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Файл:Химические добавки в растворы и бетоны. Монография
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Ʉ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦ
ɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (NaAlO
ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɨɥɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɫ-
, Na2SiO3, K2SiO3). ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ-
2
ɫɬɶɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɚɥɸɦɢɧɚɬɨɜ ɥɢɛɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɨɜ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ, ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɤ ɬɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɪɬɥɚɧɞɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɚɥɢɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɦɚɥɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬ ɯɢɦɢɤɨɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ.
Ʉ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦ
ɧɨɣ, ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ (Na
ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɨɥɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɢɥɶ-
, Ʉ2ɋO3, Na2SO4, K2SO4). ɉɪɢ
2CO3
ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɜ ɛɟɬɨɧ ɢɯ ɚɧɢɨɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ
ɬɪɭɞɧɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɢ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ – ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɨɤɢɫɶɸ ɤɚɥɶ-
ɰɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɟɣ – ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɨɤɢɫɶɸ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ.
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɢ
ɩɹɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ – ɫɨɥɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
(ɚɡɨɬɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ, ɫɟɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɢ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ, ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ,
ɰɢɧɤɚ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.). ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɥɢ Ⱦɜɭɯ- ɢ ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ. Ɉɛɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɦ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɨɤɢɫɟɣ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ
ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɚɹ ɨɤɢɫɶ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɟɪɧɚɦɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ,
ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ʉ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦ
ɲɟɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɫ ɢɨɧɚɦɢ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ
(ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɚɹ ɫɨɥɶ ɷɬɢɥɟɧɞɢɚɦɢɧɬɟɬɪɚɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɬɪɢɥɨɧ Ȼ)), ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɹɠɭɳɢɯ.
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɢ
ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ – ɝɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɸɬ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɝɢɩɫɚ). ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ
ɨɬ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɪɬɥɚɧɞɰɟɦɟɧɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɚɥɸɦɢɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ, ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɚɥɸɦɢɧɚɬ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ
ɱɟɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ –
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ:
1) ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ;
2) ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ.
41
ɉɨɬɚɲ ɉ (ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ ɤɚɥɢɹ Ʉ
) – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨ-
2ɋO3
ɪɨɲɤɚ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ – ɫɨɥɶ ɫ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɣ ɤɪɟɦɧɟɡɟɦ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ, ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ – ɞɨ 5,0 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɏɥɨɪɢɞ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɏɄ – ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɋɚɋl
ɢɥɢ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ ɋɚɋl
O, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
2 ɇ2
2
ɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɥɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɇɢɬɪɚɬ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɇɄ – ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ Ca(NO
ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ Ca(NO
4ɇ2O. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɛɟɫɰɜɟɬɧɵɣ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ.
3)2
ɢɥɢ ɝɟɬɪɚ-
3)2
ɇɢɬɪɢɬ-ɧɢɬɪɚɬ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɇɇɄ – ɫɦɟɫɶ ɧɢɬɪɢɬɚ ɢ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬ-
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ 1:1 ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɫɬɵ. ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɅɋɌ.
ɇɢɬɪɢɬ-ɧɢɬɪɚɬ-ɯɥɨɪɢɞ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɇɇɏɄ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɦɟɲɟ-
ɧɢɟɦ ɧɢɬɪɢɬɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɫ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɦ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1:1. ȼɨɞɧɵɣ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɠɟɥɬɨɜɚɬɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1100–1300 ɤɝ/ɦ
3
.
ɋɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɋɇ – ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫ ɠɟɥɬɵɦ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɞɟɤɚɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ Na
10ɇ2Ɉ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ. Ɍɪɭɞɧɨ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨ-
2SO4
ɪɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ.
ɇɢɬɪɚɬ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɇɇ – ɛɟɫɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ NaNO
. ɇɟ ɝɢɝɪɨɫɤɨ-
3
ɩɢɱɟɧ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ.
ɏɥɨɪɢɞ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɏɇ – ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢ-
ɦɵɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɟ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – ɞɨ 4,0 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ɍɪɢɧɚɬɪɢɣɮɨɫɮɚɬ ɌɇɎ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
Na
. ɇɟ ɝɢɝɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɧ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɬɨɣ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭ-
3P04
ɪɵ 30–40 ɋ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ – 1,0–3,5 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ⱥɥɸɦɢɧɚɬ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ Ⱥɇ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɝɨɬɨɜɹɬ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ Ⱥl(Ɉɇ)
ɧɚɬɪɢɹ), ɟɞɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɪɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɸ Ⱥl(Ɉɇ)
ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 105 °ɋ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɟɞɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1400 ɤɝ/ɦ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1:2,8 ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ (ɢɡ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ 1 ɤɝ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ Ⱥl(Ɉɇ)
ɦɚɪɨɤ ȽȾɈ ɢ ȽȾȿ (ɢɥɢ ɫɩɟɤɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɚɬɚ
3
ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦ-
3
3
ɩɪɢ ɢɯ
ɧɚ 2 ɥ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫ-
3
ɬɜɨɪɚ ɟɞɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɪɚ). Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – ɞɨ 3,0 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ (ɧɚɬɪɢɣ ɫɟɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɣ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ)
– ɨɬɯɨɞ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɰɟɬɨɢɫɨɪɛɨɡɵ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ.
ȼ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ ɫ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɦɢ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ, ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ
ɰɢɧɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹɦɢ, ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 1,0 % ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ.
42
Ɍɢɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ Ɍɇ – ɨɬɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɯɪɨɦɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ɇɟ-
ɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɛɟɫɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ Na
, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ.
2S2O3
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 1,0–3,0 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ɂɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɳɟɥɨɤ Ɂɓ – ɨɬɯɨɞ ɫɟɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɪɟ-
ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɳɟɥɨɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɚɪɤɢ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ. ɀɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ
(ɅCT) ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɢɦɢ (ɋɇȼ, ȽɄɀ-10 ɢ ɞɪ.). Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ –
0,02–0,11 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ʌɢɝɧɨɩɚɧ Ȼ-2 – ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ 30-ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ, ɥɟɝɤɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ. ɇɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ, ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ. Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 0,6–1,5 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ʌɢɝɧɨɩɚɧ Ȼ-2Ɍ – ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɟɨɪ-
ɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɥɭɛɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ 30-ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɇɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ, ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ. Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 0,6–
1,5 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ʌɢɝɧɨɩɚɧ Ȼ-2ɍ – ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ. ɉɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ 30-ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɇɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ, ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ. Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 0,8–1,5 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ – ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨ-
ɜɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ.
ɉɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ-ɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦ
ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 24211, EN 934-2.
ɍɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɀȻɂ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨ-
ɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɹɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ: ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɚɥɭɛɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ;
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ; ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ; ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ; ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ
ɛɟɫɩɪɨɩɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ; ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦ.
ɍɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1 %
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,6–
1,5 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ
ɫɭɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ. ȼ ɠɢɞɤɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɫɤɨ-
43
ɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ – ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ
ɈɈɈ «ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ».
Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ-Ɇ – ɧɚɮɬɚɥɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɣ ɫɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢ-
ɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ.
ɉɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ – Ɇ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ-ɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 24211, EN 934-2. Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ-Ɇ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ, ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ
ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ,
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɦ ɢ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ-
ɫɬɜɟ.
ɋɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ-Ɇ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ: ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɛɟɡ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ; ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ; ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ
ɫɪɨɤɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ; ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɬɟɩɥɨ-ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ; ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɨɣ; ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ, ɬɪɟɳɢɧɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ, ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ-Ɇ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ-Ɇ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
0,4–1,5 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ. ȼ ɠɢɞɤɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ
ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ-Ɇ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ,
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ – ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ. ɋɪɨɤ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ Ɇ – 12 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ «ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ».
Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɇ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɉɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɇ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ-ɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦ
ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 24211, ȿN 934-2.
Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɇ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɀȻɂ, ɥɟɝɤɢɯ
ɢ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ
Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɇ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ: ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɚɥɭɛɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ; ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ;
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ; ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦ.
ɍɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɇ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɇ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ:
– ɞɥɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ 0,6–0,8 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ;
44
– ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ 0,4–0,6 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ.
ȼ ɠɢɞɤɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɇ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ,
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ. ɋɪɨɤ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɇ – 12 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ «ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ».
Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɋ – ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɮɮɟɤ-
ɬɨɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɜɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ.
ɉɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɋ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ-ɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦ
ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 24211.
ɍɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɋ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɢɡ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ,
ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɢ ɹɱɟ-
ɢɫɬɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɋɢɥɶɧɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɜɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɋ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ: ɯɨɪɨɲɭɸ ɭɞɨɛɨɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ; ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ; ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɚɥɭɛɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ; ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɌȼɈ; ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ
ɫɜɹɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ; ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɟɫɢ;
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɡɪɟɥɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɪɢ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɌȼɈ.
ɍɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɋ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɣ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɋ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
0,2–0,5 %. ɍɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɋ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɪɨɤ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɋ – 12 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ «ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ».
Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ Ɍɨɪɤɪɟɬ – ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɳɟɥɨɱɟɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɪɤɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ.
ɉɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ Ɍɨɪɤɪɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɱɚ-
ɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 24211.
Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ Ɍɨɪɤɪɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ
ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ, ɧɚɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɬɨɪɤɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɧɚɛɪɵɡɝɚ): ɜ ɬɭɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ
ɲɚɯɬɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ; ɩɪɢ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ
ɢ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ; ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ; ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɨ-ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɤɪɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɬɨɪɤɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ Ɍɨɪɤɪɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,0–5,0 % ɨɬ
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ. Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ. ɋɪɨɤ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ
Ɍɨɪɤɪɟɬ – 6 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ «ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ
».
Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɉɄ – ɫɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɨɤɫɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɬɚɤɪɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.
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ɉɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɫɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɉɄ
ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ-ɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦ ɢ
ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 24211.
ɋɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɉɄ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ: ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢɡ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ; ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɵɯ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ;
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɉɄ ɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ
ɫɦɟɫɹɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ: ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɛɟɡ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ; ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɚɥɭɛɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ; ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ; ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ; ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ, ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ; ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ; ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɛɟɫɩɪɨɩɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
ɋɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɉɄ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɉɄ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
0,25–0,45 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ.
ɍɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɉɄ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɪɨɤ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ Ɋɟɥɚɦɢɤɫ ɉɄ – 12 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ «ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ».
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɫ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ «ɏɢɞɟɬɚɥ»: (ɅɆȽ ɉ-1; ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥ ɉ-2; ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥ ɉ-4; ɏɢɞɟɬɚɥ ɉ-5; ɏɢɞɟɬɚɥ ɋ-3).
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ: ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ, ɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ.
Ʉɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ – ɨɬ ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ 0,2–1 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɈɈɈ Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ «ɋɄȽ-ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ» (Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ, ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ).
Ɏɨɪɦɢɚɬ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ – ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɛɟɬɨ-
ɧɨɜ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɨɪɨɡɧɚɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ. Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ. Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ 1–2 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɢɦɧɟɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɛɟɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Addiment BE 2 – ɫɜɟɪɯɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ-
ɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɪɤɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 2,0–4,5 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: Addiment Sika (Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ).
Addiment BE 5 – ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɢɦɧɟɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 1,0–2,1 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: Addiment Sika (Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ).
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Addiment BE 6 – ɠɢɞɤɢɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. Ɋɟ-
ɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ 1:1 ɞɨ 1:6. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: Addiment Sika (Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ).
Peramin Ⱥ – ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɬɢɨɰɢɨɧɚɬɚ; ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɯɥɨɪɚ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 0,3–0,7 %
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: ɈɈɈ «ɍɪɚɥɩɥɚɫɬ».
Cementol Omega Ɋ – ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɦɟ-
ɫɟɣ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 1,0–2,5 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ:
ɌɄɄ (ɋɥɨɜɟɧɢɹ).
Tiksokret Ɋ – ɫɜɟɪɯɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɪɤɪɟɬɛɟɬɨɧɚ.
ɉɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ; ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɢɨɧɨɜ
ɯɥɨɪɚ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɭ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɫɭɯɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɟɫɤɚ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 2,0–4,0 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: ɌɄɄ (ɋɥɨɜɟɧɢɹ).
Ʉɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ ɥɢɬɢɹ – ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ ɥɢɬɢɹ. Ȼɟɥɵɣ
ɬɨɧɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɩɚɯɚ; ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ
ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɥɸɦɢɧɚɬɧɨɦ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɟ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: ɮɢɪɦɚ Bang&Bonsomer
ɤɨɧɰɟɪɧɚ ɆȺɉȿɂ (ɂɬɚɥɢɹ).
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɥɢɧɨɡɟɦ Alimuna ɋɌɋ – ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɨɧɨɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ⱥ1
ɫɨɤɨɣ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 2 ɦ
Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 1–4 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
2
/ɝ). Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 1,9 ɦɤɦ.
2Ɉ3
ɫ ɜɵ-
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɢ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɯ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɨɪɨɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ. ɍɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ-
ɬɪɚɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ, ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ [2].
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɜɢɞɚ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ, ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 1–3 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬ-
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ [1] ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 1 ɫɭɬɨɤ:
ɚ
) ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ – ɧɚ 30 % ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ;
ɛ) ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ – ɧɚ 20 % ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ.
47
Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɢɡ ɫɪɚɜ-
R
ɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 24211-2008 ɫ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ) ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ǻR
ɝɞɟ
'
ɨɫɧ
– ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ) ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɪɢ
28
R
28
ɨɫɧ ɤɨɧɬɪ
RR
28 28
ɤɨɧɬɪ
R
28
, (3.3)
100 %
28
%:
28-ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ;
ɤɨɧɬɪ
– ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ) ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɪɢ
R
28
28-ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ [ɬɪɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɟɫɢ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɳɟ
ɝɨɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 3.1
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.1
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ
ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ,
ȼɢɞ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ȼ/ɐ
ɉɨɪɬɥɚɧɞɰɟɦɟɧɬ,
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɜɟɪɞɟɸɳɢɣ
ɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɣ ɉɐ
0,35–0,55
0,55–0,75
% ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ
ɏɄ, ɋɇ,
ɇɄ, ɇɇɏɄ,
HH1
1,0–1,5
0,5–1,0
ɌɇɎ
1,5–2,5
1,0–2,0
ɇɇɄ
2,0
2,5
ɒɥɚɤɨɩɨɪɬɥɚɧɞɰɟɦɟɧɬ,
ɩɭɰɰɨɥɚɧɨɜɵɣ,
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɣ ɉɐ
0,35–0,55
0,55–0,75
1,5–2,0
1,0–1,5
2,0–3,0
1,5–2,5
2,5
3,0
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɱɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ:
ȼ
, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨ-
ɞ
Bɞ = B – aB(R
– R), (3.4)
ɞ
ɝɞɟ ȼ – ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ, ɱ;
– ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ ɜ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚ-
R
ɞ
ɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɪɨɤ, % ɨɬ R28 (ɡɞɟɫɶ R28 – ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɦ 28-ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɦ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ);
R – ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ;
48
-
ɚ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 0,02, 0,03 ɢɥɢ 0,04 ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 50, 70 ɢ 85 % ɨɬ R
.
28
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ.
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɢ-ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ:
1) ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɧɚ 2–4 ɫɦ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ 2–3 % ɞɥɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ
ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɢ ɫɭɩɟɪɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ;
2) ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɌȼɈ ɧɚ 5–10 % ɞɥɹ ɛɨ-
ɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ (ɛɟɡ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ) ɢ ɧɚ 15–20 %
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ (ɫɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ);
3) ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɞɨ 60–70 °ɋ;
4) ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦ;
5) ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ
ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ 5–10 % ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨ-
ɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ (ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ);
6) ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ;
7) ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ.
Ɂɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ-ɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɜ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɲɬɭɤɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɨɜ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ
ɞɥɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. ɉɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɤ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ,
ɱɬɨ ɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ, ɫɧɢɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ȼ/ɐ, ɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɧɢɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɭɞɥɢɧɹɸɬ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɬ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɭ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɧɢɠɚɸɳɢɯ
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. Ʉ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɟɜɵɟ, ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɟɜɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɤɨ
ɜɬɨɪɨɣ –
ɫɨɥɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ – ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫ ɬɟɦɢ ɠɟ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ
ɬɪɢɷɬɚɧɨɥɚɦɢɧɨɦ.
ɧɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɜɟɪɬɭɸ
ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ
ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɟ [8]. ɗɬɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1100–1300 ɤɝ/ɦ
Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ-
ɑɟɬ-
3
ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ 0,3–1,5 % ɨɬ
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɟɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɯ
ɧɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɟɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ
49
ɢɥɢ ɞɢɩɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ.
ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɹɠɭɳɢɯ,
ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ
ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɯ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ). Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ
[29], ɱɬɨ
ɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢ-
ɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɮɚɡɵ.
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ B. C. Ɋɚɦɚɱɚɧɞɪɚɧɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɟɝɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɢ-ɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɬɚ-
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ.
ɤɢɦ
Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɜɨɞɵ
ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɨɛɨɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ: ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 15–20 ɫ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɫ 50 % ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜɜɨɞɹɬ ɜɫɸ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɭ, ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɭɸ
ɜ 25 % ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ [8].
Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 200–400 ɦɝ ɩɚ
100 ɤɝ – ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɹɠɭɳɢɯ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɥ-
ɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ) ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 1–2 ɢɥɢ 3 ɫɭɬ. ɧɚ 30 % ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɩɪɢ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ) ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 28 ɫɭɬ. ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 5 %.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ – ɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ.
Ʌɢɧɚɦɢɤɫ Ɋɋ – ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ
(ɬɢɩ 1, ɬɢɩ 2, ɬɢɩ 3) ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ ɢ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ.
Ɂɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶ Ʌɢɧɚɦɢɤɫ Ɋɋ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦ,
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 24211.
Ɋɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ Ʌɢɧɚɦɢɤɫ Ɋɋ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ
ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ
ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɹ Ʌɢɧɚɦɢɤɫ Ɋɋ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ Ʌɢɧɚɦɢɤ Ɋɋ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜ 1,5 ɪɚɡɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɦɭ ɛɟɡɞɨɛɚɜɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ.
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