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Файл:Cross-Cultural Communication Overcoming the Differences. Учебное пособие
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Unit 1. Cultural Diversity
21
Plan
Part
What the paragraph for
Useful language
Your ideas
Title
Illustrate the main idea
Paragraph 1
Introduction
briefly describe what
your article is about; use
a “hook” to make us read
it
It’s clear that…
We all know…
Have you ever
though?... But…
Paragraphs 2/3
state your ideas and
opinion, give examples
or proofs,
The reason for this
is…
I’d like to say/
add… Moreover…
One the one hand
…
For instance, …
Paragraph 4
Conclude; recommend
something or ask about
readers’ opinion
Follow this advice
and…
It’s definitely
worth/ not worth
…. Are you ?... Do
you think it’s …?
7. Write your article. Write 130–190 words. Imagine that you are the
editor of ‘TeenZone’ magazine. Read and decide whose article deserves
to be published on the site. Explain why.
Project Work
Work in groups or in pairs. Look at the cartoons from Unit 1.2. Why are
they funny? Can you think of any Russian national features or stereotypes
which can be turned into comics? Be positive and think about anecdotes,
everyday situations or traditional customs, for example. Draw a cartoon or
create comics. You can find opinions of other nations about Russian people
and use this information, too.
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
22
23
Unit 2. SIGNS AND SYMBOLS OF THE WORLD
1. Lead-in. Guess the country from the national symbols.
a) Mexico
b) Argentina
c) Brazil
d) Venezuela.
Solve the quiz on https://www.fly4free.com/flight-deals/europe/quiz-guess-thecountry-from-the-national-symbols. What helps you to recognize each country?
What symbols would you draw to put Russia into this quiz?
2. Look at different symbols and signs below and match them with their
meaning.
1. ″ a. small/ medium/ large/ extra large
2. & b. yuan (Chinese currency)
3. "lb" c. pint.
4. £ d. litre /liter
5. ft e. kilometer
6. ¥ f. ampersand
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
24
7. °F g. inch
8. °C h. gallon
9. pt i. pound (weight
10. gal j. degree Celsius
11. L k. ounce
12. km l. foot (length)
13. S/M/L/XL m. degree Fahrenheit
14. oz n. pound (currency of Britain)
15. ea. o. written abbreviation for ‘each’
Length/distance
weight
temperature
currency
Size
other
3. Answer the questions.
a. How many eggs is a price there for?
b. What is its weight in grams?
Unit 2. Signs and Symbols of the World
25
c. How many kg of grapes is the price for?
d. How big is a screen (in cm)?
e. What is Russian equivalent of a model’s size?
f. A cook puts a thermometer into a pot of water to see how hot it is. The
thermometer reads 132°, but the water is not boiling yet.
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
26
Which temperature scale is the thermometer measuring?
It’s Celsius/ Fahrenheit
Reading
1. Discuss in pairs. What can a flag say about the history of a country?
2. Use the words from the box to complete the sentences.
Vexillology inch coat of arms motto Metric system mile
innocence stripe valor vigilance innocence ounce pint
Imperial system
1. The study of the history, symbolism and usage of flags is ….
2. A unit of measurement of volume equal to about 0.47 liter is …
3. A design, which is the symbol of a family, university, city, or company, is …
4. A unit used for measuring length, approximately equal to 2.54 centimetres,
is …
5. The system of measurement based on the meter, the gram, and the liter as the
basic units of length, weight, and volume is …
6. The quality of not having much experience of life and not knowing about the
bad things that happen in life is…
7. A unit of weight equal to approximately 28 grams…
8. A word, phrase, or sentence that expresses the principles or belief of a
person, group, country, or organization is …
9. The traditional system of weights and measures used officially in Great
Britain from 1824 until 1965 is …
10. Great bravery is …
11. A strip on the surface of something that is a different colour from the
surrounding surface is …
12. More careful attention, especially in order to notice possible danger is…
13. A unit of distance equal to 1.6 kilometres is …
3. Ask and answer the questions.
1. Do you think vexillology can help in understanding national characters?
2. Have you got a motto?
3. Can ordinary people show vigilance in everyday life?
4. What countries have stripes on their flags?
Unit 2. Signs and Symbols of the World
27
5. What would you draw in a coat of arms of your family/class?
4. What colours are the most usual on countries’ flags in the world? What
colour can hardly ever be found on flags? Why?
Read the article and match each flag to a country.
a. b.
c. d.
e. f.
g. h.
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
28
Ode to the flag
Let’s take a look at some of the most interesting (and symbolic) flags from
countries around the world and learn a little bit more about the history behind
them.
1. South Korea___
We begin in South Korea. Its flag is known as Taegeukgi, which means
“Taegeuk flag.” The Taegeuk is a red-and-blue circle (which Westerns would
identify as a yin-and-yang). The blue represents negative forces and the red
positive, balancing each other out to create perfect harmony. There are also four
trigrams in each corner of the flag, which are said to represent earth, fire, water,
and heaven as well as the cardinal directions and family members. The basic
building blocks of life, no?
2. Spain____
Spanish flag is made up of two red bands (located on the top and bottom)
with a broader, yellow band in the center. On the yellow band is Spain’s national
coat of arms: the Pillars of Hercules (a name for the Strait of Gibraltar in
antiquity) topped with crowns (monarchy) and the Latin motto Plus Ultra, “More
Beyond” (referring to Columbus and his voyages). There are mixed ideas about
what the colors of the flag symbolize. Some think the yellow means generosity
and the red means bravery, while others say the red is the blood from a bullfight
and the yellow is the sand of the arena.
3. Mexico ____
The Mexican flag consists of three colors (called a tricolor in vexillology) left
to right: green, white, and red. Among other meanings, green symbolizes hope,
white unity, and red blood. In the center of the flag, there is Mexico’s
national coat of arms with an eagle sitting on a prickly pear cactus while eating a
rattlesnake. This image goes back to an old Aztec legend in which a god told a
tribal leader to set up a community once he came across such an eagle. In 1325,
it’s said, the leader and his tribe saw the eagle while crossing
through Tenochtitlan, now Mexico City.
4. Finland____
With a white background and blue cross (off-centered), Finland’s flag has a
similar look to Iceland, but it conveys different meanings. The color blue relates
to the country’s beautiful blue skies and sparkling lake waters, while the white
symbolizes its snow (this area is known to receive quite a bit, after all). The cross
relates to Christianity, which is the country’s main religion.
Unit 2. Signs and Symbols of the World
29
5. Brazil ____
Brazil’s flag has a green background (associated with the first emperor of the
country) with a yellow rhombus (associated with the first empress) and a blue
circle with white stars in the middle of it. The blue circle and starts represent the
sky as it appeared over Rio de Janeiro on November 15, 1889, when the Brazil
declared itself a republic. The stars (now 27 in total) refer to each Brazilian state.
Across the center of the blue circle, there is a motto, Ordem e Progresso, that
translates to “Order and Progress” and refers to philosopher Auguste Comte’s
famous quote: “Love as a principle and order as the basis; progress the goal.”
6. Iceland ____
Iceland’s flag is very much of the earth. It’s made of a blue background that
represents the color of the mountains when viewed from the ocean. It also has a
large red cross which signifies lava and volcanoes, while the white around the
cross represents glaciers. The cross, of course, is also a symbol of Christianity.
The flag of Denmark, from whom Iceland became fully independent in 1944,
also features a similar cross.
7. Canada ____
Canada’s flag features a red maple leaf, national emblem of the country. The leaf
is on white band between two red ones. Red and white are Canada’s national
colors.
Canada didn’t have an official national flag until 1965, and the selection of one
was the source a heated debate that result in the maple leaf flag today.
Contentions centered on, whether or not, to keep the Union Jack (flag of the UK)
on its new flag or not. All eventually agreed, however, that the maple leaf was
the way to go.
8. United States ____
Speaking of colonies, we end with the Stars and Stripes: the flag of the United
States. It features 13 stripes (seven red, six white), representing the original
colonies that broke from Great Britain. It now has 50 stars on a blue background,
for each state in the union. The white is said to indicate purity and innocence, red
valor and strength, and blue vigilance and justice.
https://www.dictionary.com/e/s/fun-with-flags/#ode-to-the-flag
5. Read the text one more time. Answer the questions.
1. What symbols on the Korean flag represent basic elements on Earth?
2. What traditional national custom does the Spanish flag reflect?
Cross-Cultural Communication: Overcoming the Differences
30
3. Why is there an eagle on the Mexican flag?
4. What do colours symbolize on the Finnish flag?
5. How are a man and a woman depicted on the Brazilian flag?
6. Why is there a cross on the Icelandic flag?
7. How old is the Canadian flag?
8. What do stripes represent on the American flag?
9. What does red colour symbolize in different countries?
10. What meanings does blue colour have in different countries?
6. Write a similar description of the Russian flag and its colours.
Grammar
1. Read the text. Are there still countries in the world with official Imperial
system of measurements?
METRIC VS. IMPERIAL SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD
Ounces, inches, feet and Fahrenheit – to most people on Earth these
measurement units are unfamiliar or a distant memory. Only three countries –
the U.S., Liberia and
Myanmar – still (mostly or
officially) stick to the
imperial system, which uses
distances, weight, height or
area measurements that can
ultimately be traced back to
body parts or everyday
items. Other than in the
metric system these units are
not easily divisible in parts
of hundreds or thousands
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