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Файл:Adaptive Physical Culture (Адаптивная физическая культура). Учебное пособие для студентов направления подгот. 034400.62 Физическая культура для лиц с
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TEXT 1.
Myths and Facts about
People with Disabilities
BEFOR E YOU READ :
Are there any people with disabilities in your surrounding? Are
they similar or differ from you? Do you know any myths about people
with disabilities? What are they? Read the following text and find out
whether you are right or not.
Everybody is fighting some kind of stereotype, and people with
disabilities are no exception. The difference is that barriers people
with disabilities face begin with people's attitudes – attitudes often
rooted in misinformation and misunderstandings about what it's like
to live with a disability.
Myth 1: People with disabilities are brave and courageous.
Fact: Adjusting to a disability requires adapting to a lifestyle, not brav-
ery and courage.
Myth 2: All people who use wheelchairs are chronically ill
or sickly. Fact: The association between wheelchair use and illness
may have evolved through hospitals using wheelchairs to transport
sick people. A person may use a wheelchair for a variety of reasons,
none of which may have anything to do with lingering illness.
Myth 3: Wheelchair use is confining; people who use wheelchairs are «wheelchair-bound». Fact: A wheelchair, like a bicycle or
an automobile, is a personal assistive device that enables someone
to get around.
Myth 4: All persons with hearing disabilities can read lips.
Fact: Lip-reading skills vary among people who use them and are
never entirely reliable.
Myth 5: People who are blind acquire a «sixth sense». Fact:
Although most people who are blind develop their remaining senses
more fully, they do not have a «sixth sense».
Unit 1
11
Myth 6: People with disabilities are more comfortable with
«their own kind». Fact: In the past, grouping people with disabilities
in separate schools and institutions reinforced this misconception.
Today, many people with disabilities take advantage of new opportunities to join mainstream society.
Myth 7: Non-disabled people are obligated to «take care of»
people with disabilities. Fact: Anyone may offer assistance, but most
people with disabilities prefer to be responsible for themselves.
Myth 8: Curious children should never ask people about their
disabilities. Fact: Many children have a natural, uninhibited curiosity
and may ask questions that some adults consider embarrassing.
But scolding curious children may make them think having a disability is «wrong» or «bad». Most people with disabilities won't mind answering a child's question.
Myth 9: The lives of people with disabilities are totally different
than the lives of people without disabilities. Fact: People with disabili-
ties go to school, get married, work, have families, do laundry, grocery shop, laugh, cry, pay taxes, get angry, have prejudices, vote,
plan and dream like everyone else.
Myth 10: It is all right for people without disabilities to park
in accessible parking spaces, if only for a few minutes. Fact: Be-
cause accessible parking spaces are designed and situated to meet
the needs of people who have disabilities, these spaces should only
be used by people who need them.
Myth 11: People with disabilities always need help. Fact: Many
people with disabilities are independent and capable of giving help.
If you would like to help someone with a disability, ask if he or she
needs it before you act.
Myth 12: There is nothing one person can do to help eliminate
the barriers confronting people with disabilities. Fact: Everyone can
contribute to change. You can help remove barriers by:
– understanding the need for accessible parking and leaving
it for those who need it;
– encouraging participation of people with disabilities in
community activities by using accessible meeting and event sites;
– understanding children's curiosity about disabilities and
people who have them;
– advocating a barrier-free environment;
– speaking up when negative words or phrases are used
about disability;
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– writing producers and editors a note of support when they
portray someone with a disability as a «regular person» in the media
accepting people with disabilities as individuals capable of the same
needs and feelings as yourself, and hiring qualified disabled persons
whenever possible.
From Myths and Facts about People with Disabilities: [Электронный ресурс]. –
Режим доступа : http:// easterseals.com›…facts-about-disability/ myths …
Дата обращения: 20.04.2012.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Put in the missing letters. Check yourself with
a dictionary: w-e-lc-a-r, -xc-p-i-n, c-r-os-ty, mi-u-de-s-an-ing, bl-nd,
a-si-ta-ce, -ou-a-e, -is-b-li-y, m-si-fo-m-ti-n, e-vi-on-ent.
Exercise 2. Find the right pronunciation of these words
in a dictionary, read them and explain their meaning: a disabled
person, lip-reading skills, to be responsible for smb, to be chronically
ill, to help someone with a disability.
Exercise 3. Match the words with their definitions and
translate them into Russian.
1. stereotype a. an informal disagreement between people
2. disability b. not influenced or controlled in any way
by other people, events or things
3. misunderstanding с. skilful and effective or having enough
ability or power to do smth
4. courage d. the state of feeling unhealthy
5. wheelchair
6. independent f. smb's help
7. capable g. the ability to control fear and to deal with
8. illness h. to help smb emotionally or practically
9. support i. a fixed set of ideas that is generally held
10. assistance j. a chair on wheels which people who are
e. a lack of the physical or mental power
or skill to do smth
danger, pain and uncertainty
about the characteristics of a particular type
of person or thing, which are wrongly believed to be shared by all the people and
things of that type
unable to walk use for moving around
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Put your answers in this table. Model:
1. i 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Exercise 4. Give Russian equivalents to the following
words and expressions, learn them and use in your topics.
to need help misinformation and misunderstandings
lip-reading skills to have an uninhibited curiosity
to have a «sixth sense» to be independent and capable
to remove barriers to be responsible for oneself
people with disabilities to join mainstream society
to live with a disability to transport sick people
Exercise 5. Read and translate the text «Myths and Facts
about People with Disabilities» with a dictionary. Choose sentences which help you to tell about misunderstandings of
people’s disabilities.
Exercise 6. Choose the best word to complete the sentences. Check yourself with a dictionary.
a) courage b) disability c) wheelchair d) independent
e) stereotypes f) supported g) assistance h) misunderstanding
1. Many teachers and parents are concerned that racist … are
being passed on to children through toys and books.
2. She is deaf, but refused to let her … prevent her from doing
what she wants to do.
3. They showed great ... when they found out about their
baby's disability.
4. He spent the last ten years of his life in a … after a fall
which left him paralysed from the waist down.
5. My family has always … me in whatever I've wanted to do.
6. The family is calling for an … enquiry into the cause of the
death.
7. His ridiculous comments were obviously based on a
complete … of the situation.
8. Teachers can't give pupils any … in exams.
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Exercise 7. Read the text «Myths and facts about people
with disabilities» and answer the following questions.
1. What are people's attitudes to the disabled people?
2. How many myths about people with disabilities do you know?
3. Are all people who use wheelchairs chronically ill or sickly?
4. A wheelchair is a personal assistive device, isn't it?
5. What do most people who are blind acquire? Does each
of them have a «sixth sense»?
6. Do many people with disabilities take advantage of new
opportunities at present time?
7. Who is obligated to take care of people with disabilities?
8. Should curious children ask people about their disabilities?
Why not?
9. Are the lives of people with disabilities totally different from
the lives of people without disabilities?
10. What can you say about the parking spaces for people
with disabilities?
Exercise 8. Make an information map to collect information
about people with disabilities.
People with disabilities
Exercise 9. Creative task.
Brainstorming. Brainstorm all your ideas and thoughts and
make computer presentations «Myths and Facts about People with
Disabilities». (Pay attention to the rules of brainstorming).
Rules of Brainstorming
1. Express no negative evaluation of any idea presented.
2. Work for quantity, not quality – the longer the list of ideas,
the better.
3. Expand on each other's ideas, piggyback – if someone's
idea prompts an idea in your head, then share it with your group.
4. Encourage zany, far-out ideas.
5. Record each idea, at least by a key word or phrase.
6. Set a time limit for the brainstorming session and hold strictly to it.
to be brave and courageous
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TEXT 1.
New methods and trainers
Unit 2
of adaptive physical culture f
or patients with cerebral failure
BEFOR E YOU READ :
You are a future specialist of adaptive physical culture. You
will work and treat patients with disabilities. What methods and trainers of adaptive physical culture for patients with disabilities, for example
cerebral failure, do you know? Read the following text and find out
whether you are right or not.
Nowadays 3-5% of children suffer from cerebral palsy. Additionally, many adults especially elderly ones develop cerebral paralyses as a result of strokes and traumas. Patients that unable to master basic moving skills and care for themselves become a heavy
burden for their families and the state. They loose the ability to socialize. Therefore before attending physicians and relatives of such
patients there is a challenge: in short terms to restore the vital impellent functions of the patient. For the decision of this problem we have
offered new effective methods of physical therapy: fixing massage
and ontogenetic gymnastics. At fixing massage a body of the patient
is in the fixed position, except for that part of a body which is exposed to massage or undergo after massage gymnastic. Such way
of massage prevents formation and development of pathological
movements, which considerably complicate or in general interfere
with development of vital impellent skills, to prevent or remove deformations of extremities and the body, to normalize a muscular
tone, to remove influence of pathological tonic reflexes. Usual natural
development of impellent activity occurs in strict sequence, from
more simple movements to more complex. If a person fails to product one basic movement he appears unable to carry out the whole
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series of more complex movements, which are formed on a basis
of this elementary movement. Therefore we have developed a
necessary sequence of exercises in moving therapy that resembles
the normal ontogenetic sequences of development of impellent
activity of in a child as it occurs ontogenetically. The ontogenetic
gymnastics enables achieving target results with much lesser
physical and mental pressure of the patient and therapist, and for
shorter (in 2-3 times) terms. In addition, we, together with professor
J.G Zhukovsky have developed new trainers for adaptive physical
culture. All proposed methods have patent protection: crawlers system
(RU 2277895. 2006.), fixing system (RU 2277888. 2006), ram-type
system (RU 2277407. 2006), kangaroo system (RU 2272609. 2006.),
marionette (puppet) system (RU 2272608. 2006.), pedal system
(RU 2268026. 2006), combined system (RU 2264202. 2005.), ways
of treatment (RU 2260417. 2005).
High efficiency of the developed physical therapy is recorded by
8 video films showing that the children who were labeled as untreatable, with the help of ontogenetic gymnastics and fixing massage have
mastered for short terms the complete set of the base movements
necessary for self-maintenance in the subsequent life. These abilities
are extremely important for the future of the children and render great
relief and satisfaction to their parents. The proposed methods of
physical therapy can be also applied successfully in healthy patients of
various ages.
From Programm Abstracts: [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа : http://
www.congress-euromedica.de/new. Дата обращения: 08.01.2011.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Put in the missing letters. Check yourself with
a dictionary: -e-ebr-l -al-y, sa-i-fa-ti-n, -h-ra-y, -y-na-ti-s, -a-ie-t,
-h-si-i-n, -ha-le-ge, a-a-ti-e, d-fo-ma-i-n, -a-ho-og-c-l.
Exercise 2. Find the right pronunciation of these words
in a dictionary, read them and explain their meaning: cerebral
palsy, a result of strokes and traumas, fixing massage and ontogenetic gymnastics, a necessary sequence of exercises.
17
Exercise 3. Match the words with their definitions.
1. cerebral palsy a. severe emotional shock and pain caused
by an extreme upsetting experience
2. to suffer b. a difficult duty or responsibility you have
to bare
3. stroke c. treatment which helps someone feel better,
grow stronger, etc., especially after an illness
4. trauma
5. muscle e. to experience something which is un-
6. sequence f. one of many tissues in the body that can
7. therapy g. a physical condition involving permanent
8. to massage h. a series of related things, events or the
9. burden i. to experience physical or mental pain
10. to undergo j. to rub, press or hit someone's body with
Put your answers in this table. Model:
d. a sudden change in the blood supply to a
part of the brain, which can cause a loss of the
ability to move particular parts of the body
pleasant or involves a change
tighten and relax to produce movement
tightening of the muscles which is caused by
damage to the brain around or before the
time of birth
order in which they follow each other
regular repeated movements, esp. in order
to relax them or to reduce stiffness or pain
in their joints or muscles
1. g 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Exercise 4. Learn new words and word combinations and
use them in your topics.
to become a heavy burden for smb vital impellent skills
to become a heavy burden for smb adaptive physical culture
a necessary sequence of exercises to have patent protection
a result of strokes and traumas to suffer from cerebral palsy
to normalize a muscular tone physical and mental pressure
to loose the ability to socialize the developed physical therapy
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Exercise 5. Read and translate the text with a dictionary.
Choose sentences which help you to tell about new methods
and trainers of adaptive physical culture for patients with cerebral failure.
Exercise 6. Choose the best word to complete the sentences. Check yourself with a dictionary.
a. traumas b. sequence c. burden d. stroke
e. muscles f. to underwent g. suffers h. massaging
1. She … terribly in the winter when it's cold and her joints get
stiff.
2. She suffered a … which left her unable to speak.
3. I've got a dreadful ache in my neck. Would you mind …
it for me?
4. «I don't want to be a ... to you» her elderly father said.
5. She … an operation on a tumour in her left lung last year.
6. He flexed his … so that everyone could admire them.
7. A good aerobics instructor will teach you the basic …
of moves which you then simply repeat.
8. Five years of psychotherapy helped him to deal with his
childhood … .
Exercise 7. Read the text «New methods and trainers
of adaptive physical culture for patients with cerebral failure»
and answer the following questions.
1. How many children do suffer from cerebral palsy
nowadays?
2. What new effective methods of physical therapy do physician
and trainers offer for patients with cerebral palsy?
3. What kind of massage do you know? Can you describe it?
Have you ever heard about fixing massage?
4. Can you describe ontogenetic gymnastics? Have you ever
heard about it?
5. Why do physicians offer physical therapy which consists
of fixing massage and ontogenetic gymnastics?
6. What new trainers have been developed by professor
J.G. Zhukovsky?
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7. Can we also apply the proposed methods of physical ther-
New methods
apy in healthy patients?
8. What other methods of adaptive physical culture for patients
with cerebral failure can you propose?
Exercise 8. Make an information map to collect information
about new methods and trainers of adaptive physical culture for
patients with cerebral failure.
and trainers
Exercise 9. Creative task.
Project work. You have read some information about new
methods and trainers of adaptive physical culture for patients with
cerebral failure. Imagine that in three years you’ll finish our university
and begin to work in the health centre in our town. Now try to make
up your own methods of physical therapy for people with disabilities.
Try to show your own project with diagrams, pictures, tables and
schemes. Show it to other students and prove that your new methods will be the most effective for patients with cerebral palsy.
to normalize a muscular tone
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