principal explained to parents that students may use a
restroom visit as an excuse to miss class.
1. _________________________
Asia is famous for being strict with their students and
giving unusual punishments. One of these is making
students do handstands for being late or talking during
class. The list also includes push-ups, running, or keeping
your hands in the air. It can even go as far as a slap.
Preview photo credit bobaedream Retrieved from https://brightside.me/wonder-
curiosities/10-bizarre-school-rules-from-all-over-the-world-402810/
2. Find synonyms from the text to the following words:
Strange –
Create –
Explain –
Make public –
Bow to –
Colour (v) –
Similar –
Fight –
Chief –
3. Discuss with a partner.
1. Which rule do you find the strangest?
2. Are any of the rules true in Russia?
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
58
3. Do you have any unusual rules in your school?
Grammar
1. Read the rules. Then underline examples of must, have to, mustn’t, can’t, to
be allowed in the text.
Obligation, necessity, and permission
We use MUST and HAVE TO to talk about things that are necessary: Students
must obey the rules.
MUST can be a noun: to be a must
MUST can be a prefix: must-do, must-have, must-see
We use DON’T HAVE TO to talk about things that are not necessary but
possible: Students don’t have to raise their hands.
We use CAN to say it is OK to do something: it is allowed: Elementary school
students can nap on the desks.
We use CAN’T or MUSTN’T when we mean ‘Don’t do this’: Red ink can’t be
used by many schools in Australia and the UK.
We use TO BE ALLOWED when we have a permission to do something:
Students are allowed to bring blankets and pillows.
2. Complete the text about school rules in Japan using must, have to, mustn’t,
can’t, to be allowed in the text. Compare you answers with a partner.
8 Japanese School Rules.
Schools differ a lot from each other, but schools
from different countries are a total mass of
varieties. While Japanese people are beautiful
and fashionable, they ______(can’t be)
fashionable at school. Japanese schools have
pretty strict rules, and you ______(must) obey
them if you want to remain a student. That’s why they have one of the best
schools’ systems in the world. Here are some facts you probably didn’t know
about Japanese schools.
1. You _____(can’t) have you your favorite hairstyle at school.
Unit 4. School is Cool Around the World
59
It’s because children might be distracted by their hair. Boys ______(have to)
have a simple cut with no styling or layering. On the other hand, girls can have
their hair long or tie it up if they want . But styling it _______(is not allowed) in
any way.
2. No good appearances are allowed.
Children are told to focus only on their education. Girls ______(are not allowed)
to wear makeup, paint their nails, or shave their legs.
3. No relationships at school.
This is tough when you have a crush on someone from your class. If you were
there, you would never act on your feelings because relationships are strictly
banned in Japanese schools. According to teachers, Japanese students are too
young to think about this topic.
4. No substitute teachers.
If a teacher is absent or sick, then the class that was supposed to take is not
assigned to a different teacher. Instead, the students are alone in the class and
______ (have to) study on their own. In Japan this is not a problem due to the
great discipline that the students have.
5. Greetings are _____ (a must)
In the morning, every student must greet the teacher in their class. It is a tradition
for some schools to start the day off with meditation, so the students have some
positive energy in them before they start their long day.
6. You ___________ (are not allowed) to be late.
It is strictly against school rules to come to school late unless there is an urgent
situation. Although this is true for many schools, it is worth noting that Japanese
students are extremely punctual. Also, they will usually stay late after school for
extracurricular activities or extra classes.
7. Uniforms are necessary
Every school has a similar uniform in Japan. Boys are required to wear black
suits, whereas girls are required to wear plaid skirts.
8. You ______(can’t) bring food from home.
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
60
The school provides food for the students, and it can be either a bowl of rice,
fish, or soup. Students are actually punished if they don’t finish every bite of
their food. BUT this one doesn’t apply for high schools these days.
Retrieved from https://japaninsides.com/9-japanese-
school-rules-shocking-but-true/
3. Work in groups. Make a list of rules for a perfect school. Use can/can’t,
must/mustn’t, to be allowed.
Reading
1. Which of the following statements do you
agree/disagree with? Discuss with your partner.
THE YOUNGER YOU ARE, THE MORE
QUICKLY YOU LEARN.
EDUCATION = SUCCESS
WE LEARN FROM FAILURE, NOT
FROM SUCCESS!
2. A. Work individually. Think and complete first two columns in the table
about systems of education in Europe.
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