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Расчеты материальных и энергетических балансов в сталеплавильных и внепечных агрегатах. Учебное пособие

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ȺȼɊɹɛɨɜɂȼɑɭɦɚɧɨɜ
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ɊȺɋɑȿɌɕɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɖɇɕɏɂɗɇȿɊȽȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ
ȻȺɅȺɇɋɈȼȼɋɌȺɅȿɉɅȺȼɂɅɖɇɕɏ
ɂȼɇȿɉȿɑɇɕɏȺȽɊȿȽȺɌȺɏ
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Ⱦɨɩɭɳɟɧɨ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ 22.03.02 «Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɹ»
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚȼɨɥɨɝɞɚ
©ɂɧɮɪɚɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª
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
ɍȾɄ ȻȻɄ
Ɋ    
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ
ɞɬɧɩɪɨɮɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɢɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɢɦɋɉɍɝɚɪɨɜɨɣ
ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɧɚɭɤɢɢɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣɆɂɋɂɋȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ ȿɜɝɟɧɶɟɜɢɱ ɋɟɦɢɧ
ɞɬɧɩɪɨɮɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɢɢɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɎȽȻɈɍȼɈ©ɆȽɌɍɢɦȽɂɇɨɫɨɜɚªȼɚɯɢɬ Ⱥɛɞɪɚɲɢɬɨɜɢɱ Ȼɢɝɟɟɜ
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   ɊɹɛɨɜȺȼ
Ɋ  Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɜɫɬɚɥɟɩɥɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɜɧɟɩɟɱɧɵɯɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚɯɭɱɟɛɧɨɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟȺȼɊɹɛɨɜɂȼɑɭɦɚɧɨɜ± Ɇɨɫɤɜɚȼɨɥɨɝɞɚɂɧɮɪɚɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ±ɫɢɥɬɚɛɥ
,6%1
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  ,6%1 ©ɊɹɛɨɜȺȼɑɭɦɚɧɨɜɂȼ  ©ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ©ɂɧɮɪɚɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª  ©Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ©ɂɧɮɪɚɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɪɚɫɱɟɬɵɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɜɵɩɥɚɜɤɢɫɬɚɥɢɜɞɭ ɝɨɜɨɣɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɥɟɩɥɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɱɢɲɚɯɬɧɨɣɞɭɝɨɜɨɣɩɟɱɢɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɩɟɱɢɚɝɪɟ ɝɚɬɟ$2'/)ɢ9'ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɞɥɹɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɩɪɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɭɪɫɨɜɵɯɢɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬ
Ⱦɥɹɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɨɜɢɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ©Ɇɚ ɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɢɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜª©Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɹªɨɱɧɨɣɢ ɡɚɨɱɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɭɪɫɚɯ ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɢª ©ȼɧɟɩɟɱɧɚɹɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜª©ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɫɬɚɥɢɢɫɩɥɚɜɨɜª
ɍȾɄ ȻȻɄ
ɈȽɅȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ
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
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 Ɉɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɒɥɚɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɝɚɡɨɜɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɵɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ

ɗɇȿɊȽȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɃȻȺɅȺɇɋȼɕɉɅȺȼɄɂɋɌȺɅɂɆȺɊɄɂ ȼɒȺɏɌɇɈɃȾɍȽɈȼɈɃɉȿɑɂ ɋɬɚɬɶɢɩɪɢɯɨɞɚɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɋɬɚɬɶɢɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɂɃɋɉɂɋɈɄ  

ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
ȼɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɫɚɦɨɨɤɭɩɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɫɬɚɥɢɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɟɱɚɯɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɡ ɪɚɫɬɚɟɬɪɨɥɶɭɱɟɬɚɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɬɨɩɥɢɜɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɨɜɧɚ ɬɝɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɚɥɢ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɲɢɯɬɵɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɚɥɚɧɫɚɩɥɚɜɤɢɫɬɚɥɢɜɞɭɝɨɜɨɣɩɟɱɢɩɨɡɜɨ ɥɹɟɬɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɯɫɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɥɚɜɤɢɜɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɩɨɫɧɢ ɠɟɧɢɸɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸɜɵɯɨɞɚɝɨɞɧɨɝɨɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɷɤɨɧɨ ɦɢɢ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɮɟɪɪɨɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɨɜ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɚɥɚɧɫɚɫɥɭɠɚɬɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɞɥɹɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɯɧɨɪ ɦɚɬɢɜɨɜɢɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɛɚɥɚɧɫɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɵ ɩɥɚɜɤɢɫɬɚɥɢɢɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɧɚɦɟɬɢɬɶɩɭɬɢɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣɜɵɩɥɚɜɤɢɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɦɚɪɨɤɫɬɚɥɟɣ
ɐɟɥɶɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɜɵ ɩɥɚɜɤɢɜɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣɞɭɝɨɜɨɣɩɟɱɢɢɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɷɬɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɮɢɡɢɤɨɯɢɦɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɣɪɚɫɱɟɬɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɛɚɥɚɧɫɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɥɚɜɤɢ
ɋɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɨɫɨɛɢɹɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵɢɡɭɱɚɬɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɵɛɨɪɚɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɵɯɨɬɯɨɞɨɜɩɨɫɥɟɷɬɨɝɨɫɦɨɝɭɬɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɲɢɯɬɨɜɤɭɞɥɹɜɵɩɥɚɜɤɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɧɨɣ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɫɬɚɥɢɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɜɤɭ ɜ ɞɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɟɩɥɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɱɢȾɋɉ
ɇɢɠɟɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɪɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɲɢɯɬɵɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɩɥɚɜɤɢɫɬɚɥɢ ɏɇ  ɏɇɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɏɇ ɜ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɱɢɲɚɯɬɧɨɣɞɭɝɨɜɨɣɩɟɱɢɞɭɩɥɟɤɫɦɟɬɨɞɨɦȾɋɉ©ɉɟɱɶɤɨɜɲªȺɄɊɈɫ ɧɨɜɧɵɟɷɬɚɩɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɡɚɜɚɥɤɢɞɥɹ ɞɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɟɱɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɢɲɥɚɤɚɤɤɨɧɰɭɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɜ ɞɭɝɨɜɨɣɩɟɱɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɢɲɥɚɤɚɩɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚ ɧɢɹɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɢɲɥɚɤɚ ɜɤɨɧɰɟɩɥɚɜɤɢɜɩɟɱɢɤɨɜɲɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɯɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɛɚɥɚɧɫɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɲɥɚɤɚɢɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɣɛɚɥɚɧɫ

ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂəȼɕɉɅȺȼɄɂɋɌȺɅɂɆȺɊɄɂɏɇ
ɬ
ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɢɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɫɬɚɥɢ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɫɬɚɥɶɦɚɪɤɢɏɇɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜɬɚɛɥɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɞɥɹɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɫɟɣɜɚɥɨɜɲɚɬɭɧɨɜɡɭɛɱɚɬɵɯɜɟɧɰɨɜ ɜɚɥɨɜɷɤɫɤɚɜɚɬɨɪɨɜɦɭɮɬɜɚɥɲɟɫɬɟɪɟɧɲɩɢɧɞɟɥɟɣɛɨɥɬɨɜɪɵɱɚɝɨɜɲɬɨɤɨɜ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɜɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɜɢɛ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦ ɤɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɢ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢɚɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɚɥɤɨɜɪɟɥɶɫɨɛɚɥɨɱɧɵɯɢɤɪɭɩɧɨ ɫɨɪɬɨɜɵɯɫɬɚɧɨɜɞɥɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɩɪɨɤɚɬɤɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɫɬɚɥɢɏɇȽɈɋɌ
ɉɪɟɞɟɥ
ɇɢɠɧɢɣ    ɧɛ ɧɛ   ɧɛ ɧɛ ɧɛ ɧɛ ɧɛ
ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ            
ɋ 6L 0Q 3 6 &U1L 7L : 0R 9 &X )H
ɗɥɟɦɟɧ
ɨɫɧ
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɜɵɩɥɚɜɤɢɫɬɚɥɢɏɇ
ȼɵɩɥɚɜɤɚɫɬɚɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɚɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɵɯɨɬɯɨɞɚɯɫɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɦɨɤɢɫ ɥɟɧɢɟɦɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɣɪɭɞɨɣɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɦɢɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɠɢɞɤɨɝɨɱɭɝɭɧɚɜɫɨɜɪɟ ɦɟɧɧɨɣɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɨɣɞɭɝɨɜɨɣɫɬɚɥɟɩɥɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɬɨɧɧɨɣɩɟɱɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɨɤɚ ɫɜɨɞɨɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɦɵɦɢɩɚɧɟɥɹɦɢɫɷɪɤɟɪɨɦɉɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢ ɨɞɚɨɬɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɛɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɧɚɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɣɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɬɚɥɟɪɚɡɥɢɜɨɱɧɵɣɤɨɜɲɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ©ɉɟɱɶɤɨɜɲªɝɞɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɫɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɨɤɨɧɱɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɜɨɞɤɚɫɬɚɥɢɞɨɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɞɟɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɚ ɰɢɹɢɬɞɉɨɫɥɟɫɬɚɥɟɪɚɡɥɢɜɨɱɧɵɣɤɨɜɲɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɦɚɲɢɧɟɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɬɶɹɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤɆɇɅɁ
 

ɊȺɋɑȿɌɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɖɇɈȽɈȻȺɅȺɇɋȺȼɕɉɅȺȼɄɂ
ɋɌȺɅɂɏɇȼȾɋɉ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɲɢɯɬɵ
ɉɟɪɟɞɡɚɜɚɥɤɨɣɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɨɥɧɵɣɪɚɫɱɟɬɲɢɯɬɵɊɚɫɱɟɬɜɟɞɟɦɩɨɪɟɚɥɶ ɧɨɣɦɚɫɫɟɡɚɜɚɥɤɢɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɧɚ«ɛɨɥɶɲɟɫɚɞɤɢɩɟɱɢ
Ɂɚɞɚɱɭɜɵɛɨɪɚɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɲɢɯɬɵɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɥɚɜɤɢɫɬɚɥɢɜ ©ɢɞɟ ɚɥɶɧɵɯªɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɤɨɝɞɚɟɫɬɶɜɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɜɫɟɝɪɭɩɩɵɨɬɯɨɞɨɜɢɜɫɟɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨɪɟɲɚɬɶɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɦɟɬɨɞɚɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ>@Ƚɪɭɩɩɵɨɬ ɯɨɞɨɜɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢȼɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɵɩɥɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɬɚɥɶɢɡɲɢɯɬɵɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɟɫɬɶɜɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɗɬɨɫɜɹ ɡɚɧɨɫɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɨɬɯɨɞɨɜɍɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɵɯɨɬɯɨɞɨɜɛɨɥɶɲɟɈɫɨ ɛɟɧɧɨɷɬɨɫɬɚɥɨɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɤɨɝɞɚɜȾɋɉɜɵɩɥɚɜɥɹɸɬɧɢɡɤɨ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɦɚɥɨɡɚɤɚɡɨɜɧɚɫɥɨɠɧɨɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɫɨɪɬɚɦɟɧɬȼɭɫɥɨ ɜɢɹɯɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟɜɵɩɥɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɜȾɋɉɭɝɥɟɪɨ ɞɢɫɬɵɣɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɫɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɮɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɜɧɟ ɩɟɱɧɵɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚɯɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶɲɢɯɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢ ɫɬɵɟɥɢɛɨɧɢɡɤɨɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɨɬɯɨɞɵɌɚɤɠɟɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɯɬɵɜɯɨɞɢɬɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɚɹɝɪɭɩɩɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɛɥɢɡɤɢɟɤɧɟɣɩɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɫɨɫɬɚɜɭɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɮɟɪɪɨɫɩɥɚɜɵɢɥɢɝɚɬɭɪɵȼɡɚɜɚɥɤɭɞɚɸɬɫɹɮɟɪɪɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɦɟɸɬɦɚɥɵɣɭɝɚɪɢɥɢɧɟɨɤɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹɧɚɧɢɠɧɢɣɩɪɟɞɟɥȼɤɚ ɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɚɭɝɥɟɪɨɠɢɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɜɡɚɜɚɥɤɭɦɨɠɧɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɱɭɝɭɧɤɨɤɫɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɧɵɣɛɨɣ ɢɥɢɜɵɫɨɤɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɵɟɮɟɪɪɨɫɩɥɚɜɵȿɫɥɢɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪ ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɰɢɤɥɨɦɬɨɦɨɠɧɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɜɡɚɜɚɥɤɭɠɢɞɤɢɣɱɭɝɭɧɞɨ
ɒɢɯɬɨɜɤɭɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɜɵɩɥɚɜɤɢɫɬɚɥɢ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɟɦ ɜ ɡɚɜɚɥɤɭ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɝɪɭɩɩ Ⱥ Ⱥ Ȼɠɢɞɤɢɣɱɭɝɭɧɧɢɤɟɥɶɇ
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɲɢɯɬɚɞɥɹɜɵɩɥɚɜɤɢɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣɦɚɪɤɢɫɬɚɥɢɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɫɨ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢ ɰɟɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɋɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɯɬɵɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɜɬɚɛɥ

ɐɟɧɚ
U
ɭ
ɭ
ɪɭɛɬ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
1L 7L : 0R 9 &X $O )H
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɜɲɢɯɬɟɤɝ
& 6L 0Q 3 6 &U 1L
7L : 0R 9 &X $O )H
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɬɯɨɞɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɜɡɚɜɚɥɤɭ
&6L0Q3 6&
ɧ    
Ⱥ        
Ⱥ        
Ȼ        
ɑɭɝɭɧ        
ɇ ± ± ± ± ± ±  ± ± ± ± ± ±  
Ⱥ               
Ⱥ               
Ȼ               
ɑɭɝɭɧ      ± ± ± ± ±   ±  
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ Ɇɚɫɫɚ
ɇ        
ȼɫɟɝɨ        
ȼɫɟɝɨ        
ɝ ɑ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ Ɇɚɫɫɚ
Ⱥ        
Ⱥ        
Ȼ        
ɇ  
ȼɫɟɝɨ        
ȼɫɟɝɨ        
Ʉɪɨɦɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɲɢɯɬɵɜɞɭɝɨɜɭɸɩɟɱɶɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɸɬɢɡɜɟɫɬɶ ɜɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɤɝɬɢɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɬɚɛɥȼɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɞɭɝɨɜɨɣɫɬɚɥɟɩɥɚɜɢɥɶ ɧɨɣɩɟɱɢɫɨɫɜɟɪɯɦɨɳɧɵɦɢɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚɦɢɬɜɟɪɞɵɟɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɢɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶ ɡɭɸɬɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɒȾɉɈȺɈ©ɋɟɜɟɪɫɬɚɥɶªɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɤɨɥɢ ɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɝɬɜɡɚɜɚɥɤɭȾɋɉɈȺɈ©Ɇɟɱɟɥªȼɞɚɧɧɨɦɪɚɫɱɟɬɟɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɟɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɞɥɹɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɬɚɤɤɚɤɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬȾɋɉɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢɫɬɚɪɨɣɤɨɧ ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɲɥɚɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɢɨɝɧɟɭɩɨɪɧɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɥɟɝɢɪɭ ɸɳɢɯ ɢɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵ ɩɥɚɜɤɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɜɬɚɛɥɢɬɚɛɥ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɲɥɚɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɢɨɝɧɟɭɩɨɪɧɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɜɵɩɥɚɜɤɢ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɶ    ±   ± ± ± 
Ɇɚɝɧɟɡɢɬ    ±   ± ± ±
Ɇɚɝɧɟɡɢɬɨ
ɯɪɨɦɢɬ
ɉɥɚɜɢɤɨɜɵɣ
ɲɩɚɬ Ɋɭɞɚ   
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞ   ± ±  ± ± ± ± >&@± 
&D2 6L20J2
      ± ± ±
  ± ±    ± ± 
&U2$O2)H2&D))H2 6 32
 ± ±    >2@±
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ɉɨɬɟɪɢɩɪɢ
−
−
ɩɪɨɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ
ȼɵɩɥɚɜɤɚɫɬɚɥɢɜɞɭɝɨɜɨɣɫɬɚɥɟɩɥɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɱɢɉɟɪɢɨɞɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
2.2.1. Ɉɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɯɜɲɥɚɤɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɞɚɧɧɵɯɩɨɭɝɚɪɭɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɬɚɛɥɢɰɭɭɝɚ ɪɨɜɞɥɹɞɚɧɧɨɣɦɚɪɤɢɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɥɹɜɫɟɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɜɬɚɛɥ ɬɚɛɥ
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