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Файл:Химические добавки в растворы и бетоны. Монография
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ɉɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɚɞɢɩɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ Ƚ1Ⱥ1ɐ – ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɦɨɧɨ- ɢ ɞɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɤɫɚɧɨɥɚ ɢ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɤɫɚɧɨɧɚ. ɀɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ.
ɉɨɞɦɵɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɳɟɥɨɤ ɉɆɓ – ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɦ ɦɵɥɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɟɞɤɢɣ ɧɚɬɪ
ɢ ɫɨɞɭ.
ɋɦɨɥɚ ɨɦɵɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɚɹ ȼɅɏɄ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɨɦɵɥɟɧɢɹ ɳɟɥɨɱɶɸ
ɨɛɟɫɮɟɧɨɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɣ ɫɦɨɥɵ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. ɋɦɟɫɶ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ɋɦɟɬɚɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɜɢɲɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ.
ɉɨɧɢɡɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɮɟɧɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɉɎɅɏ – ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ.
Ʌɟɫɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɅɏȾ – ɜɹɡɤɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɦɨɥɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦɢ NaOH
ɢ ɋɚ(Ɉɇ)
.
2
ɓɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɩɪɨɥɚɤɬɚɦɚ ɓɋɉɄ – ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɩɪɨɥɚɤɬɚɦɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ
ɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɤɫɚɧɚ. ɀɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ
ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ.
Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɩɪɨɥɚɤɬɚɦɚ ɓɋɉɄɆ2 – ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-
ɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɤɫɚɧɚ, ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɞɨɣ. ɀɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɧɨ
-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɧɟɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɚɹ.
ɉɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ
Betokem LP – ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɚ-
ɯɚɪɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: Betongkjemisk (ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɹ).
WRDA – ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ
ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: Grace (ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ).
Plastiment BV40 – ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: Sika (Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ).
VN Liquidaat WS – ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ-
ɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ ɥɢɝɧɨɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: Woermaan (Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ).
ɳɢɯ
Addiment BV 3 – ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. ɉɪɢɞɚɟɬ
ɛɟɬɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɇɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɸ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ. Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 0,2–0,55 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: Addiment Sika (Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ).
2.3. ȼɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ
ȼɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ – ɷɬɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ (ɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬ).
21
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȽɈɋɌ 24211-2008, ɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɭɩɟɪɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ.
ɋɭɩɟɪɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ
ɋɭɩɟɪɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ – ɷɬɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ 20 % ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ. Ʉ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɭɩɟɪ- ɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ («ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ», «ɋɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬ» ɢ ɞɪ.)
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ
ɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɞɨɛɨɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɨɥɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ, ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ.
ȼɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ
ȼɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ – ɷɬɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɧɢɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɨɬ 7 ɞɨ 20 %.
Ʉ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɦɨ-
ɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɢɯ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ. ȼ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ, ɬ. ɟ. ɜɡɚɦɨɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ,
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ
ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɜ.
ȼɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɥɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɧɨ ɜ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɱɟɦ ɫɭɩɟɪɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ.
2.4. Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ
ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ) ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȽɈɋɌ 24211-2008. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ) ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ) ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ
ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 5 %. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚ-
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ: – ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɨɬ ɉ1 (ɈɄ = 2–4 ɫɦ)
ɞɨ ɉ5; – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɨɬ ɉ
1 (ɉɤ = 2–4 ɫɦ) ɞɨ ɉɤ4.
ɤ
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɰɟɧɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ 5–15 % ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ).
ɋɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɹɞɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɚɪɨɱɧɵɯ
ɛɟɡ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧ-
22
ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ (ɞɨ 60 °ɋ) ɢɥɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ), ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɹ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ: – ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɦɟɫɢ ɨɬ ɉ1 (ɈɄ = 2–4 ɫɦ) ɞɨ ɉ2–ɉ4; – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɨɬ ɉ
2 – ɉɤ3.
ɞɨ ɉ
ɤ
1 (ɉɤ = 2–4 ɫɦ)
ɤ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ-ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɜɢɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 2.1 ɢ ɜ [26]. ȼ ɧɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ. Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ, ɧɟ ɨɯɜɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 2.1 ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ. ȼ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
ɜ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɯ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɧɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɩɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ (ɤɚɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɭɤɚ). Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡ
ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ (ɬɨɧɤɨɦɨɥɨɬɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɢ) ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɱɟɦ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɵ,
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɠɢɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɫɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɢɧɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɨɞɟ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɧɵɟ
ɮɚɡɵ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ (ɞɨ 30–40 %) ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɨ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞ
ɪɚɬɨɜ ɩɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
ɫ
-
23
ɭ
ȽɄɀ-11
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
, ɇɑɄ, ɄɑɇɊ, ȽɄɀ-10,
ɅɏȾ, Ɇ
ɋɉȾɎ, ɋɉȾ-ɦ, ɉɎɅɏ, ȼɅɏɄ,
0,2
ɓɋɉɄ-Ɇ2, ɉɆɓ, ɑɋɓ,
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.1
Ʌɢɝɧɨɩɚɧ Ȼ-3
ɓɋɉɄ, ɉȺɓ, Ʌɢɝɧɨɩɚɧ Ȼ-1,
0,3 0,1
ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɨɬɫɬɨɣ
ȺɉɅ, ɉȾɄ, ɉɎɋ,
0,8 0,2
ɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ, % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ
ȼɊɉ-1, ȼɊɉ-ɗ50, ɋ-1, 20-30
0,03 0,5
ɉɎɩ, ɅɆȽ, ɎɐɄ
ɅɋɌɆ-2, ɆɅɋ, ɅɋɌ, Ɇ-1, ɍɉȻ,
ȾɎ
0,25 0,01
1,0 0,15
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫ
ɋ-3, 10-03, 4-03, ɋɆɎ ɆɎ-ȺɊ
Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
0,3–1,0 0,7–1,5 0,15–0,25 0,005–0,02 0,6–0,9 0,25–0,35 0,1–0,2
– – – – – 0,1–0,15 0,05–0,15
0,5–0,7 0,5–1,2 0,1–0,2 0,01–0,02 0,4–0,7 0,2–0,3 0,05–0,15
0,7 0,6
- - 0,1–0,2 0,005–0,01 0,4–0,7 – –
0,6–1,0 1,5–2,0 0,2–0,3 0,02–0,03 0,7–1,0 0,3–0,5 0,1–0,2
ȼɢɞ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ
ɩɨɪɬɥɚɧɞɰɟɦɟɧɬ
ɉɨɪɬɥɚɧɞɰɟɦɟɧɬ,
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɜɟɪɞɟɸɳɢɣ
ɩɨɪɬɥɚɧɞɰɟɦɟɧɬ
ɋɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɣ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɣ
ɩɨɪɬɥɚɧɞɰɟɦɟɧɬ
ɉɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɩɨɪɬɥɚɧɞɰɟɦɟɧɬ
ɉɭɰɰɨɥɚɧɨɜɵɣ
ɒɥɚɤɨɩɨɪɬɥɚɧɞɰɟɦɟɧɬ 0,5
ɩɨɪɬɥɚɧɞɰɟɦɟɧɬ
2.5. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɢ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɚ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɟɪɚɫɫɥɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ.
ɉɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ (ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ(ɢɥɢ) ɜɨɞɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ) ɫɦɟɫɟɣ. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ.
ɗɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ
ɦɟɠɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨ-
ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɨ- ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɫ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ
ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ
ɟɟ ɜ ɦɟɠɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ [35].
ȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɫ-
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ.
1. ɉɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɚɧɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ
ɧɟɢɨɧɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ: ɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ,
ɷɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɦɟɬɢɥɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɷɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɚɰɟɬɢɥɮɬɚɥɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɨɤɫɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɨɤɫɢɛɭɬɢɥɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɷɬɢɥɨɤɫɢɷɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɧɚɬɪɢɣɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɭɛɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ, ɧɚɬɪɢɣɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɮɬɚɥɢɥɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɚ.
2. ɉɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ ɨɤɢɫɢ ɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ ɢ
ɢɯ ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ ɫ ɚɦɢɞɚɦɢ ɧɟɢɨɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ: ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɝɥɢɤɨɥɶ,
ɨɤɢɫɶ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ (ɩɨɥɢɨɤɫ), ɩɨɥɢɨɤɫɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧ, ɩɨɥɢɨɤɫɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚɥɤɢɥɚɦɢɞɵ,
ɩɨɥɢɨɤɫɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɫɬɟɚɪɚɬɨɦɢɞ.
3. ɉɨɥɢɦɟɪɵ ɚɤɪɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɚɤɪɢɥɚɦɢɞɚ ɢɨɢɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɦɮɨɥɢɬɧɨɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ: ɩɨɥɢɚɤɪɢɥɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɚɤɪɢɥɚɦɢɞ.
4. ɉɨɥɢɜɢɧɢɥɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɫ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɨɬ 15 ɞɨ 25 %.
25
5. ɉɨɥɢ-N-ɩɢɪɪɨɥɢɞɨɧ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɥɢɜɢɧɢɥɩɢɪɪɨɥɢɞɨɧɚ ɢ ɩɨ-
ɥɢɜɢɧɢɥɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ.
6. ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɧɟɫɚɯɚɪɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɧɟɢɨɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɦɮɨ-
ɥɢɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ: ɛɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɢɧɵ, ɷɮɢɪɵ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ, ɞɟɤɫɬɪɚɧ, ɤɚɡɟɢɧ, ɤɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɟɣ.
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ ɋɉ-1Ʌ – ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚɮɬɚɥɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɧɵɣ ɫɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɫ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ-ɜɟɫɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɥɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ. ɉɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ ɋɉ-1Ʌ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ȽɈɋɌ 24211 ɞɥɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ. ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ ɋɉ-1Ʌ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ, ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɢɡ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ, ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɢ
ɦɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɥɨɬɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ
(ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɧɚ-
ɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ).
Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ: ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ 0,3–0,8 % ɨɬ
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ; ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɥɨɬɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ 0,8–1,2 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ; ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ ɋɉ-1Ʌ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɜ
ɫɭɯɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ. ɋɪɨɤ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɉɨɥɢɩ-
ɥɚɫɬ ɋɉ-1Ʌ – 12 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ.
ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ ɋɉ-2ȼɍ – ɫɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɬɢɥɟɧɧɚɮɬɚɥɢɧɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ. ɉɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ ɋɉ-2ȼɍ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ȽɈɋɌ 24211 ɞɥɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ-ɜɨɞɨɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ. ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ ɋɉ-2ȼɍ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢ
ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ
ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɥɨɬɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ (ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ) ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ.
ɋɭɩɟɪɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ ɋɉ-2ȼɍ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ
ɫɦɟɫɟɣ
0,3–0,8 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ; ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɥɨɬɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ 0,8–1,2 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ.
ȼ ɠɢɞɤɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɉɨɥɢɩɥɚɫɬ ɋɉ-2ȼɍ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ.
Addiment ST 2 – ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɵɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɩɟɧɨɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ
ɥɟɝɤɢɯ
ɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɸ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 0,2
ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨ 1200 ɤɝ/ɦ3. ɇɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɜɵɡɵ-
–0,7 %. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨ-
ɞɢɬɟɥɶ: Addiment Sika (Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ).
26
Elastosil 34 – ɜɨɞɨɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ
ɫɦɟɫɟɣ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɭ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ 1:1
–1:3 ɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɤ ɫɭɯɢɦ
ɫɦɟɫɹɦ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: ɈɈɈ «Ɏɢɪɦɚ
ɏɢɦɫɬɪɨɣ-ɫɦɟɫɶ».
Sika Pump – ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɩɨ ɬɪɭɛɚɦ.
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ. ɀɢɞ-
3
ɤɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 990 ɤɝ/ɦ
–1,0 %. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: Sika (ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ).
0,5
. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ –
Starvis 3003 F – ɥɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɚɬɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ (ɫɚɦɨɭɩɥɨɬɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɜ). ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɜɟɫɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɪɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤ ɜɨɞɟ. əɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ (ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɨɞɟ) ɡɚɝɭɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɟɝɪɟɝɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ. Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɥɬɨɜɚɬɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ. ɇɚɫɵɩɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ 2500
–4000 ɝ/ɦ
3
. Ɋɟ-
ɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 0,05–0,2 % ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɦɟɫɢ.
Ⱦɨɥɝɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɚɫɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɭɡɤɢɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɜɨɞɨɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ (ȼ/Ɍ), ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɟ. ɗɬɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɢɤɫɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɫɚɦɨɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ, ɜ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ, ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɨɬ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ, ɨɬ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɭɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ Starvis
3003 F ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ.
2.6. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɢ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨ-(ɝɚɡɨ-) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ȼɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɥɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɢ
ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɣ
ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɭɡɵɪɶɤɚɦɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 0,015–0,003 ɦɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ. ȼɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɵɥ (ɥɢɛɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɦɵɥɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ
), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɟɧɨ-
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
27
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ.
Ʉ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɢɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ:
ɋɦɨɥɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɋɇȼ, ɋɇȼɄ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɦɨɥɵ. ɉɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ.
ɋɦɨɥɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɨɦɵɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɋȾɈ – ɩɚɫɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɚɛɢɟɬɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɦɨɥɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɨɦɵɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɫɦɨɥɵ
ɳɟɥɨɱɶɸ.
Ʉɥɟɣ ɬɚɥɥɨɜɵɣ ɱɟɤɨɜɵɣ ɄɌɉ – ɫɦɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɢ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢɡ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɝɧɢɧɚ.
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ.
Ɉɦɵɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɚɥɨɜɵɣ ɩɟɤ ɈɌɉ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɢɡ
ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɢ
ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ 3–10 %. ɉɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɪɚɡɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 70 °ɋ.
Ɉɦɵɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɣ ɩɟɤ ɐɇɂɉɋ-1 – ɩɚɫɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɩɨ-
ɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɤɚ ɟɞɤɢɦ ɧɚɬɪɨɦ.
ȼɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ Ɉɉ – ɩɚɫɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɦɨɧɨ- ɢ ɞɢɚɥɤɢɥɮɟɧɨɥɨɜ ɨɤɢɫɶɸ ɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ, ɥɢɛɨ ɦɚɫɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɠɟɥɬɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ.
ɋɭɥɶɮɨɧɨɥ ɋ – ɫɦɟɫɶ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɚɥɤɢɥɛɟɧɡɨɥɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɨɜ. Ȼɟɥɵɣ
ɢɥɢ ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɠɟɥɬɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ.
Ɇɢɤɪɨɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ȿɋ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɟɞɤɢɦ ɧɚɬɪɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɟɞɤɢɦ ɤɚɥɢɟɦ ɠɢɪɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ; ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɦɹɫɨɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɨɜ.
Ɉɬɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɠɟɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɥɟɟɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ.
Ɇɢɤɪɨɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ Ɉɋ – ɩɚɫɬɚ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɫɨɚɩɫɬɨɤɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɵɥɨɜɚɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɨɞɚɯ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ
10–15 % ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɨɦɵɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɪɨɜ.
Ʉɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɵɥɨ ɄɆ – ɦɚɡɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɩɚɫɬɚ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɠɟɥɬɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɟɞɤɨɝɨ
ɧɚɬɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ.
Addiment LPS – ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ
ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ. ɇɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɸ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 0,03–0,2 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: Addiment
Sika (Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ).
Peramin ɂɊȺ – ɜɵɫɨɤɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɬɨɜɚɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɉȺȼ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ –
0,03–0,15 %
ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: ɈɈɈ «ɍɪɚɥɩɥɚɫɬ».
Peramin L – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɜɢɧɫɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɦɨɥɵ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 0,03–0,15 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
28
Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 0,05–
0,3 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.
ɉɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɧɵ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɯ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ
ɤ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɧɨɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɈ-1 – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɫɭɥɶ-
ɮɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
ɉɈ-Ɂɇɉ – ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɥɤɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɜ
ɫɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ. ɀɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ
1020–1080 ɤɝ/ɦ3.
ɉɈ-6ɇɉ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɥɤɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɜ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1010–
1100 ɤɝ/ɦ
3
.
ɉɈ-6ɇɉ-Ɇ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɥɤɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɜ ɫɨ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ
1010–1020 ɤɝ/ɦ
3
.
ɉɈ-6Ʉ – ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɧɚɬɪɢɟɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ
ɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 28–34 %, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɭɞɪɨɧɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɞɨɣ.
Ⱥɪɟɤɨɦ-4 – ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɧɨɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɩɟɧɨɝɟɧɟ-
ɪɚɬɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɤɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ (8 %), ɤɚɡɟɢɧɚ (6 %), ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ (6 %), ɦɵɥɚ (10 %) ɢ ɜɨɞɵ (70 %). ɋɜɟɬɥɨɫɟɪɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1000–1200 ɤɝ/ɦ3.
ɉɈ-ɉȻ-1 – ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɧɨɛɟɬɨɧɚ
ɢ ɩɟɧɨɛɟɬɨɧɢɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1010–1100 ɤɝ/ɦ
ɉȻ-2000 – ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ
1010–1070 ɤɝ/ɦ
3
.
Ɇɨɪɩɟɧ – ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɛɟɡ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1050–1200 ɤɝ/ɦ
3
.
3
. ɉɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜ ɤ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɦ
ɫɪɟɞɚɦ.
ɉɟɧɨɫɬɪɨɦ – ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɣ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1070 ɤɝ/ɦ
3
. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɥɤɢɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɜ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ.
ɌɗȺɋ – ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɬɪɢɷɬɚɧɨɥɚɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɥɤɢɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɋ
ɯɥɨɪɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɬɪɢ-
ɋ
11
ɷɬɚɥɨɧɚɦɢɧɨɦ. ɀɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɠɟɥɬɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɛɟɡ
ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1000–1200 ɤɝ/ɦ
3
.
9
–
29
ȺɈɋ (ɚɥɶɮɚɨɥɟɮɢɧɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ) – ɜɹɡɤɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɥɶɮɚɨɥɟɮɢɧɨɜ ɫɟɪɧɵɦ ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɞɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɚɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɞɨɣ.
ɉȻ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɐɇɂɉɋ-1, ɫɭɥɶɮɢɬɧɨ-ɞɪɨɠɠɟɜɨɣ ɛɪɚɠɤɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɉəȻ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɨɥɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚ-
ɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɟɹ
(0,6–1,0 % ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ), ɚɥɤɢɥɚɪɢɥɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɬɚ (0,6–1,0 %), ɯɥɨɪɧɨ-
ɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ (0,03–0,04 %) ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ – ɜɨɞɚ.
ɉɌȾ – ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɫɦɨɥɵ ɬɟɪɦɨɥɢɡɚ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɫ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɶɸ-ɩɭɲɨɧɤɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 70–90 °ɋ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ.
ɀɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɀɋɉ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ
ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ, ɟɞɤɢɯ ɳɟɥɨɱɟɣ, ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ʉɥɟɟɧɟɤɚɥɟɜɵɣ ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ Ʉɇɉ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɟɤɚɥɹ
(7–10 % ɫɟɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ,
ɞɨ 1,0 % ɯɥɨɪɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɤɥɟɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ).
Ʉɥɟɟɧɟɤɚɥɟɜɵɣ ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɄɄɉ – ɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ (ɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɡɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ) ɤɥɟɹ, ɤɚɧɢɮɨɥɢ, ɟɞɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɪɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɡɛɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɧɵ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 8–12 % ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɢɞɭɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ.
UFAPORE ɋɋ – ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɧɨ- ɢ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ
ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫ ɚɧɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɪɹɞɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɚɹ
ɬɟɤɭɱɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɠɟɥɬɨɜɚɬɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1050 ɤɝ/ɦ
ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ. ɋɦɟɫɶ ɩɨ-
3
. Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶ-
ɧɭɸ ɩɟɧɭ ɫ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɨɪ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: ɮɢɪɦɚ Bang&Bonsomer ɤɨɧɰɟɪɧɚ ɆȺɉȿɂ (ɂɬɚɥɢɹ).
Neopore – ɩɟɧɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ. ɀɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɧɨɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1128 ɤɝ/ɦ
3
. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: ɮɢɪɦɚ ɇɟɨɩɨɪ (Ƚɟɪ-
ɦɚɧɢɹ).
Hosiapur OSB – ɩɨɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɧɨɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ;
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɚɧɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɠɟɥɬɨɜɚɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ, ɉȺȼ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɚɝɚ ɨɥɟɮɢɧɚ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 0,005–0,05 % ɦɚɫɫɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: ȺɈɈɌ «Ɉɩɵɬɧɵɣ ɡɚɜɨɞ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ».
Zeliquid LP2 – ɠɢɞɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɚɧɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɧɨɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ
ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɚ – 0,01–0,06 % ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɭ-
ɯɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: ȺɈɈɌ «Ɉɩɵɬɧɵɣ ɡɚɜɨɞ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ».
Addiment SB 31L – ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ. Ɍɟɦɧɨɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1130 ɤɝ/ɦ
3
. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ: Addiment Sika
(Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ).
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ: ɫɭɥɶɮɨɧɨɥɚ ɋ ɢ ɫɦɨɥɵ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɨɦɵɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɋȾɈ.
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.
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