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Файл:Cross-Cultural Communication Overcoming the Differences. Учебное пособие
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Unit 2. Signs and Symbols of the World
31
and are therefore thought to be inferior to those in the metric system by some.
Critics of the metric system which was created for easy reference accuse it of
being arbitrary in return.
The United States is the only real stronghold of the imperial system in the
world to-date. Here, using miles and gallons is the norm, even though scientists
do use metric, new units like megabytes and megapixels are metric as well and
runners compete for 100 meters like everywhere else in the world. Myanmar and
Liberia are the only other countries in the world that haven’t officially adopted
the metric system yet. In both countries, metric measurements are used alongside
imperial ones. But the countries have said they want to switch over to the metric
system or are in the process of doing so. The U.S., as well, has made many grand
declarations about metric use in the past, and has even made metric “the
preferred system of weight and measure” in 1975 (without officially abandoning
the imperial system). Yet, the whole plan never quite caught on.
The UK is the country stuck in the middle of both systems. It became the
birthplace of the imperial system itself. Here, metric is partially adopted but
miles persist, and people routinely refer to pints, miles per gallon, pounds and
even stone in their everyday lives. Some imperial measurements are still around
in former Commonwealth countries like Canada, India, South Africa or Australia
as well, where people might refer to their body height and weight in imperial
units or put together a cake recipe in cups and tablespoons before shoving it into
an oven with a Fahrenheit scale.
Then again, some products are persistently imperially measured around the
world, irrespective of the country. Jeans sizes measuring waist and length
separately really are just inches, and piping and screen sizes are also referred to
in inches almost everywhere. Finally, pizza pies measured in inches have been
spotted in (mostly) metric countries like Australia and Canada.
by Katharina Buchholz, https://www.statista.com/chart/18300/countries-usingthe-metric-or-the-imperial-system/
2. Answer the questions.
1. What is used to measure distance, weight, height in the Imperial system?
2. What are the disadvantages of imperial system over the Metric system?
3. What system is used by scientists in the USA?
4. Why are both the Imperial system and Metric system used in Canada,
India, South Africa and Australia?
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
32
5. What products are traditionally measured with the help of the Imperial
system?
3. Replace the words from the sentences with words in red from the text.
1. Most of people in Britain don’t drink tea at 5 o’clock, but the tradition
remains in books.
2. We wouldn’t understand that symbol regardless of the text.
3. It is difficult to transfer old measurements into modern system.
4. They claimed it to be a capricious decision taken without much thinking.
5. Look at divided parts of that phenomenon.
6. He might feel second-rate after Richards’ promotion.
7. The evaluation of symbols can help in understanding the flags.
4. Look at the highlighted verbs in the text. Write the sentence with them in the
relevant section in B. Transform them into negative sentences and questions.
5. Choose and write the functions of each tense in C:
a) to refer to definite time in the past;
b) events that took place in the past but which connect with the present;
c) use expressions such as yesterday, two weeks ago, last year, when I
was…, in 1995;
d) S + V-ed/ 2V;
e) used with time expressions which indicate time up to now, for example
today, this year, in the last six months, since, just, already;
f) S + have/ has + V-ed/ 3V.
A B C
The Present Perfect
The Past Simple
Unit 2. Signs and Symbols of the World
33
6. Find mistakes in the sentences:
We haven’t seen them already.
Have you had your lunch already?
7. Match halves of the sentences.
1. I know he stayed
a. just lost their way in a foreign city.
2. They didn’t
b. been in Europe since last year.
3. I learnt
c. abroad two years ago.
4. Have you visited
d. explain what the flag meant?
5.My father has
e. want to use any new motto when
bought that company.
6. She hasn’t
f. Spanish years ago.
7. Did they
g. new international office yet?
8. My friends have
h. already learnt 4 languages.
8. A. Write 5 questions which start with “Have you ever?”
B. Work in pairs. Ask the partner questions with the Present Perfect. You MUST
answer “Yes, I Have” to any questions. Ask 2-3 follow-up questions with the
Past Simple. Try to find out if your partner is saying a truth or telling lies. If you
guess correctly, you get 2 points.
Model:
A: Have you ever talked to a foreigner?
B: Yes, I have.
A: Where did you meet him?
B: I met him in Moscow.
A: When was it?
B: Last year, on holidays.
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
34
A: You’re a liar! Last year there was a lockdown due to COVID-19.
B: That’s true.
Watching & Listening
1. Discuss in pairs. Do you use gestures when you communicate with other
people? What can gestures tell about the person? Can the same gestures have
different meanings in different countries?
2. Watch the video with the sound off.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLwsey11GSg&t=253s
What country was NOT shown in the video? Put the countries in the order
they appear in the video.
Nigeria _____ Poland _______ the USA ______
China ______ Mexico _______ India _______
Russia ______South Korea _____ Japan ________
3. A. Work in pairs. Look at the pictures from the video. Try to guess what
these gestures mean. Where are the people from?
a. b. c. d.
___________ _________ __________ __________
e. f. g.
_____________________________ ________________ __________________
Unit 2. Signs and Symbols of the World
35
h.
_____________________
B. Watch the video. Check your predictions. Did you guess them correctly?
4. Discuss in pairs.
1. Do you agree with the explanation of a gesture from the Russian girl?
2. What gestures are similar to gestures in Russia?
3. Which of the gestures in the video do you find the most unusual and
bizarre?
4. Prepare one gesture or mime something to a class. Can they guess
correctly? Do you think people abroad can understand them as well?
Writing
1. Look at the short messages. Match them with their meanings. What is the
difference between them? Who can send and receive them?
a
1. I am so excited for the party
tomorrow
b
2. You will need to bring a notepad, a
pen, etc.
c
3. Hey, I might be late by
approximately 20 minutes
d
4. Meet me at the library as soon as
possible.
Bring a notepad, a pen,
etc.
So excited for party
2morrow!CU!
Meet at lib.ASAP
Be L8 approx. 20 min
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
36
2. There are different ways to shorten the messages. What is the difference
between
Abbreviation –
Acronyms –
Contractions –
3. Look at the abbreviations and acronyms put them into correct column. What
do they mean? Which of abbreviations are quite possible in both styles now?
Lib. lb. Mr. Abbr.
Approx. H8
IMHO NVM e.g. CUL
ROFL
Mrs. N/A XOXO
Etc. ASAP km. DIY 2day
Formal abbreviations Informal abbreviations
NOTE! It is better to avoid contractions and acronyms in formal academic
writing or correspondence.
4. Rewrite the message using abbreviations, contracted forms of verbs, and
acronyms where possible.
Doctor Jones, who is currently undertaking research on Deoxyribonucleic Acid,
can not attend the World Health Organization conference being held in the
United States in October, 2016.
5. Write a text message to a friend using appropriate acronyms/ abbreviations:
– arrange a meeting for tomorrow;
– tell the class that an English lesson is cancelled and offer to do something
else;
– apologize for something.
Read your friend’s text and respond to it appropriately. You can use your
smartphones for this task.
Unit 2. Signs and Symbols of the World
37
Project work______________________________________________________
We all use gestures to support what we are saying. But what is normal in
one country, can be obscene in others. Look at the gestures below and find
some information about what they mean and how they are understood in
different countries.
What other gestures or behavior may be considered differently compared to
Russia? (nodding/ shaking with head; whistling; asking somebody to come
closer with index finger, etc.)
38
Unit 3. POWER OF LANGUAGES
Lead-in. Look at the words from the word cloud. Translate them into Russian.
Why are they called “false friends”? Can you give more examples of words like
this? Why do you think they appear in different languages?
Unit 3. Power of Languages
39
Vocabulary:
1. Match each verb with its synonym.
1. To pop up a. to look
2. To peek (into) b. to influence
3. To evolve c. to want
4. To perceive d. to deal with; solve
5. To facilitate e. to understand
6. To interact f. to support
7. To strengthen g. to communicate
8. To tackle h. to help
9. To aspire i. to grow
10. To impact j. to appear
2. Replace the word in italics with their synonyms. You do NOT need to use
one of the words from ex.1.
1. The best way to understand a new culture is to learn a new language.
2. To help learning, each group should have no more than 10 students.
3. We all wanted some international experience when decided to pass that
exam.
4. My new foreign friend says I’m communicating well with his family.
5. Our aim is to support the relationships with other students in our
international group.
6. If you can speak foreign languages, it can help to solve many problems
abroad.
7. If you learn new foreign words, they can suddenly appear in your mind.
8. A foreign language helps to look behind some cultural facts of other
countries.
9. Did the Russian language grow from the Old-Slavonic Language?
3. Look at the words from the text. Write them in the correct column.
Interconnected, debatable, cultural, unknown, inseparable, dialectical, regional,
interact.
Words with suffixes
Words with prefixes
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
40
What prefix means “not” and is used with adjectives,
adverbs, and verbs to give the opposite meaning? __________________
What prefix means “between; among” and is
used with some nouns, verbs, or adjectives? ___________________
What suffix is used with many verbs to make
adjectives describing something that can be done? __________________
What suffix is used with nouns to make adjectives only? _________________
4. a. Use suffixes -al, -able(-ible) to create adjectives: enjoy, music, admire,
politics, print, eat, comfort, emotion.
b. Use prefixes un-, in-, inter- to create possible forms of words: correct, tidy,
national, happy, continental, accurate, appropriate, stellar.
c. Choose any 3 words with suffixes and 3 words with prefixes and write your
own sentences.
Reading
1. Discuss with a class. Is there a relationship between a language and a
culture? Read a text. Find the best title for each part.
a. What is Culture?
b. What is Language?
c. How Culture is Related to Language?
d. Language is Needed for Effective Expression and Transmission of
Culture.
e. Evolution of Language and Culture
f. Want to Learn a Foreign Language? Learn about Culture First!
g. How Do Language and Culture Influence Our Personal Identity?
h. The Last Word.
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